Cloud Computing

Spring- 2020

sadiakhan4422@gmail.com
 Cloud Computing
Outline
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing Architecture

 Service Management in Cloud Computing

 Resource Management in Cloud Computing

 Data Management in Cloud Computing

 Cloud Security
 Research trends in Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing
Outline
 Introduction to Cloud Computing
 Overview of Computing
 Cloud Computing (NIST Model)
 Characteristics & Advantages and Disadvantages
 Role of Open Standards
 Cloud Computing Architecture
 Cloud computing stack
 Service Models
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Software as a service (SaaS)
 Deployment Models
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Cloud Computing
Outline
 Service Management in Cloud Computing
 Service Level Agreements(SLAs)
 Cloud Economics
 Resource Management in Cloud Computing
 Optimal management of recourses
 Data Management in Cloud Computing
 Looking at Data, Scalability & Cloud Services
 Database & Data Stores in Cloud
 Large Scale Data Processing
 Cloud Security
 Infrastructure Security
 Data Security and Storage
 Identity and Access Management
 Access Control, Trust, Reputation, Risk
Tasks
 Assignments/Quizs
 One assignment from each functional area
 Research Paper (Reading Assignments)
 Survey paper
 Select research paper from each functional area
 Possibilities
 Paper writing; could be survey paper etc
 Presentation
 Case Study
 Cloud Computing
NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology
defines computing as:

“Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-

demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction.

This is exactly the pay-per-use or Pay as you go Model

This cloud model promotes availability
Trends in Computing
 Different computing trends evolve as per the
requirements of community.
 Has own advantages and disadvantages
 Everyone has different aspect
 Distributed Computing
 Grid Computing
 Cluster Computing
 Utility Computing
 Cloud Computing
 New born baby or integration of previous computing?
COMP4690, by Dr Xiaowen Chu, HKBU
Distributed Computing/Systems
 Different systems distributed over particular
geographical space. Network link is an important
aspect in context of availability.
 Distributed Computing
 Field of Computing science that studies the distributed system
 Use of distributed systems to solve computational problems

 Distributed System(Wikipedia)
 There are several autonomous computational entities, each of
which has its own local memory

 Entities communicate with each other by message passing

over backbone communication network
Distributed Computing/Systems
 Distributed System (operating System Concept)
 There are several processors communicate with each other
by various communication lines such as high-speed busses or
telephone lines.
 Each has its own local memory

 Examples:
 ATM (Bank) Machines
 Intranets/ Workgroups
Computers in Distributed System

 Workstations:
 Computers used by end-users to perform Computing.
 Server Systems:
 Computers which provide resources and services.

 Personal Assistance Devices:

 Handheld computers connected to the system via a wireless
communication link.
 Grid Computing
“Grid computing enables the virtualization of distributed
computing and data resources such as processing,
network bandwidth and storage capacity to create a single
system image, granting users and applications whole
access to vast IT capabilities”
 Utility Computing
 Utility computing is purely a concept which cloud
computing practically implements.

 Utility computing is a service provisioning in which a

service provider makes computing resources and
infrastructure management available to the customer
as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather
than a flat rate.
 This approach sometimes known as pay-per-use or
Pay as you go Model
 WE are not concern with how power is generated or
reached to home. Our only concerned is metered
service. Another example Telecom services.
 Essential Characteristics
 On-demand self-service: (Service On demand)

 Broad network access

 Resource polling

 Rapid elasticity

 Measured service
 Essential Characteristics
 On-demand self-service: (Service On demand)
 a consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities
as needed automatically without human interaction with the
service provider.
 Using web-based self-service portal (management console).
 computing capabilities
 server time, network storage, number of servers etc.
 Broad network access: Should have appropriate access
owing to the distributed resources.
 capabilities are

– available over the network and accessed through standard

mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick
client platforms (mobile phone, tablets, workstations etc)
 Essential Characteristics
 Resource pooling:
 The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using multi-tenant model, with different physical and
virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand.
 computing resources
– storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth and
virtual machines.
 location independence
– no control over the exact location of the resources
 has major implications
– performance, scalability, security.
 Essential Characteristics
 Measured service: Pay what I have use…
 Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource
use by influencing a metering capability at some level of
abstractions appropriate to the type of service (i.e. storage,
processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts )

 Resource usage
 Can be monitored, control and reported, providing transparency for
both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
 Essential Characteristics
 Rapid elasticity:
 capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned and
released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly
outward and inward appropriate with demand.

