Define Describe Relate
Hydrology by the Hydrologic Hydrologic Cycle
providing a clear Cycle and its to Real-World
and concise components all-
Examples by
detail and its inclusively; and
applying their
significance;
understanding.
Course Outline
Introduction to Hydrology
Hydrologic Cycle
• Hydrology is the science of water.
• Modern Hydrology is concerned with the distribution of
water on the surface of the Earth; its movement over and
beneath the surface, and through the atmosphere.
• Human interaction can take the form of water quantity
problems or water quality issues.
“Water is among the most essential requisites that nature
provides to sustain life for plants, animals, and humans. The
total quantity of fresh water on Earth could satisfy all the
needs of the human population if it were evenly distributed
and accessible.” – W. Stumm, 1986
• Water is the most common substance on the surface of the
Earth, with the oceans covering 70% of the planet.
• It is one of the few substances that can be found in all three
states within the Earth’s climatic change.
• Water acts as a climate ameliorator through the energy
absorbed and released during transformation between the
different phases.
• The human body is composed of around 60% water.
• In other places energy generation for domestic and industrial
consumption is through hydro-electric schemes.
• Water also plays a large part in the spiritual lives in millions
of people such as in Christianity, in Islam, in Hinduism, etc.
• Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land,
where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface
runoff.
• Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes
aquifers and some stays close to the land surface.
• Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and
comes out as freshwater springs.