National Summary

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COUNTS REPORT
ANNUAL
NATIONAL SUMMARY

On September 9, 2021, 1,536 out of 1,914 (80%) identified domestic violence programs in the United States
participated in a national count of domestic violence services conducted by the National Network to End
Domestic Violence (NNEDV). The survey also includes data from the National Domestic Violence Hotline
and NNEDV’s WomensLaw Email Hotline. In 2021, frontline advocates continued to navigate unforeseen
challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises. The following figures represent the information
shared by the participating programs about the services they provided during the 24-hour survey period.

70,032 Victims Served in One Day National Domestic Violence Hotline received 1,698
38,608 adult and child victims of domestic violence contacts. Altogether, all local, state, territorial, and
found refuge in emergency shelters, transitional national hotline staff received an average of more
housing, hotels, motels, or other housing provided than 14 contacts every minute of the survey day.
by local domestic violence programs.
16,240 People Engaged in Trainings
31,424 non-residential adult and child victims On the survey day, local domestic violence programs
received supportive services including counseling, provided trainings or public education sessions to
legal advocacy, support groups, and transportation. 16,240 people in communities across the United
States. Advocates provided 796 trainings addressing
% of Programs topics like domestic violence prevention and early
Table 1: Top Services
Providing intervention. Community education is essential to
Provided on 9/9/21
Services raising awareness about domestic violence and
Emergency Shelter 71% promoting the resources available to victims.
Children’s Support or Advocacy 53%
9,444 Unmet Requests for Services
Court Accompaniment or Legal
52% Victims made 9,444 requests for services—including
Advocacy
emergency shelter, housing, transportation,
Support/Advocacy Related to childcare, legal representation, and other support
51%
Housing/Landlord needs—that programs could not provide because
Transportation 47% they lacked the resources. Approximately 64%
Support/Advocacy Related to of these unmet requests were for housing and
45%
Mental Health emergency shelter.

20,701 Hotline Calls Received
Domestic violence hotlines are lifelines for victims
in danger, providing support, information, safety
planning, and resources via phone, chat, text, and
email. Local, state, and territorial hotline staff
received 18,970 contacts; NNEDV’s WomensLaw
legal Email Hotline received 33 emails; and the
Housing has only grown as a need for victims, made
worse by the economic and eviction crises brought
on by the pandemic. Overall, there is a tremendous
need for increased funding to ensure programs
can provide comprehensive services to all survivors
seeking help while working toward preventing
violence in their communities.

From a Massachusetts advocate: “When survivors are finally able to connect with someone who is
kind, believes them, and helps them, it can make all the difference. But there is much more demand
than there are programs, even in our highly resourced state.”

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 VICTIMS SERVED

Domestic Violence Programs Provide Refuge and Advocacy in Times of Crisis

As the pandemic continued to strain housing, employment, and other resources,
local programs worked around the clock to offer options for survivors. Many
abusers choose to leverage economic stressors in order to further exert power
and control over partners, and advocates can offer invaluable support to
survivors as they navigate these and other challenges.

Transitional Hotel/ Non-

Table 2: Victims Emergency
or Other Motel Residential Total
Served on 9/9/21 Shelter
Housing Stay Services
Adults 8,887 8,069 1,429 25,963 44,332
Children 8,671 10,297 1,255 5,461 25,684
Total 17,558 18,366 2,684 31,424 70,032

Answering the Call

Domestic violence hotlines are often the first point of contact for survivors

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seeking help, providing desperately needed information and support. On
September 9, 2021, local, state, territorial, and national domestic violence

STORIES hotlines received 20,701 calls from victims of domestic violence in a single day
(averaging nearly 863 calls per hour or more than 14 calls per minute).
“We supported a
survivor with a Shelter and Housing Services Provide Safety
wide range of needs. Access to safe, affordable, long-term housing options is a critical need for
She told us: ‘This survivors escaping abuse. The pandemic reduced available shelter space at
shelter has been programs, forcing many survivors to stay with abusive partners. Enduring
a place of huge childcare concerns, pay inequity, the occupational segregation of women
blessings. I arrived (especially Women of Color) in low-wage, front line jobs, and other economic
with my life upside- factors3 have continued to impact survivors’ ability to maintain income and
down and I get to secure stable housing for themselves and their families.
leave with a sense of
order and hope for a Creating Pathways from Shelter to Permanent Safe Housing
better future.’” For survivors in emergency shelter, the path to long-term housing can be
– Florida difficult. Financial abuse, which occurs in 99% of domestic violence cases,4 often
advocate results in ruined credit, making it difficult to obtain a lease or mortgage where
credit checks are required.
“The pandemic
has had a terrible Many domestic violence programs offer transitional housing, rapid rehousing,
impact on survivors permanent supportive housing, or other affordable housing options to help
and their children, survivors access safety and stability. Meeting survivors’ housing needs requires
and we’ve seen an meaningful, sustained partnerships, along with substantial federal, tribal, state,
increase in severity territorial, and local public-private investments to create affordable housing
and intensity of in communities. These partnerships must also work together to address
cases. We expect barriers and challenges—including those faced by survivors of color, who are
further funding overrepresented in homeless populations due to structural racism and other
cuts to come just forms of discrimination.
when people need
us the most.” Additionally, survivors frequently face housing waitlists in their search for
– New York permanent housing because of a lack of safe, affordable options in their region,
advocate 3
Fry, Richard, “Some Gender Disparities Widened in the U.S. Workforce during the Pandemic,” Pew Research Center (2022).
4
Adams, Adrienne, “Measuring the Effects of Domestic Violence on Women’s Financial Well-Being,” University of Wisconsin-
Madison, Center for Financial Security (2011).

