Linear Algebra Gate Pyps - 26834634

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LINEAR ALGEBRA (PREVIOUS PAPERS WITH SOLUTIONS)

GATE - 2008
1. Consider the subspace W=[a ij ] : a ij =0 if i is even of all 10 10 real matrices.

Then the dimension of W is (1 mark)
(A) 25 (B) 50
(C) 75 (D) 100
2. Let T: ℝ4  ℝ4 be the linear map satisfying T(e1)=e2, T(e2 )=e3, T(e3 )=0, T(e4 )=e3, where
e 1 , e2 , e3 , e4 is the standard basis of ℝ4. Then (2 marks)
(A) T is idempotent (B) T is invertible
(C) Rank T = 3 (D) T is nilpotent
 1 1 2
 
3. Let M = 0 1 1 and V =M xt:x ℝ3. Then an orthonormal basis for V is (2 marks)
0 1 1
 t  2 1   2 1 1 
t t
(A) (1,0,0) ,  0, ,  ,  , ,  


  5 5  6 6 6  
  1 1 
t
(B) (1,0,0)t ,  0, ,  
  2 2  
 t  1 1 1   2 1 1 
t t
(C) (1,0,0) ,  , ,  ,  , ,  


  3 3 3  6 6 6  
(D) {(1,0,0) t , (0,0,1) t }
4. For any n ℕ, let Pn denote the vector space of all polynomials with real coefficients and of degree
x
at most n. Define T:Pn Pn+1 by T(p(x)) = p(x) - p(t)dt . Then the dimension of the null space of T
0
is (2 marks)
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) n (D) n+1
1 0 0 

5. Let M = 0 cos   sin   , where 0<  < . Let V = uℝ3 : M ut = ut. Then the dimension of
 2
0 sin  cos  
V is (2 marks)
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
1
Phone: 9876311001 e–mail: mathsmim@gmail.com web: www.onlinemim.com
2 2 0 0
 
6. The number of linearly independent eigenvectors of the matrix 2 1 0 0
is (2 marks)
0 0 3 0
 
0 0 1 4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Statement for linked Answer Questions 7 and 8:
 3 / 5  4 / 5 0
Let N = 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 .
 0 0 1
7. Then N is (2 marks)
(A) non-invertble (B) skew-symmetric (C) symmetric (D) orthogonal
8. If M is any 3  3 real matrix, then trace (NMN t) is equal to (2 marks)
(A) [trace(N)]2 trace (M) (B) 2 trace(N) + trace(M)
(C) trace(M) (D) [trace(N)]2 + trace(M)
GATE - 2009
9. The dimension of the vector space V = {A  (aij ) nn : aij ℂ, aij   a ji } over the field ℝ is
(1 mark)
n2
(A) n 2
(B) n -1 2
(C) n  n2
(D)
2
0 0 3
10. The minimal polynomial associated with the matrix 1 0 2  is (1 mark)
0 1 1 
(A) x 3  x 2  2x  3 (B) x 3  x 2  2 x  3 (C) x 3  x 2  3x  3 (D) x 3  x 2  3x  3
 
1 0 0 
 1 i 3 
11. If A   i 0 , then the trace of A102 is (2 marks)
 2 
 1 i 3
0 1  2i 
 2 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
12. Which of the following matrices is not diagonalizable? (2 marks)
1 1  1 0  0  1  1 1
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
1 2  3 2 1 0   0 1
2
1  1  0
   
13. Let V be the column space of the matrix A = 1 2  . Then the orthogonal projection of  1  on V
 1  1 0
   
is (2 marks)
0 0 1 1
(A)  1  (B)  0  (C)  1  (D)  0 
0 1 0 1
       
Common Data for questions 14 – 15

Let T : ℝ3→ℝ3 be linear transformation defined by
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ( x1  3x2  2 x3 , 3x1  4 x2  x3, , 2 x1  x2  x3 ).
14. The dimension of the range space of T 2 is (2 marks)

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
15. The dimension of the null space of T 3 is (2 marks)

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
GATE - 2010
k 1 2
16. If the nullity of the matrix  1  1  2 is 1, then the value of ‘k’ is (1 mark)
 
