VAN Ae Btw alee Co principles are “objective”, absolute ETN MU eC maT am) nature of things and life, through the use of reasoned reflection. AU ML Cat Lark 0 Lea aN oR Ca Ee om LA ol knowledgeable generally to all people in all societies & cultures.STOIC’S INTERPRETATION OF THE NATURAL LAW E F NATUR 03 ATALISH 01 The belief that ethics + We can't change the way or morality must be ee Beaaues that s whet grounded on nature. * Things cannot be other than they will, in fact, be. og | ‘sta 2 THE STOIS ==) | an annuTABLE LAW Views world/ife with a attitude of "calmness" or of "serenity" on anything that | + Nothing in the world arises in universe. happens by chance. + The “Divine Spark"/ “logos spermatikos” * Everything has its own + Wisdom - to live life acc. to nature. end/purpose- a reason for its own beingTHE ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTION OF NATURAL LAW 0} 0 3 Everything that exists NET E lyme) 90-6) We can learn by nature TAMERS a Rol ML hme oa VL Uae to 10 es particular/specific forget that everything has "° Hepes bay patho fh purpose Cee eta M a UC am ce ee eCMe SR foldTHE ACORN TU EROS ese fre i ty Ce eee ime ~~ AN INTRINSIC NATURE (PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION) Self-realization / ° DYNAMIC. Actualization + The very reason or purpose of = TELEOLOGICAL anything that came to be or . SPECIFIC “the reason for being",~ARISTOTLE- "The essence of a thing is an activity, something that the thing does.” « What it does uniquely or better than the other things. “THE VERY CHARACTERISTIC THAT MAKES MAN TRULY HUMAN” « What is it that he as a human being can do better than any other thing? « What is unique only to human being that Ca MAM LAC a) ae harlem cola eve“To do what is natural according to -ARISTOTLE- our nature as rational is what is good or right.”01 ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPT OF NATURAL LAW "To ee Oo intelligence 03 "To follow nature is in suitable ways is our " ses heared to follow reason’ what it meant to be human." 04 + To follow reason is to be good. "To be moral is to * To be good is what we exercise our ought to be. Capacity to reason." + What we ought to be is the purpose and goal of human existence,ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPT OF 4.Everything nature has a NATURAL LAW Ered Pe eeu eae) eee URC Ree Rieke ae RC ce 3. Everything in nature has its proper good. 4. Something's natural purpose, ssential nature, and its proper good Seu Colmea NOLO 63 amen eae na Ck ail Law - arule of conduct _Alll beings in the world, which governs nature which governs, directs, or both animate and * a5 fea te Lael ee ae and actions of things regulates buds i Aenean earLAW AS DEFINED BY ST.THOMAS f°) The classical concept of law is one that is articulated by St. Thomas Aquinas. He defines law as " an ordinance for a reason for common good, promulgated by one who has the care of the community” (as cited in Fagothey 1967:106).To say that a law is an ordinance simply means it is a command or directive emanating from a legitimate authority. And since it is an order, “it is binding upon the subject to obey." A law, in this case, is not just a request but a command (Gualdo 2000:48)Furthermore, for something to be a law, it has to eMail M a RCo al Lh be something that any reasonable human being can agree with. It should not be something that is lod simply a product of anyone's whims and caprices, say a tyrant or a despot's unreasonable wielding of power and authority. 7 | Thus, a law to be truly considered as one, it should be a product of reason in the est sense of the termESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOR A LAW TO Ela Ch 1. It must be just. - This means 7a an sO oy a ogo) gh MAT -]AT} vets law pout no commend that a law should not contradict in what is morally wrong or evil. must aaa and orld the essence to any higher law. It inherent rights and dignity of should also be consistent within every human person. fier So @ alyus je ible of 4. It must be relatively permanent. — This SIC must De POseDIe © Tneans that a law, once established and ___ fulfilment. — enacted, should be more or less stable, This means that the people meaning. it rst De something ie j who are obliged by a law continues to be binding on the subjec’ rape unless repealed or amended with goox can follow it without reason by the legitimate authority or its extreme difficulty. proper or rightful representatives.5. It must be promulgated. — BUCA Ren oll ol followed by the subjects, must be made known or publicize to them in a language or manner that is understandable so that they can ols d Ue Lee 6. It must be directed to the common To.olo\e nad This means that a law should promote the general welfare rather than just serve a few individuals. A law that only benefits a privileged sector cannot be Rofo iCol a Tole ae eS arama sense of the word.7. It must be promulgated by one who has the care of the community. — This means that a law should be enforced or established by a competent and legitimate authority; be it a single person (president/prime minister/sultan/head of state, etc.) or group of persons, such as the city council ( local level) or the senate and congress ( in the national level).ATTRIGUTES OF THE NATURAL LAW Various authors and writers on natural law who are following the Thomistic tradition usually cite the following attributes or properties that the natural law is said to possess.ATTRIBUTES OF THE NAN 1. The natural law is obligatory. - The natural law is Pe ee a ane UR en a ere ee ee Oe eae Rs Mae ee pean attain the last end [of man] or [his ultimate] happiness. It declares to man his [moral] duty; it Ee eu Re ae on Pac ae eC oe ee