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 D E VA S TAT I N G U N M E T N E E D S

A Lack of Resources Leads to Devastating Unmet Needs

Domestic violence programs are lifelines for survivors in danger. However, many
programs struggle to maintain stable funding, diminishing their ability to provide
comprehensive services, particularly for high-demand needs like housing, legal
representation, and mental health services.

COVID-19 has forced programs to redirect already-

limited funding to expenses like PPE, technology
improvements, and hotel stays, to protect the
health of staff and survivors. Programs need
access to emergency funding during disasters as
well as regular funding to ensure they are
equipped to serve all survivors.

In addition, prior to the passage of the VOCA Fix,

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VOCA grants had decreased by as much as 70%, Chart 1: Breakdown of
resulting in the loss of billions of dollars that Unmet Requests on 9/9/21
supported over 6,000 local organizations and more
STORIES than six million victims of crime annually.

“A survivor we A Mississippi advocate shared: “We were just notified of drastic cuts to our VOCA
work with recently funding that will detrimentally affect us and other shelters across the state. The
enrolled in school. 40% cut we suffered will set our agency’s services back by a decade.”
It had always been
her dream but, as Unmet Requests for Domestic Violence Services
a single mom with Table 4: Non-
limited resources, Emergency Transitional or
Unmet Hotel/Motel Residential
she thought it would Shelter Other Housing Total
Requests Stay (5%) Services
never be possible. (33%) (26%)
on 9/9/21 (36%)
With our services, Adults 1,982 1,396 274 2,550 6,202
she is excelling in
Children 1,184 1,057 156 845 3,242
her classes and is
steadily working Total 3,166 2,453 430 3,395 9,444
toward her degree.”
Unanswered Calls for Help
– Idaho
On September 9, 2021: Tragically, programs did not have the resources to meet
advocate
9,444 requests for services.
“Due to recent
Safe Housing is Often Out of Reach for Survivors in Need
funding cuts, we
Housing is a critical resource for survivors escaping abuse, but it is often difficult
have had to cut back
to obtain. COVID-19 has exacerbated limited access to safe housing, with many
on staff, and some
programs reducing emergency shelter capacity to ensure that survivors living in
smaller shelters in
group settings could remain as safe and healthy as possible.
our state will likely
have to close their
On the survey day, 28% of participating programs provided hotel or motel stays
doors. This is truly
for survivors, but this can be extremely costly. Without secure housing available,
a disservice to all
victims are often faced with the choice of staying with abusive partners or risking
victims in our state
homelessness.
and nationwide.”
– Arkansas
A Michigan advocate shared: “It hurts my heart to tell callers that we do not
advocate
have space available. It’s defeating and invalidating, and it increases the risk that