1 1 4 
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
17. If a 3 3 real skew-symmetric matrix has an eigenvalue 2i , then one of the remaining eigenvalues
is (1 mark)
1 1
(A) (B) - (C) 0 (D) 1
2i 2i
18. Let T: ℝ3 → ℝ3 be a linear transformation defined by T ( x, y, z)  ( x  y, y  z, z  x) . Then an

orthonormal basis for the range of T is (2 marks)
 1 1   1 1   1 1 2 
(A) 
1
,
 1
1
,0 ,  , ,  (B)  , ,0,  , , 
 2 2  3 3 3   2 2   6 6 6 
 1 1  1 2   1 1  1 1 
(C)  , ,0,  ,
1
,  (D)  , ,0,  ,
1
, 
 2 2  6 6 6   2 2   3 3 3 
19. Let T : P3 0,1  P2 0,1 be defined by (Tp)( x)  p' ' ( x)  p' ( x) . Then the matrix representation of
T with respect to the basis 1, x, x 2 , x 3  and 1, x, x 2  of P3 0,1 and P2 0,1 , respectively, is
(2 marks)
3
0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
(A) 1 0 0 (B)   (C)   (D) 0 0 1
  0 0 2 6 6 2 0 0  
2 2 0
 3 0 0 0  0 2 2
 0
 0 0 0 3
6 3  3 6 0 
20. Consider the basis u1 , u 2 , u3  of ℝ3, where u1  (1,0,0), u 2  (1,1,0), u3  (1,1,1) . Let  f1 , f 2 , f 3 
be the dual basis of u1 , u 2 , u3  and f be the linear functional defined by
f (a, b, c)  a  b  c ; (a, b, c) ℝ3. If f   1 f 1   2 f 2   3 f 3 , then ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 ) is (2 marks)
(A) (1,2,3) (B) (1,3,2) (C) (2,3,1) (D) (3,2,1)
GATE - 2011
1 1 0
21. The distinct eigenvalues of the matrix 1 1 0 are
 (1 mark)
0 0 0
(A) 0 and 1 (B) 1 and -1 (C) 1 and 2 (D) 0 and 2
3 3 0
22. The minimal polynomial of the matrix 3 3 0 is (1 mark)

0 0 6 
(A) x(x-1)(x-6) (B) x(x-3) (C) (x-3)(x-6) (D) x(x-6)
23. The application of Gram – Schmidt process of ortho-normalization to

u1  (1,1,0), u 2  (1,0,0), u3  (1,1,1) yields (2 marks)
1 1 1 1
(A) (1,1,0), (1,0,0), (0,0,1) (B) (1,1,0), (1,1,0), (1,1,1)
2 2 2 2
(C) (0,1,0), (1,0,0), (0,0,1) (D) 1 (1,1,0), 1 (1,1,0), (0,0,1)
2 2
 z1   z1  iz 2 
   
24. Let T : ℂ → ℂ be defined by T  z 2    iz1  z 2
3 3
 . Then, the adjoint T * of T is given by
 z   z  z  iz 
 3  1 2 3
 z1 
 

T  z2  = (2 marks)
z 
 3
 z1  iz 2   z1  iz 2  z 3   z1  iz 2  z 3   iz1  z 2 
       
(A)   iz1  z 2  (B)   iz1  z 2  z 3  (C)  iz1  z 2  z 3  (D)  z1  iz 2 
 z  z  iz      iz   z  z  iz 
 1 2 3  iz 3   3   1 2 3
4
Statement for linked Answer Questions 25 and 26:

1 1 1
The matrix A= 2 1 2 can be decomposed into the product of a lower triangular matrix L
1 3 2 
and an upper triangular matrix U as A=LU, where
1 0 0 u11 u12 u13 
L  l21 1 0  and U  0 u22 u 23 . Let x, z  ℝ3 and b=[1,1,1]T
l31 l32 1  0 0 u33 
25. The solution z=[z1, z2, z3]T of the system L z=b is (2 marks)
(A) [-1, -1, -2]T (B) [1, -1, 2]T
(C) [1, -1, -2]T (D) [-1,1, 2]T
26. The solution x=[x1, x2, x3]T of the system U x=z is (2 marks)
(A) [2,1, -2]T (B) [2, 1, 2]T
(C) [-2, -1, -2]T (D) [-2,1, -2]T
27. Let T :ℝ4→ ℝ4 be defined by T ( x, y, z, w)  ( x  y  5w, x  2 y  w, z  2w,5x  y  2z) . The dimension
of the eigenspace of T is (2 marks)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
GATE - 2012
1  2 3 4
 
0  2 3 4
28. Let   e 2 i / 5 and the matrix M  0 0 2 3  4  . Then the trace of matrix
0 0 0 3 4 
 