 To the consumer, the capabilities available for

provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be taken in
any quantity at any time.
 Example:
 For running a simulation you need 4GB RAM, however you
realize there is more LOAD due to some applications and you
need 8GB RAM; rapid elasticity will work.
 Delivery models
Software as a Service (SaaS) Deployment models
Platform as a Service (PaaS) Public cloud

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Private cloud

Community cloud
Hybrid cloud

Cloud computing
Infrastructure
Distributed infrastructure
Defining attributes
Resource virtualization
Massive infrastructure
Autonomous systems
Utility computing. Pay-per-usage
Resources
Accessible via the Internet
Compute & storage servers
Networks Services Elasticity

Applications
 Cloud Services Models
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS ):
 The capability provided to the consumer is to use the
provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure.

 The applications are accessible from the various client

devices through either a thin client interface, such as web
browser(e.g. web-based-email).

 The consumer doesn't manage or control the underlying cloud

infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems,
storage, or even individual applications, with the possible
exception limited user-specific application configuration
settings.
 e.g: google spreadsheet
 Word processing/Latex
 Cloud Services Models
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS ):
 Cloud Services Models
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS ):
 Cloud Services Models
 Net Native Applications
Cloud Services Models
 Cloud Services Models
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS ): realize some
Infrastructure at your end.

 Realize a machine of particular specifications(H/w, RAM,

Processing) on your desk.

 the consumer can deploy on to the cloud infrastructure and

run arbitrary software.

 e.g: Amazon Web Services

 Variable infrastructure for variable load

Cloud Services Models
Cloud Services Models
 Cloud Services Models
 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS ): provide a platform for
development work.
 The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the
cloud infrastructure consumer-created or developed
applications using programming languages, libraries,
services, and tools supported by the provider.

 The consumer doesn't manage or control the underlying cloud

infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems,
storage,
 but has control over the deployed applications and possibly
configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.
Cloud Services Models
Cloud Services Models
Cloud Services Models
Types of clouds(Deployment Models)
 Public Cloud - the cloud infrastructure is made available to
the general public or a large industry group and is owned by
the organization selling cloud services.
 Could be SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
 IaaS: Amazon cloud as infrastructure (EC2)
 PaaS: Microsoft Azure as Platform
 Saas: Google as Services
e.g: Google Doc, Spreadsheet
 Private Cloud ( Build a cloud and use it)
 – the cloud infrastructure is operated only for an
organization.
e.g: Window Server 32
Types of clouds(Deployment Models)
 Community Cloud - the cloud infrastructure is shared by
several organizations and supports a community that has
shared concerns.
 Banks cloud
 HEC Cloud

 Hybrid Cloud - the cloud infrastructure is a composition of

two or more clouds (public, private, or community) as
unique entities but bound by standardized technology that
enables data and application portability.

33
 Virtualization
Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single
physical instance of an application or resource among
multiple organizations or tenants (customers)..

Virtualization is the process of creating a logical(virtual)

version of a server operating system, a storage device, or
network services.

The technology that work behind virtualization is known as a

virtual machine monitor(VM), or virtual manager which
separates compute environments from the actual physical
infrastructure.
 Concept behind the Virtualization

Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system

and hardware.

• Host machine: The machine on which the virtual machine

is created.

• Guest machine: virtual machines referred as a guest

machine.

• Hypervisor: Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program

that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager.
ARCHITECTURE OF VITUALIZATION
 Types of Virtualization

1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.
 1. Hardware Virtualization

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware
system is known as hardware virtualization.

• The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitor the

processor, memory and other hardware resources.

Usage:
• Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server
platforms, because controlling virtual machines is much
easier than controlling a physical server.
Hardware Virtualization
 2. Operating System Virtualization

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating system
instead of directly on the hardware system is known as
operating system virtualization.

Usage:
• Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing
the applications on different platforms of OS.
Operating System Virtualization
 3. Server Virtualization

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system
is known as server virtualization.

Usage:
• Server virtualization is done because a single physical
server can be divided into multiple servers on the
demand basis and for balancing the load.
Server Virtualization
 4. Storage Virtualization

• Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the

physical storage from multiple network storage devices
so that it looks like a single storage device.

• Storage virtualization is also implemented by using

software applications.

Usage:

• Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and

recovery purposes.
 Cloud vs Virtualization

• Cloud computer is internet based computing where as

virtual shared provide Software, Infrastructure, platform.

• Virtualized
• API
• Pay-as-per-use
• Scalability

Virtualization can exist without the cloud but cloud computing

cannot exist without virtualization.
 Advantages of Virtualization

1. Reduced Costs.
2. Efficient hardware Utilization.
3. Virtualization leads to better resource Utilization and
increase performance
4. Testing for software development.
5. Increase Availability
6. Save energy
7. Shifting all your Local Infrastructure to Cloud in a day
8. Possibility to Divide Services
9. Running application not supported by the host.
 Disadvantages of Virtualization

1. Extra Costs.

2. Software Licensing.