ecm POR Grane Rr ma oa Ou cMeCe M Mc PoC aC eS3. The natural law has its proper sanctions. Since , as just mentioned above, natural law possesses an obligatory character, it also has its own sanctions or penalties to those who do not obey its commands CUE enna Mali ome reel 2-19 ead natural law is one law that is open to all rational beings to discover. And since the person has the natural power uM om oR i eel eee NOC MCaN CRUE ach eecuMal uals a na aie nature), he/she then can know what this law concerning his/her own being requires.5. The natural law is immutable or unchangeable. - Since the author of the natural law is God Himself, whose divine decrees emanate from His unchanging and immutable nature ( God as always God, forever and ever), His commands will always be the same as He conceived them from the very beginning in His infinite mind. The natural law will always remain as it is, not subject to any changes at anytime, anywhere (unlike human or civil laws).Tc an0e0 jE OF THE IVATHE CONTENTS OF THE NATURAL LAW Natural law moral thinkers distinguish between formal norms and material norms, as both are derived from natural law. iY) Yy"FORMAL HORNS “are those that relate to our character, that is, to what kind of a person we ought be"SOME EXAMPLE OF THIS PARTICULAR % KIND OF NORMS ARE SUCH MORAL OPERATIVES. "Do good and alma oll] "Do not be selfish, avoid evil" wish others to do proud, vain, or eet Melia you, do so to foolish" Ber ole caqi cl Me es OF THE NYKNOWLEDGE OF THE NATURAL LAW With the foregoing, it can be argued that all men have within their nature the capacity to know the contents of the natural law. No person, unless he/she has lost his/her capacity to reflect and reason "would ever think that evil should be done and good should be forbidden. That seems unthinkable and simply against human nature. It is therefore admitted that with regard to the fundamental and general moral principles of the natural law, knowledge is common to all men.BASIC Aa OMIVERSAL eae UG LEE ALGSELF-PRESERVATION OR SURVIVAL that is, man has to preserve himself in existence. 4 PROPAGATION OF GUR SPEEIES that is, to unite sexually to produce offspring for the continuance of the next = generation of the human race.TO LIVE ON PEACE AND IN NARKIONY Witt " > ¢ Ce et) rs i aa] aA Uae laXe Mlle Tn fellate ay Alte ol neo TO SEEK FOR TRUTH AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE GOOD that is, to use his will and intellect to know the truth and seek the good, including his highest good, which is eternal happiness with God.ens me) Natural law and the Church's Teachings on Contraception Premarital Sex HomosexualityNATURAL LAW AND THE Churews TeACHINES © ON CONTRACEPTION The theory of natural law ethics, as interpreted and articulated brilliantly by St. Thomas Aquinas during the Medieval period, became the central philosophical basis of Catholic morality, particularly in matters concerning sexual morality. “it is argued that the conception of a baby is the De er ea ea Ee Ry Ree CR strengthen the relationship between the couple. ea ec RC RU Ea ee RR Cn eee eg Oe rer) Sa Mere eae a (Thompson 2003:251) PRU Cee ema miter es i Renae RCL) PCNA n CMO CIC ies least be open to the possibility of conceiving a Cree cena Ns TiroleNATURAL LAW AND THE CHURCHS TEACHINES ON PREMARITAL SEX Pree teeny Poem olay et ea ar [eee ao Sere Ray Pema Pee reg a firm intention to Teena “that these type of eee Se km Sete esd Pe kd Deane) ewes Fee ey Ea re SE Re cee es aC ne Ce RSS Cen ad Bee MC Cy a aY me inc E-tea MUST be within the framework of teal aedifficulties and their inability to fit into society.. [and) their culpability will be judged with prudence.. [still]..no pastoral method can be employed which would give moral justification to these [homosexual] acts on the grounds that they would be consonant with the condition of such people. For according to the objective [natural] moral order, homosexual relations are acts which lack an essential and indispensable finality"Gen Rhus R QUESTION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONS The most common objection to The most pertinent fact is that gays are homosexuality may be that it is “unnatural.” pursuing the only kind of life that can make What should we make of this? To assess them happy. the objection, we need to know what “unnatural” means.HENMOST COMMON|OBIECTIONNTO HOMOSEXUALITY MAY BE THAT IT IS UNNATURAL First, “unnatural taken as a stati Second, the meaning of "unnatural" might be In this sense, connected to a thing's is unnatural if purpose. The parts of our don't he bodies seem to serve particular purposes. masturbation, oral sex, anal sex, sex using condoms, and even sex by women during Pregnancy, menstruation, or after menopause.There is no reason to accept these conclusions, since this way of reason is faulty. It rests on the assumption that it is wri to use parts of one's for anything other than tt natural purposes. sexuality so it must right to ertheless, \d. It station.NATURAL LAW AND THE The act of masturbation Cuurcu's TEACHINGS ON “constitutes a grave moral disorder is often called into doubt or expressly denied today" MASTURBATION RO manu nis Ue oe ee) Pe oR Troe Pea ict ue TU i fi 5elU om eT CRU Ra eos DISORDERED ACT' retA SUMMARY OF The (IAIN IDEAS OF NATURAL Law TueaRy 5. Man can know, through the use of his reason, what is in accord with his OER ean eo) Dest u UR Rc em Rec) 6. The natural laws are universal and Pe eS unchangeable, and are the basis to judge peer eee Dee ene See cio 7. Moral laws, which are based on the Fe aR SR io ecco nee eer Oem ale Rae Cla ke ae TE Rea ed SOC I aCe ia) Pec aa evilTHAT'S ALL THANK YOURESOURCES PAGE Hiseinteet rein gle g MR ORAR HA KDW