0 0 0 0  4 
I+M+M2 is (1 mark)
(A) -5 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 5
29. Let V = ℂ2 be the vector space over the field of complex numbers and B={(1,i),(i,1)} be a given
ordered basis of V. Then for which of the following, B*  { f1, f 2} is a dual basis of B over ℂ?
(1 mark)
1 1
(A) f1 ( z1 , z2 )  ( z1  iz 2 ), f 2 ( z1 , z2 )  ( z1  iz 2 )
2 2
5
1 1
(B) f1 ( z1 , z2 )  ( z1  iz 2 ), f 2 ( z1 , z2 )  (iz1  z2 )
2 2
(C) f1 ( z1 , z2 )  1 ( z1  iz 2 ), f 2 ( z1 , z2 )  1 (iz1  z2 )
2 2
1 1
(D) f1 ( z1 , z2 )  ( z1  iz 2 ), f 2 ( z1 , z2 )  (iz1  z2 )
2 2
1 0 0
30. If A  1 0 1 , then A50 is (1 mark)
0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0  1 0 0 1 0 0
(A) 50 0 0  (B) 48 0 0 (C) 25 1 0 (D) 24 1 0
50 0 1 48 0 1 25 0 1 24 0 1
31. Let the linear transformation T: F 2→F 3 be defined by T(x1, x2) = (x1, x1+x2, x2). Then the nullity of
T is (1 mark)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
 15 4 3
32. The approximate eigenvalue of the matrix A   10  12 6 obtained after two iterations of
 20 4 2 
T
Power method with the initial vector [1 1 1] , is (1 mark)
(A) 7.768 (B) 9.468 (C) 10.548 (D) 19.468
 2 3  2i  4
33. For the matrix M  3  2i 5 6i  , Which of the following statements are correct?
  4  6i 3 
P: M is skew – Hermitian and iM is Hermitian
Q: M is Hermitian and iM is skew-Hermitian
R: eigenvalues of M are real
S: eigenvalues of iM are real (2 marks)
(A) P and R only (B) Q and R only
(C) P and S only (D) Q and S only
x
34. Let T : P3  P3 be the map given by T ( p( x))   p(t )dt. If the matrix of T relative to the standard
1
bases B1  B2  {1, x, x , x } is M and M  denotes the transpose of the matrix M , then

2 3
M  M  is (2 marks)
6
0 1  1  1  1 0 0 2
 1 2 0 0
 0
 1 1 0 
(A) (B)
0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0
   
0 0 0 2 2 0 2  1
2 0 0  1 0 2 2 2
 1 2 1 0  2 1 0 0
(C)  (D) 
0 1 2 1  2 0 1 0
   
 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1
GATE – 2013
35. The possible set of eigen values of a 4 4 skew – symmetric orthogonal real matrix is (1 mark)
(A) {i} (B) {i,1}
(C) {1} (D) {0,i}
36. Let P be a 2 2 complex matrix such that trace(P)=1 and det(P)=-6. Then, trace of (P4-P3) is
________ (1 mark)
37. Let V be the real vector space of all polynomials in one variable with real coefficients and having
degree at most 20. Define the subspaces
 1   1 
W1   p  V : p(1)  0, p   0, p(5)  0, p(7)  0, W2   p  V : p   0, p(3)  0, p(4)  0, p(7)  0
  
2    
2 
Then the dimension of W1  W2 is ________ (2 marks)
38. Let M be the real vector space of 2 3 matrices with real entries. Let T:M→M be defined by
  x1 x2 x3    x6 x4 x1 
T   = 
x2 
. The determinant of T is ______ (2 marks)
  x4 x5 x6    x3 x5
39. Let B be a real symmetric positive–definite n  n matrix. Consider the inner product on ℝn
defined by X , Y  Y BX . Let A be an n  n real matrix and let T:ℝn→ℝn be the linear operator
t
defined by T(X)=AX for all X ∈ ℝn. If S is the adjoint of T, then S(X)=CX for all X ∈ ℝn, where C
is the matrix (2 marks)
(A) B A B
1 t
(B) BA B t 1
(C) B AB1
(D) At
40. Let X be the space of all 4  3 matrices with entries in the field of three elements. Then the number
of matrices of rank three in M is (2 marks)
(A) (3  3)(3  3 )(3  3 )
4 4 2 4 3
(B) (3  1)(3  2)(3  3)
4 4 4
(C) (3  1)(3  3)(3  3 )

