Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ASSESSMENT
the history
its philosophy
the legislation
the procedure
case examples
Environmental Impact Assessment
the history
its philosophy
the legislation
the procedure
case examples
Environmental Impact Assessment
Continued after the Second World War giving rise to concerns for pollution,
quality of life and environmental stress.
As a result of this, pressure groups formed with the aim of getting a tool
that can be used to safeguard the environment in any development.
Environmental Impact Assessment
First introduced in USA
A description of the proposed action, its purpose, and description of the environment
affected
The relationship to land use plans, policies, and controls for the affected areas;
NEPA (USA, 1971)
The probable environmental impacts, positive and negative, direct and indirect, and
possible international implications;
A discussion of alternatives;
The probable negative impacts that cannot be avoided or mitigated; The relationship
between local and short-term use and long-term considerations;
EUROPEAN IMPLEMENTATION
The EIA should identify, describe and assess the direct and
indirect effects of a project on the following factors:
Mandatory assessment:
Optional
agriculture food industry
extractive industry textile, leather, wood and paper
energy industry rubber industry
processing of metals infrastructure projects
the history
its philosophy
the legislation
the procedure
case examples
Environmental Impact Assessment
the history
its philosophy
the legislation
the procedure
case examples
EIA NOTIFICATION 2006
the history
its philosophy
the legislation
the procedure
case examples
Stages of EIA
Screening (does the project Impact assessment
require EIA?) (interpreting the impacts)
e.g. different locations, scales, designs & even the raw materials
Impact Prediction
Direction
Short-term & long-term
impacts Spatial extent
Duration
Adverse & beneficial
impacts Frequency
Reversibility
Cumulative impacts
Probability
Mitigation
To authorities:
Decision making;
An opportunity to be heard;
To developers:
Ad hoc
Checklists
Matrices
Networks
Overlays (GIS)
Ad hoc Method
useful when time constraints and lack of information require
that the EIA must rely exclusively on expert opinion
Experts opinion
Reduction in Fishing
Activity
CHANGING QUAL IT Y CHANGING QUAL IT Y
OF LIFE FOR W IL DLIFE OF TOURISM
Lo ss o f Ha bi t at Inc re a se d Inc i de nt s
b et we en Lo ss o f Na t ural
Wi ld l ife & Peo p le Wi ld e rn ess Val u e
To o sma ll an area
for an im al nu mb ers
Ne w Ro a d
De ma nd fo r Ex pa n si o n of Mo re Ai rcraft Mo re & Bri dg e a t Ol d
Mo re Mo re
Cu rio s Ra fti n g Jet t ie s & Ho t el s/C amp s Fly in g Ove r Mo to r Dri ft / Za mb ez i
Inc re a se d & To uri st Fa c il i ti e s Fal ls & To wn Ve hi c le s Na t io na l Park
Li c en ce s Bo at Li c en ce s
Inc re a se d Vi si to r Numb e rs
Advantages
maps are commonly available
Excellent for showing spatial dimension and
location of impacts
Most useful for assessing alternative routes for
linear developments, e.g. pipelines, roads,
transmission lines
Disadvantages
Less successful with timing, reversibility, and
probability of impacts
Sharp boundary definitions can be misleading