Cloud Computing

Lab Assignment - 01
Cloud Computing Terminologies

Name : Yashwanth A Doddegowda

Rollno : 2021BCS0142

1. Cloud Computing - Definition:

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources (servers, storage,

databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence) over the internet ("the
cloud"). It offers flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for individuals and
businesses.

NSIT Definition : Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient,

on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing:

● On-demand self-service: Users can provision and manage resources without

human intervention.
● Broad network access: Resources are accessible from anywhere with an
internet connection.
● Resource pooling: Resources are shared among multiple users, providing
economies of scale.
● Measured service: Usage is metered and users pay only for what they use.
● Rapid elasticity: Resources can be provisioned and deprovisioned quickly to
meet changing demands.
● High availability: Services are designed to be fault-tolerant and highly
available.

3. Distributed Computing:

Distributed computing involves dividing tasks or workloads among multiple

computers connected over a network. This allows for parallel processing and faster
completion of complex tasks. Different from the traditional parallel processing in a
single computer but it does provide a similar result.

4. Peer-to-Peer Computing:

In peer-to-peer computing, devices directly share resources (storage, processing

power) without relying on a central server. This can be efficient for specific tasks but
may lack central management and security.

5. Cluster Computing:

Cluster computing connects multiple high-performance computers to work on a

single task, significantly boosting processing power for demanding workloads like
scientific simulations.

6. Grid Computing:

Grid computing harnesses the processing power of geographically dispersed

computers to solve large-scale problems, often in scientific research or distributed
rendering.

7. Utility Computing:

Utility computing treats computing resources like electricity or water, where users
pay for what they use based on meter readings, promoting resource optimization
and cost control.

8. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

SOA is a design approach for building software systems as a collection of loosely

coupled services that communicate with each other through standardized
interfaces. This enables flexibility and scalability in cloud applications.

9. Web 2.0:

Web 2.0 refers to the evolution of the web to a more interactive and user-generated
content-driven platform, emphasizing social networking and collaboration. Cloud
computing empowers various Web 2.0 applications and services.

10. Cloud Deployment Types:

 ● Public Cloud: Resources are shared among multiple organizations and offered
by vendors like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud
Platform.
● Private Cloud: Resources are dedicated to a single organization and offer
greater control and security.
● Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private cloud resources for increased
flexibility and scalability.

11. Private vs. Public Cloud:

Feature Private Cloud Public Cloud

Control High Limited

Security Greater Shared

responsibility with
provider

Cost Higher upfront Pay-as-you-go

investment pricing

Scalability Flexible, but limited Highly scalable

by physical and elastic
infrastructure

Examples Microsoft Azure AWS, Microsoft

Stack, VMware Azure, Google
Cloud Foundation Cloud Platform

12. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

IaaS provides the basic building blocks of cloud computing (servers, storage,
networking) as virtualized resources that users can manage and deploy their own
operating systems and applications on. Examples of IaaS providers include AWS EC2,
Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines, and Google Cloud Compute Engine.
13. Platform as a Service (PaaS):

PaaS provides a platform with pre-configured operating systems, programming

languages, databases, and development tools for building and deploying cloud
applications without managing the underlying infrastructure. Examples of PaaS
providers include AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Microsoft Azure App Service, and Google
App Engine.

14. Software as a Service (SaaS):

SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, eliminating the need for
installation and maintenance on individual devices. Users access the software
through a web browser or mobile app. Examples of SaaS providers include
Salesforce, Dropbox, and Google Workspace.

15. Elasticity:

The ability of cloud resources to be provisioned and deprovisioned quickly to meet

changing demands, allowing you to scale up or down as needed.

16. Multitenancy:

Sharing cloud resources among multiple users or tenants in a secure and isolated
manner. Each tenant's data and applications remain separate even though they
share the underlying infrastructure.

17. Horizontal & Vertical Scaling:

Horizontal scaling:Adding or removing computing instances (servers) to adjust

processing power without modifying existing instances.
Vertical scaling: Modifying resources (CPU, memory, storage) within an existing
instance to enhance its capabilities.

18. Dynamic Provisioning:

The automatic allocation and configuration of cloud resources based on

pre-defined policies or application demand, optimizing resource utilization and cost.

19. Virtualization:

The creation of virtual machines (VMs) that share physical hardware resources,
allowing multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical
machine, effectively increasing utilization and isolation.

20. CPU Virtualization:

Sharing a single physical CPU among multiple VMs by creating virtual CPUs (vCPUs)
that each VM can access based on its needs.

21. Memory Virtualization:

Sharing a physical memory resource among multiple VMs by creating virtual

memory spaces, allowing each VM to have its own dedicated memory environment
within the shared pool.

22. Virtual Machine:

A software implementation that emulates a physical computer system with its own
CPU, memory, storage, and operating system, running independently within a host
machine.

23. Hypervisor (VMM) - Definition and Example:

A hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Manager (VMM), is the software that creates,

manages, and runs virtual machines on a physical host machine. Examples of
hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, and KVM (Kernel-based Virtual
Machine).

24. Virtualisation Tools - Example and most used list:

Virtualization tools allow users to create, manage, and interact with virtual machines.
Some popular options include:

VMware vSphere/ESXi: Enterprise-grade hypervisor for managing large virtual

environments.
VirtualBox: Free and open-source hypervisor for personal and educational use.
QEMU/KVM: Open-source virtualization technology commonly used in Linux
environments.
Hyper-V: Built-in hypervisor in Windows Server operating systems.
Proxmox VE: Open-source virtualization platform based on KVM.
25. VirtualBox - what and purpose:

VirtualBox is a free and open-source hypervisor for personal and educational use. It
allows users to create, manage, and run virtual machines on their computers,
enabling them to test new operating systems, software, and configurations without
affecting their main system.

26. VMWare Vsphere/ESXi - what and purpose:

VMware vSphere/ESXi is a popular enterprise-grade hypervisor for managing large

virtual environments in data centers. It offers advanced features for security,
scalability, and automation, making it ideal for deploying and managing cloud
infrastructure.

27. Openstack - what and purpose:

Openstack is an open-source cloud computing platform that allows users to create

and manage private or hybrid clouds. It provides a platform as a service (PaaS) that
includes services for compute, storage, networking, and orchestration.

28. Opennebula - what and purpose:

Opennebula is another open-source cloud computing platform similar to Openstack

but with a focus on simplicity and ease of deployment. It provides a web-based
interface for managing virtual machines, storage, and networks.

29. Kubernetes:

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the

deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It is widely
used in cloud environments to manage containerized microservices architectures.

30. Dockers:

Docker is a tool for creating and deploying software applications in standardized

units called containers. These containers package code and its dependencies
together, making them portable and platform-independent, ideal for cloud
deployments.
References

● https://quizlet.com/145069686/the-national-institute-of-standards-and-tech
nology-nist-definition-of-cloud-computing-flash-cards/
● https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-glossary-cloud-terminology
● https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/
● https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/cloud-computing-basics
● https://www.coursera.org/learn/cloud-computing
● https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/lucidchart-cloud-insights
● https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary.html
● https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/glossary/Virtualization
● https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary.html
● https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/index.html
● https://www.docker.com/
● https://www.simplilearn.com/top-cloud-computing-terms-article