4 4 4 2
(D) 34 (34  1)(34  2)
7
41. Let V be a vector space of dimension m  2. Let T:V→V be linear transformation such that T n 1  0
and T n  0 for some n ≥1. Then which of the following is necessary TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) Rank(Tn) ≤ Nullity (Tn) (B) trace(T) ≠ 0
(C) T is diagonalizable (D) n=m
GATE – 2014
42. Let A ∈ M3(ℝ) be such that det ( A  I ) =0, where I denotes the 3 3 identity matrix.
If trace (A) =13 and det(A) = 32, then the sum of squares of the eigen values of A is _______
(1 mark)
 d4 f d2 f 
43. Let V denote the vector space C 5[a, b] over ℝ and W   f V : 4
 2 2
 f  0. Then
 dt dt 
(1 mark)
(A) dim (V) =  and dim (W)=  (B) dim (V) =  and dim (W)=4
(C) dim (V) = 6 and dim (W) =5 (D) dim (V) = 5 and dim (W) =4
44. Let V be a real inner product space of dimension 10. Let x, y V be non-zero vectors such that
<x,y>=0. Then the dimension of {x} { y} is ___________ (1 mark)
45. Consider C[-1, 1] equipped with the supremum norm given by ||f||∞=sup{|f(t)|:t  [-1, 1]} for
0 1
f C[1,1] . Define a linear functional T on C[-1,1] by T ( f )  
1
f (t )dt   f (t )dt
0
for all
f C[1,1] . Then the value of ||T|| is ___________ (2 marks)
46. Consider the vector space C[0,1] over ℝ. Consider the following statements:
P: If the set {t f1 , t 2 f 2 , t 3 f 3} is linearly independent, then the set {f1, f2, f3} is linearly
independent, where f1, f2, f3  C[0,1] and t n represents the polynomial function t  t n , n  ℕ
1
Q: If F:C[0,1] → ℝ is given by F ( x)   x(t 2 )dt for each x  C[0,1] , then F is a linear map.
0
Which of the above statements hold TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) Only P (B) Only Q
(C) Both P and Q (D) Neither P nor Q
2 0  3
X  3  3  . A matrix P such that P XP is a diagonal matrix, is
-1
47. Let 1 (2 marks)
0 0  1 
1 1 1   1 1 1  1  1 1  1  1 1
0 1 1   0 1 1 0 1 1   0 1
(A)  
(B)  
(C) 
(D)
 1 
1 1 0  1 1 0 1 1 0   1 1 0
8
48. Let T1, T2: ℝ5 → ℝ3 be linear transformations such that rank(T1) = 3 and nullity(T2) = 3.
Let T3 : ℝ3 → ℝ3 be a linear transformation such that T3  T1  T2 . Then rank (T3) is ______
(2 marks)
49. Let F3 be the field of 3 elements and let F3 × F3 be the vector space over F3. The number of distinct
linearly dependent sets of the form {u, v}, where u, v ∈ F3 × F3 \ {(0,0)} and u ≠ v is _________
(2 marks)
GATE - 2015
50. Let T : ℝ4 → ℝ4 be a linear map defined by T ( x, y, z, w)  ( x  z,2x  y  3z,2 y  2z, w). Then the
rank of T is equal to ____________ (1 mark)
51. Let M be a 3 3 matrix and suppose that 1, 2 and 3 are the eigenvalues of M. If
M2 11
M 1  M  I3 for some scalar   0, then  is equal to_________ (1 mark)
 
52. Let M be a 3 3 singular matrix and suppose that 2 and 3 are eigenvalues of M. Then the number
of linearly independent eigenvectors of M 3  2M  I 3 is equal to____________ (1 mark)
 1 
  2  6     
    3 1  
53. Let M be a 3 3 matrix such that M  1  =   3  and suppose that M    =    for some
 0   0 2  
       
 0
 ,  ,   ℝ. Then |  | is equal to_______ (1 mark)
 1 1 
54. Let W = Span  (0,0,1,1), (1,1,0,0) be a subspace of the Euclidean space ℝ4. Then the
 2 2 
square of the distance from the point (1,1,1,1) to the subspace W is equal to ________ (2 marks)
55. Let T : ℝ4 → ℝ4 be a linear map such that the null space of T is {( x, y, z, w)  ℝ4

