Sep. 2011. No.

82/Exploration & Production

Paper Abstracts
Preparebly: Mehdi shahhoseini Parvaneh Taherinia
Ashoori, S. Petroleum University of Technology (PUT) Khaksar Manshad, A. Persian Gulf University Tabatabaie, s.h. Islamic Azad University- Omidiyeh Masumi, M. Islamic Azad University- Omidiyeh

Application of Scaling Equation with Function of Pressure to Predict Onset of Asphaltene Precipitation of Crude Oil

Abstarct In this study, the amount of asphaltene precipitation by introducing a simple and applicable scaling equation can be determined as a function of pressure, dilution ratio and molecular weight of solvent at a constant temperature. At pressures above the bubble point, increasing the pressure of crude oil decreases the amount of asphaltene precipitation but below the bubble point, it increases. The parameters of this scaling equation have been determined by using reservoir pressure and genetic algorithm optimizing models. The most important application of this equation is to predict the onset and calculate the amount of asphaltene precipitation at different conditions. Keywords Keywords: Asphaltene, Precipitation, Onset, Scaling Equation, Genetic Algorithm, Bubble Point Pressure, Solvent

Experimental Investigation of Factors Affecting the Original Wettability of Carbonate Rocks and Wettability Alteration as a Method of EOR

Vatanparast, H., Bazdar, H. Deputy for planning and Supervision on Hydrocarbon Resource, petroleum ministry

Abstarct Altering the wettability of the carbonate reservoir rocks from oil-wet to water-wet has been gured prominently as one of the enhanced oil recovery methods in recent years. Putting the idea into practice requires a basic understanding of the wettability and the controlling factors. In this study, the inuence of the factors such as presence of polar components, electrical surface charges and the initial aqueous phase on formation of oil-wet carbonate surfaces have been investigated by measuring the contact angles in n-hexane (or n-decane)/aqueous phase/calcite systems at different compositional conditions. The results show that cleaned carbonate surface is strongly water-wet and the original wetting state of the surfaces altered to strongly oil-wet due to adsorption of polar components or deposition of organic matter onto the surface. The negatively charged components of the crude oil have a higher afnity to calcite surfaces and hence they are more effective in changing the initial wetting state of the rock. Furthermore, the effect of the cationic surfactant C12TAB and the sulfate ion concentration on wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate rocks toward water-wet condition as a method of EOR have been studied in this paper. The results show that the cationic surfactants are able to change the wetting state towards water-wetness and the potential of altering wettability increases with concentration. Study of the sulfate ion concentration in water on wetting characteristics of carbonate surfaces at two different temperatures, 20 and 80C, demonstrated that the sulfate ions could improve the wettability towards water wetness at higher temperature, and the contact angle would further decrease by increasing the concentration. Keywords Wettability, Carbonate, Contact Angle, Surfactant

Analysis the Effects of Important Parameters on Water Flooding in Oil Reservoirs Using Streamline Simulation Technique

Homayoon Afshar, F. Amirkabir University of technology Ameri, O. Sepanir Company Parvin Entezari Maleki, P. Islamic Azad University -Tehran

Abstarct Simulation through the streamline makes it possible to monitor the uid motion process in any time, which results in the better management of the reservoir and prevent spending extra charges. Simulation of water ooding using streamline simulator is the best use of this technique and helpful tool for engineering purposes. In this technique, injected uid motion can be studied and the most ideal state can be fullled. In this paper, it has been tried to show some cases that are necessary to investigate at real project (industrial project scale), by studying the effective parameters on ooding. Not to care about these parameters may cause many adverse consequences. Doing sensitivity analysis using streamline simulation is optimum and more efcient method in ooding study, particularly water ooding, while this method is very much less time-consuming compared with the other commercial dynamic simulator using conventional method, as the simulation time is very important issue during the sensitivity analysis for common simulator. Keywords Streamline simulation, Water ooding, Breakthrough time 83

Paper Abstracts

Determining the Appropriate Time to Replace Worn-Out Bit Using Real Data To Reduce Drilling Time

Mahmoudan,H.