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survivors will return to abusers. We need more
funding to assist survivors and provide them with a
safe environment to heal from abuse.”
Survivors face numerous barriers to securing
permanent housing, which forces them to stay
in emergency shelter for longer periods of time.
Many domestic violence programs offer transitional
housing or other housing options, including short-
term rental assistance paired with services, to meet
survivors’ diverse housing needs. However, these
highly sought-after, effective programs are often at
capacity or unavailable. High unemployment and
financial insecurity caused by the pandemic have
also impacted survivors in shelters, many of whom
are unable to obtain permanent housing without
employment.
Advocates often scramble to find alternate options
for survivors in dire situations when housing
programs are at capacity. In Washington, DC, an
advocate reported: “We struggled to find housing for
a survivor for five months, even after reaching out
to our partners. The process was very disappointing,
and it was hard for her to feel confident in her
decision to leave the abuser.”
Even with housing secured, survivors often need
additional, comprehensive services. An advocate in
Minnesota shared: “Every survivor could write you
a novel on all the reasons they couldn’t ‘just leave.’
Where will they go? How will they afford housing
after experiencing financial abuse? How will they
support themselves and their children on a single
income with no childcare? Many survivors will
endure the abuse just to keep their children housed,
fed, and clothed.”
Loss of Housing Services
In 2021, due to funding cuts, 85 programs reported
reducing or eliminating hotel or motel stays;
51 programs reported reducing or eliminating
transitional or other housing services; and 41
programs reported reducing or eliminating
emergency shelter services.
Staffing Challenges Lead to Unmet Needs
Most programs operate on limited budgets, with
services largely dependent on local, state, territorial,
6
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021, as cited in NBC, “A Record 4.4 Million People Quit in September as Great Resignation Shows No Signs of Stopping” (2021).
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and federal government grants. Some programs
may rely on private donations to help fill funding
gaps, which can be highly variable. However,
private funding can be unpredictable, particularly
during an ongoing economic strain. Funding cuts,
and uncertainty about sustainable funding, leave
programs vulnerable, leading to layoffs and a
reduction in critical services for victims in need.
In particular, staffing during the pandemic has
presented major challenges, as programs lose staff
due to low-paid and high-stress working conditions
and increased exposure to the virus. In 2021,
nationwide statistics also showed resignations
across industries (with a record high of 4.4 million
workers quitting jobs in September 2021 alone6),
causing internal strains for organizations.
An advocate in Rhode Island reported: “VOCA
funding cuts have affected staff retention, and
we’re not able to introduce additional services
for survivors. Staff members are spread thin, and
several have already resigned because the stress
was too much.”
Lack of Legal Services May Lead to Further
Victimization
Through their legal advocacy work, many programs
are a source of support for survivors navigating the
complex legal system. COVID-19 deeply impacted
legal services for programs. Prior courthouse
closures, ongoing scheduling delays and backlogs,
and, in some instances, fewer hearings and services
available, along with technical challenges and lack of
access to virtual proceedings, prevented survivors
from quickly obtaining legal recourse for custody
violations, divorce orders, or child support, creating
a backlog that survivors will face for years to come.
With virtual hearings taking place, many legal
advocates cannot accompany survivors to provide
support. Some programs had to cut legal services
due to decreased funding, while remaining lawyers
faced an increase in caseloads, leaving some
survivors without options for representation.
The number of unique visitors to NNEDV’s
WomensLaw legal resource project more than
doubled between March 2020 and June 2021, due,
in part, to high demand for accessible, free, and
easy-to-understand legal help. For victims who are
already struggling to find safety for themselves escaping abuse, especially because some abusers
and their children, navigating the courts can seem choose to limit their partners’ access to vehicles
overwhelming, especially amid a pandemic. as a means of further controlling them, or some
survivors lack the means or access to purchase
A Kansas advocate shared: “We helped a survivor or lease their own cars. For survivors in rural
file for a protection from abuse order. We tried to areas, limited shelter options and a lack of public
get her an attorney but to no avail—the funding was transportation make it difficult to seek help.
gone. She was unable to go up against her abuser’s Many abusers choose to isolate their partners
attorney and her protection from abuse order was from supportive friends and family, and costs
denied.” for relocation can be prohibitively high for many
survivors. Some local programs have limited funding
Going to court can be a source of further to help with these needs, but demand often far
victimization for survivors, as abusers often outpaces availability.
manipulate the legal system to extend cases
and financially drain survivors. Legal advocates Lack of public transportation, or the inability to
and attorneys at local programs can help ensure afford costs associated with private transportation,
survivors do not face the legal system alone. are also major barriers to finding or maintaining
employment, accessing childcare, and getting to
Table 5: Top Services Number of Programs and from appointments. While many bus and
Reduced or Eliminated in Reducing or train systems have returned to regular schedules,
2021 Due to Funding Cuts Eliminating Services survivors on limited incomes still cannot always
Hotel/Motel Stay 85 afford to live near the jobs, schools, and service
Prevention and/or Educational providers that help them move forward after abuse.
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Programs
Childcare/Daycare 60 Domestic violence programs need adequate “flexible
funding” (low-barrier, direct cash assistance that
Transportation 60
helps survivors achieve their safety goals) to provide
Legal Representation by an transportation assistance via bus vouchers, gas
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Attorney cards, and other transportation-related resources.
Children’s Support or Advocacy 52 Providing this service can be life-changing for a
Transitional or Other Housing survivor. A Maine advocate shared: “Our rural
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(run by DV program) advocate helped a survivor get to a safe place and
Therapy/Counseling for Adults provided gift cards for her to purchase gas and
49 other essentials. By addressing these basic needs,
(by a licensed practitioner)
Therapy/Counseling for we helped her feel much less overwhelmed and able
Children or Youth (by a licensed 47 to focus on next steps for herself and her children.”
practitioner)
Loss of Transportation Services
Court Accompaniment or Legal
43 In 2021, due to funding cuts, 60 programs reported
Advocacy
reducing or eliminating transportation services.

Loss of Legal Services Limited Resources and Services Further

In 2021, due to funding cuts, 56 programs reported
reducing or eliminating legal representation by an
attorney, and 43 programs reported reducing or
eliminating court accompaniment or legal advocacy.
Lack of Transportation is a Significant Barrier that
Impacts Survivors’ Safety
Transportation costs and the inability to easily
relocate can be huge barriers to safety for survivors
Marginalize Underserved Victims
Domestic violence victims come from all walks
of life, but many survivors in marginalized or
underserved communities experience higher rates
of abuse along with greater systemic barriers to
seeking help and accessing resources. Survivors who
are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color; LGBTQ+
survivors; immigrant survivors; and survivors who
are experiencing mental illness or addiction or

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