: x  y  z  w  0} and the rank of (T  4I 4 ) is 3. If the minimal polynomial of T is x( x  4)  ,
then  is equal to ___________ (2 marks)
56. Let M be an invertible Hermitian matrix and let x, y  ℝ be such that x 2  4 y. Then. (2 marks)
(A) both M 2  xM  yI and M 2  xM  yI are singular
(B) M 2  xM  yI is singular but M 2  xM  yI is non-singular
(C) M 2  xM  yI is non-singular but M 2  xM  yI is singular
(D) both M 2  xM  yI and M 2  xM  yI are non-singular
9
57. Let V be a closed subspace of L2 [0,1] and let f , g  L2 [0,1] be given by f ( x)  x and
g ( x)  x 2 . If V   Span { f } and Pg is the orthogonal projection of g on V, then
( g  Pg ) ( x), x[0,1], is (2 marks)
(A) 3 x (B) 1 x (C) 3 x 2 (D) 1 x 2
4 4 4 4
GATE – 2016
58. Let {X,Y,Z} be a basis of ℝ3. Consider the following statements P and Q.
P : {X + Y, Y+ Z, X – Z} is a basis of ℝ3.
Q : {X + Y+Z, X+2Y- Z, X – 3Z} is a basis of ℝ3.
Which of the above statements hold TRUE? (1 mark)
(A) Both P and Q (B) Only P
(C) Only Q (D) Neither P nor Q
59. Consider the following statements P and Q:
1 1 1
P: If M  1 2 4, then M is singular.
1 3 9
Q: Let S be a diagonalizable matrix. If T is a matrix such that S + 5T = Id, then T is diagonalizable.
(A) Both P and Q (B) Only P (C) Only Q (D) Neither P nor Q
60. Consider the following statements P and Q:
P : If M is an n  n complex matrix, then R(M) = (N(M*)).
Q : There exists a unitary matrix with an eigenvalue  such that || < 1.
(A) Both P and Q (B) Only P (C) Only Q (D) Neither P nor Q
61. Consider a real vector space V of dimension n and a non-zero linear transformation T : V  V. If
dimension (T(V)) < n and T2 = T, for some ℝ∖{0}, then which of the following statements is
TRUE? (1 mark)
(A) Determinant(T) = || n
(B) There exists a non-trivial subspace V1 of V such that T(X) = 0 for all X  V1
(C) T is invertible
(D)  is the only eigenvalue of T
10
62. Let V be the set of all solutions of the equation y  ay'by  0 satisfying y(0) = y(1), where a, b
are positive real numbers. Then, dimension (V) is equal to _________ (1 mark)
63. Let c0={(xn) : xnℝ, xn0} and M = {(xn)  c0:x1+x2 +…+ x10=0}. Then, dimension  c0 M  is
 
equal to _____________________ (1 mark)
a b c
64. Let M  b d e  be a real matrix with eigenvalues 1, 0 and 3. If the eigenvectors
 c e f 
corresponding to 1 and 0 are (1,1,1)T and (1,-1,0)T respectively, then the value of 3f is equal
to______ (2 marks)
1 1 0 1 3 3
 [bij ], then  bij is
1 1
M  0 1 1  Id  M  M 2  M 3  ... .
M
65. Let and e M
If e
2! 3! e i 1 j 1
0 0 1
equal to______ (2 marks)
GATE – 2017
66. Consider the vector space V = {a0 + a1x + a2x2 : ai  ℝ for i = 0, 1, 2} of polynomials of degree at
most 2. Let f : V  ℝ be a linear functional such that f(1+x) = 0, f(1-x2) = 0 and f(x2-x) = 2. Then
f(1+x+x2) equals______ (1 marks)
67. Let A be a 7  7 matrix such that 2A2 – A4 = I, where I is the identity matrix. If A has two distinct
eigenvalues and each eigenvalue has geometric multiplicity 3, then the total number of non-zero
entries in the Jordan canonical form of A equals_________ (1 marks)
1 1 0 0 1 2 3 2
68. If U and V are the null spaces of   and 0 1 2 1  respectively, then the dimension of
0 0 1 1   
the subspace U + V equals_______ (2 marks)
69. Given two n  n matrices A and B with entries in ℂ, consider the following statements:
(P) : If A and B have the same minimal polynomial, then A is similar to B.
(Q) : If A has n distinct eigenvalues, then there exists u  ℂn such that u, Au, …, An-1u are linearly
independent.
Which of the above statements hold TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) Both P and Q (B) Only P
(C) Only Q (D) Neither P nor Q
11
70. Let A = (aij) be a 10 10 matrix such that aij = 1 for i  j and aii =  + 1, where  > 0. Let  and 
be the largest and the smallest eigenvalues of A, respectively. If  +  = 24, then  equals___
(2 marks)
GATE – 2018
 a 2f 0 
71. Let A  2 f b 3 f  , where a, b, c, f are real numbers and f  0. The geometric multiplicity of
 0 3 f c 
the largest eigenvalue of A equals _________ (1 marks)
72. Consider the subspaces W1  {( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ℝ3: x1  x2  2 x3}