Pars Oil and Gas Company

Abstarct Drilling operation is one of the most expensive parts in oil and gas elds development projects especially in offshore. A lot of attempts are done by drilling engineering to reduce the cost of drilling time. A lot of factors are considered in modication of drilling time such as selecting suitable drilling rig, preparing a good drilling program, designing proper BHA, etc. one of these factors is to determine suitable time for changing a used drilling bit to minimize bit change trips and reduce in bit and rig costs. In this study calculation of bit performance based on economical consideration and its advantage is explained and then a real case is reviewed. This case study shows that usual method for evaluating bit performance based on ROP. In some cases results show changing a used bit and as a result increasing drilling time and wasting money, and on the other hand, using engineering calculation can help drilling supervisors to make faster actions and more accurate decision for determining bit change time. In the case reviewed in this study, not using economical calculations results in almost thirty hours delay in making a decision for changing the bit. So it shows that in each well of the project with length around 4000 m that usually uses ten bit, more attention to bit performance can lead up to some days reduction in drilling time which in turn cases thousands of dollar reduction in cost. Keywords Drilling operation, Drilling bit, ROP, Bit performance, Changing used bit, Economical consideration

Cementation Factor- Porosity Relationship from Core Analysis Results Comparison with Shell and Borai Equations at Dolomitic Reservoir in the Zagros, Iran

Rostami, A. Exploration Directorate, NIOC Hasani Give, M. Exploration Directorate, NIOC

Abstarct Water saturation (Sw) is one of the most important parameter in hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation which is commonly computed from Archie equation. The cementation factor (m) has a vital character in this formula, so that small changes in m lead to signicant differences in Sw. The m value is a highly variable and depends on the porosity (), pore type, permeability, rock fabric, formation water salinity and so on. Therefore insert a constant value (i.e.2) in Archie formula will cause an incorrect Sw. In this study in order to investigate the m- relationship, a total number of 27 samples were selected from one of dolomitic reservoir in two different elds in South West of Iran (Zagros Basin). The data was classied into 3 groups based on porosity-permeability as proposed by Lucia. The F and values were plotted on a log-log scale to obtain mean value of m. Also, trends of vs. m compared for actual data and calculated one from Shell and Borai equations. The trends show an increase of m with increase of in actual data and Borai equation, whereas Shell equation shows an opposite behavior, especially in low porosity range (<%10). As a result, based on obtained regressions formulae provided by m- plots, a new equation is presented. Applying computed m value from this new equation in similar cases will minimize the error in Sw calculation. Keywords Cementation factor, Archie equation , Porosity, pore type, Zagros Basin

Lower Paleozoic Petroleum System Modeling in South Zagros and Persian Gulf

Salehi Rad, S. Islamic Azad University -Tehran Sherkati, S. Exploration Directorate, NIOC

Abstarct The Paleozoic Sediments are noteworthy for many of probers to research in Arabian Plate during last decades. Signicant values of Oil and Gas in this area were generated from Silurian Organic rich shale. The petroleum system was modeled by common softwares (like PetroMod and Genex) in Saudi Arabia and determined maturity proportion of source rock in various locations. We used Geological data of three Wells drilled in Persian Gulf for modeling by PetroMod-1D software the petroleum system of paleozoic, and need to notify, just one of these wells was penetrated to Silurian Shale (Sarchahan Formation). Results of this study show Silurian Shale increases in maturity trend from Saudi Arabia to Iran. Gas window maturity in Persian Gulf and over-mature in some parts of Zagros Basin are recognized for this shale. In Persian Gulf basin, presences of paleohighs, in basement caused different burial depth for source rock, which inuenced its maturity compare to the general trend of the region. Keywords Paleozoic, Petroleum System Modeling, Persian Gulf, Zagros, Sarchahan Shale, Silurian, Source Rock Maturity, Paleohigh 84