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(1 + 𝑔). 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛
𝑇𝑉 =
(𝐾 − 𝑔). (1 + 𝐾)𝑛
2. Terminal value and enterprise value as calculated at the end of the business plan
+∞
𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑡 1 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛+1 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛+2
𝑇𝑉 = ∑ 𝑡
= 𝑛 [ 1
+ + ⋯]
(1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾)2
𝑡=𝑛+1
+∞ +∞
𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑡 1 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛+𝑡
𝑇𝑉 = ∑ 𝑡
= 𝑛
∑
(1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾)𝑡
𝑡=𝑛+1 𝑡=1
Notation:
𝐸𝑉′ = Enterprise Value as calculated at end of the business plan (ie as at 31/12/n)
+∞
𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑡 1
𝑇𝑉 = ∑ 𝑡
= 𝐸𝑉′
(1 + 𝐾) (1 + 𝐾)𝑛
𝑡=𝑛+1
Then:
(1 + 𝑔). 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛 (1 + 𝑔). 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛
𝐸𝑉 ′ = 𝑇𝑉. (1 + 𝐾)𝑛 = . (1 + 𝐾)𝑛
=
(𝐾 − 𝑔). (1 + 𝐾)𝑛 (𝐾 − 𝑔)
(1 + 𝑔). 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛 = 𝐸𝑉 ′ (𝐾 − 𝑔) ⇔ 𝑔. 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛 + 𝑔. 𝐸𝑉 ′ = 𝐾. 𝐸𝑉 ′ − 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛
𝐾. 𝐸𝑉 ′ − 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛
𝑔=
𝐸𝑉 ′ + 𝐹𝐶𝐹𝑛
EV’ can also be calculated based on an EBITDA or EBIT multiple. And, assuming an unchanged
market status over time, the EBTDA or EBIT multiple of the business plan’s nth year, as calculated
during this last year, is that of the current year. Then, for the performance of a valuation in 2019:
𝐸𝑉2019
𝐸𝑉 ′ = . 𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇𝐷𝐴𝑛
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇𝐷𝐴2019
1
Olivier Levyne About the perpetuity growth rate
3. Example