W2  {( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ℝ3: x1  3x2  2 x3 }
of ℝ3 . Then the dimension of W1 + W2 equals ________ (1 marks)
73. Let V be the real vector space of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to 2 with real
coefficients. Let T :V → V be the linear transformation given by T ( p)  2 p  p' for p∈V, where p
is the derivative of p. Then the number of non-zero entries in the Jordan canonical form of a matrix
of T equals _______ (1 marks)
74. Let C([0, 1]) be the real vector space of all continuous real valued functions on [0, 1] and let T be
1
the linear operator on C([0, 1]) given by (Tf )( x)   sin( x  y) f ( y)dy, x [0,1]. Then the
0
dimension of the range space of T equals ______ (1 marks)
75. Let M2(ℝ) be the vector space of all 2×2 real matrices over the field ℝ. Define the linear
transformation S : M2(ℝ) → M2(ℝ) by S(X) = 2X + XT , where XT denotes the transpose of the
matrix X. Then the trace of S equals ____________ (2 marks)
76. Consider ℝ3 with the usual inner product. If d is the distance from (1, 1, 1) to the subspace span
{(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} of ℝ3 , then 3d 2 = __________ (2 marks)
77. Consider the matrix A = I9 − 2u T u with u = 1 [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], where I9 is the 9 × 9 identity
3
matrix and uT is the transpose of u. If  and µ are two distinct eigenvalues of A, then | − µ| =
______ (2 marks)
GATE – 2019
78. If the characteristic polynomial and minimal polynomial of a square matrix A are (-1) ( + 1)4
(-2)5 and (-1) ( + 1) (-2), respectively, then the rank of the matrix A + I is _____, where I is
the identity matrix of appropriate order. (1 mark)
12
79. Let M be a 3  3 real symmetric matrix with eigenvalues 0, 2 and a with the respective eigenvectors
u = (4, b, c)T, v = (-1, 2, 0)T, and w = (1, 1, 1)T.
Consider the following statements:
I. a + b – c = 10
T
II. The vector x   0, ,  satisfies Mx = v + w

3 1
 2 2
III. For any d  span {u, v, w}, Mx = d has a solution
IV. The trace of the matrix M2 + 2M is 8
(yT denotes the transpose of the vector y)
Which of the above statements are TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) I, II and III only (B) I and II only
(C) II and IV only (D) III and IV only
80. Let P2 be the vector space of all polynomials of degree at most 2 over ℝ (the set of real numbers).
Let a linear transformation T : P2  P2 be defined by T (a + bx + cx2) = (a+b)+(b–c) x+(a+c)x2.
I. The null space of T is {(-1 + x + x2) :   ℝ}.
II. The range space of T is spanned by the set {1 + x2, 1 + x}
III. T (T(1 + x)) = 1 + x2
IV. If M is the matrix representation of T with respect to the standard basis {1, x, x2} of P2, then the
trace of the matrix M is 3.
Which of the above statements are TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) I and II only (B) I, III and IV only
(C) I, II and IV only (D) II and IV only
81. Let V be the vector space of all 3  3 matrices with complex entries over the real field. If
W1 { A V : A  A T } and W2 = {A  V : trace of A = 0}, then the dimension of W1 + W2 is equal
to______ (2 marks)
( A T denotes the conjugate transpose of A)
82. Consider the inner product space P2 of all polynomials of degree at most 2 over the field of real
1
numbers with the inner product f , g   f (t ) g (t ) dt for f , g P2 . Let {f0 , f1 , f2} be an orthogonal
0
2
set in P2 , where f0 = 1, f1 = t + c1, f2 = t + c2 f1 + c3 and c1 , c2 , c3 are real constants. Then the value
of 2c1 + c2 + 3c3 is equal to___________ (2 marks)
GATE – 2020
83. Suppose that M is 5  5 matrix with real entries and p(x) = det(xI – M). Then (1 mark)
(A) p(0) = det(M)
13
(B) every eigenvalue of M is real if p(1) + p(2) = 0 = p(2) + p(3)

(C) M -1 is necessarily a polynomial in M of degree 4 if M is invertible
(D) M is not invertible if M2 – 2M = 0
84. Let {en }n 1 be an orthonormal basis for a separable Hilbert space H with the inner product . , ..
1
Define f n  en  en 1 for n  ℕ. Then (2 marks)
n 1
(A) the closure of the span {fn : n  ℕ} equals H
(B) f = 0 if f, fn = f, en for all n  ℕ
(C) { f n }n 1 is an orthogonal subset of H
(D) there does not exist nonzero f  H such that f, e2 = f, f2
85. Suppose V is a finite dimensional non-zero vector space over ℂ and T : V  V is a linear
transformation such that Range(T) = Null space (T). Then which of the following statements is
FALSE? (2 marks)
(A) The dimension of V is even
(B) 0 is the only eigenvalue of T
(C) Both 0 and 1 are eigenvalues of T
(D) T2 = 0
86. Let P  Mmn(ℝ). Consider the following statements:
I: If XPY = 0 for all X  M1m(ℝ) and Y  Mn1(ℝ), then P = 0.
II: If m = n, P is symmetric and P2 = 0, then P = 0.
Then (2 marks)
(A) both I and II are true
(B) I is true but II is false
(C) I is false but II is true
(D) both I and II are false
87. Suppose V is a finite dimensional vector space over ℝ. If W1, W2 and W3 are subspaces of V, then
which of the following statements is TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) If W1 + W2 + W3 = V, then span (W1 ∪ W2) ∪ span(W2 ∪ W3) ∪ span(W3 ∪ W1) = V
(B) If W1 ∩ W2 = {0} and W1 ∩ W3 = {0}, then W1 ∩ (W2 + W3) = {0}
(C) If W1 + W2 = W1 + W3, then W2 = W3
(D) If W1  V, then span (V \ W1) = V
88. Suppose that T : ℝ4  ℝ[x] is a linear transformation over ℝ satisfying
T(-1, 1, 1, 1) = x2 + 2x4, T(1, 2, 3, 4) = 1 – x2,
T(2, -1, -1, 0) = x3 – x4.
Then the coefficient of x4 in T(-3, 5, 6, 6) is ___________ (2 marks)
14
GATE – 2021
89. Let R be the row reduced echelon form of a 4  4 real matrix A and let the third column of R be
0 
1 
 . Consider the following statements:
0 
 
0 
 
 
P: If   is a solution of Ax = 0, then  = 0.
 
 
0 
Q: For all b  ℝ4, rank [A | b] = rank [R | b].
Then (1 mark)
(A) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE (B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) both P and Q are TRUE (D) both P and Q are FALSE
90. Let A be a 3  4 matrix and B be a 4  3 matrix with real entries such that AB is non-singular.
P: Nullity of A is 0
Q: BA is a non-singular matrix
Then (1 mark)
(A) both P and Q are TRUE (B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) both P and Q are FALSE (D) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
91. Let T : ℝ3  ℝ3 be a linear transformation such that
 1   1  1  1  1   1
    2      
T  1    1, T  1   1 and T  1    1.
2  
 1   1  1  1  2  1

           
Then the rank of T is ________ (1 mark)
92. Let A be a square matrix such that det(xI – A) = x4(x – 1)2 (x – 2)3, where det (M) denotes the
determinant of a square matrix M.
If rank (A2) < rank (A3) = rank (A4), then the geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 of A is
_________.
(2 marks)
93. Let •, • : ℝn  ℝn  ℝ be an inner product on the vector space ℝn over ℝ. Consider the following
statements:
1
P :| u, v |  (u, u  v, v ) for all u, v  ℝn.
2
Q : If u, v = 2u, -v for all v  ℝn, then u = 0.
15
Then (2 marks)
(A) both P and Q are FALSE (B) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
(C) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE (D) both P and Q are TRUE
94. Let V = {p : p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2, a0, a1, a2  ℝ} be the vector space of all polynomials of degree
at most 2 over the real field ℝ. Let T : V  V be the linear operator given by
T(p) = (p(0) – p(1)) + (p(0) + p(1)) x + p(0)x2.
Then the sum of the eigenvalues of T is __________ (2 marks)
GATE – 2022
95. Suppose that the characteristic equation of M ∈ℂ3×3 is λ3+ αλ2+ βλ− 1 = 0,where α, β∈ℂ with
α+ β≠ 0. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1 mark)
−1 −1
(A) M(I − βM) = M (M + αI) (B) M(I + βM) = M (M − αI)
−1 −1
(C) M (M + βI) = M – αI (D) M−1(M−1− βI) = M + αI
96. Consider
P: Let M ∈ℝm×n with m > n ≥2. If rank(M) = n, then the system of linear equations Mx = 0 has
x = 0 as the only solution.
Q: Let E ∈ℝn×n, n ≥2 be a non-zero matrix such that E3= 0. Then I + E2is a singular matrix.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1 mark)
(A) Both P and Q are TRUE. (B) Both P and Q are FALSE.
(C) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE (D) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE.
97. Let T : ℝ 2→ ℝ2 be a linear transformation defined by T((1, 2)) = (1, 0) and T((2, 1)) = (1, 1).
For p, q ∈ℝ, let T−1((p, q)) = (x, y). Which of the following statements is TRUE? (2 marks)
(A) x = p − q; y = 2p – q (B) x = p + q; y = 2p – q
(C) x = p + q; y = 2p + q (D) x = p − q; y = 2p + q
98. Consider ℝ3 as a vector space with the usual operations of vector addition and scalar
multiplication. Let x ∈ ℝ3 be denoted by x = (x1, x2, x3). Define subspaces W1 and W2 by
W1:= {x ∈ℝ3: x1+ 2x2− x3= 0}
and
W2:= {x ∈ℝ3: 2x1+ 3x3= 0}.
Let dim(U) denote the dimension of the subspace U.
Which of the following statements are TRUE? (2 marks)
3
(A) dim(W1) = dim(W2) (B) dim(W1) + dim(W2) − dim(ℝ ) = 1
(C) dim(W1+W2) = 2 (D) dim(W1 ∩W2) = 1
99. Let M be a 3 × 3 real matrix such that M2= 2M + 3I. If the determinant of M is −9, then the trace of
M equals_________ (2 marks)
16
ANSWERS
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (D)
7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (D)
13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (C)
19. (B) 20. (A) 21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (C)
25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (D) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (C)
31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (A,B,C,D) 35. (A) 36. ‘78’
37. ‘15’ 38. ‘-1’ 39. (A) 40. (C) 41. (A) 42. ‘81’
43. (B) 44. ‘8’ 45. ‘1.99 to 2.01’ 46. (B) 47. (A) 48. ‘2’
49. ‘3.99 to 4.01’ 50. ‘3’ 51. ‘6’ 52. ‘3’ 53. ‘27’ 54. ‘2’
55. ‘1’ 56. (D) 57. (A) 58. (C) 59. (C) 60. (B)
61. (B) 62. ‘1’ 63. ‘1’ 64. ‘7’ 65. ‘5.5’ 66. ‘1’
67. ‘8’ 68. ‘3’ 69. (C) 70. ‘7’ 71. ‘1’ 72. ‘3’
73. ‘5’ 74. ‘2’ 75. ‘10’ 76. ‘1’ 77. ‘2’ 78. ‘6’
79. (B) 80. (C) 81. ‘17’ 82. ‘-3’ 83. (C) 84. (A)
85. (C) 86. (A) 87. (D) 88. ‘5 to 5’ 89. (D) 90. (C)
91. ‘2’ 92. 93. (D) 94. ‘1’ 95. (D) 96. (C)
97. (B) 98. (A,B,D) 99. ‘5’
17

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MOHAN INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS

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LINEAR ALGEBRA (PREVIOUS PAPERS WITH SOLUTIONS)

1. Consider the subspace W=[a ij ] : a ij =0 if i is even of all 10 10 real matrices.

Common Data for questions 14 – 15

14. The dimension of the range space of T 2 is (2 marks)

15. The dimension of the null space of T 3 is (2 marks)

18. Let T: ℝ3 → ℝ3 be a linear transformation defined by T ( x, y, z)  ( x  y, y  z, z  x) . Then an

23. The application of Gram – Schmidt process of ortho-normalization to

Statement for linked Answer Questions 25 and 26:

bases B1  B2  {1, x, x , x } is M and M  denotes the transpose of the matrix M , then

(C) (3  1)(3  3)(3  3 )

55. Let T : ℝ4 → ℝ4 be a linear map such that the null space of T is {( x, y, z, w)  ℝ4

72. Consider the subspaces W1  {( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ℝ3: x1  x2  2 x3}

II. The vector x   0, ,  satisfies Mx = v + w

(B) every eigenvalue of M is real if p(1) + p(2) = 0 = p(2) + p(3)

 1   1  1  1  2  1

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