Past Trends and Future Directions in Green Human Resource Management and Green Innovation: A Bibliometric Analysis

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Past Trends and Future Directions in Green Human Resource Management and
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sustainability
Article
Past Trends and Future Directions in Green Human Resource
Management and Green Innovation: A Bibliometric Analysis
Asra Faheem 1 , Zubair Nawaz 1, * , Masood Ahmed 2 , Hossam Haddad 3,4 and Nidal Mahmoud Al-Ramahi 3,4
1 Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
asrafaheem50@gmail.com
2 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan; masood.ahmed@uokajk.edu.pk
3 Business Faculty, Zarqa University, Zarqa 11831, Jordan; hhaddad@zu.edu.jo (H.H.);
ramahinedal@zu.edu.jo (N.M.A.-R.)
4 College of Business Administration, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21448, Saudi Arabia
* Correspondence: zubair.hust@outlook.com
Abstract: Global environmental concerns have prompted organizations to adopt green human
resource management practices that will eventually lead to green innovations. Given that under-
standing, this study aims to converge multidimensional research published on green human resource
management (GHRM) and green innovation. In addition, it seeks to discuss the topic’s research
trends in the context of what, how, when, where, and by whom. The data were retrieved from the
Scopus database (until March 2023), and VOSviewer was used to investigate the research trends.
A total of 312 documents were extracted from the Scopus database, and 46 published articles were
finalized using the PRISMA flow approach. The results indicate that there has been an upward trend
in terms of published articles on the topic, and the highest number of articles (15) were published
in the current year, 2023. The co-occurrence results indicate that GHRM is strongly associated with
environmental performance and green innovation. The journals Environmental Science and Pollution
Research and Sustainability (Switzerland) stand out in this domain. The Abu Dhabi University of United
Citation: Faheem, A.; Nawaz, Z.; Arab Emirates is the most cited institution, whereas Saudi Arabia has the highest co-authorship at the
Ahmed, M.; Haddad, H.; Al-Ramahi,
country level. Furthermore, this study summarizes the major developments in this research domain
N.M. Past Trends and Future
and suggests research gaps and possible future directions.
Directions in Green Human Resource
Management and Green Innovation:
Keywords: green human resource management; GHRM; green innovation; bibliometric analysis
A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability
2024, 16, 133. https://doi.org/
10.3390/su16010133
Academic Editors: George Saridakis, 1. Introduction

Bochra Idris, Yazid Abubakar
At present, organizations are concerned about environmental challenges and seeking
Abdullahi and Sandra Sookram
sustainable resources for business development. Sustainable resources not only provide a
Received: 23 September 2023 competitive edge to organizations but are also linked to social and societal well-being [1].
Revised: 5 December 2023 The increased pressure from society and external stakeholders has led organizations to opt
Accepted: 7 December 2023 for green human resource management (GHRM) as a strategic tool to achieve sustainable
Published: 22 December 2023 goals in the long run [2]. Studies show that GHRM has a positive impact on the green
behavioral outcomes of employees, which ultimately lead toward better environmental,
social, financial, and innovation performance [3]. As a result, GHRM reflects an organiza-
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
tion’s strategic focus on environmental preservation and enables top decision-makers to
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
pay attention to practices that encourage individuals to engage in green activities in order
This article is an open access article
to lessen the environmental harm [4]. Consequently, green human resource management
distributed under the terms and practices are becoming important for organizations to be sustainable and competitive in
conditions of the Creative Commons the market [5].
Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// Green human resource management refers to the use of HRM practices to support
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ environmental sustainability goals within the organization; green HRM practices cover the
4.0/).
Sustainability 2024, 16, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010133 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Sustainability 2024, 16, 133 2 of 20
aspects of green recruitment and selection, training and development, rewards and com-
pensation, and performance management systems [6]. These mentioned aspects of GHRM
motivate employees to participate in activities related to the sustainable development of
the organization [7]. Such green activities will help the organization obtain an attractive
green image with enhanced environmental performance [8]. By indulging in such green
activities through the implementation of GHRM, employees will be able to come up with
creative solutions to environment-related issues, leading to green innovations.
Past studies have highlighted the relationship between GHRM and green innovation.
Organizations that implement GHRM practices are better able to innovate products and
processes that cause the least harm to the environment [9–11]. Green innovation refers
to creative ideas for developing eco-friendly products and processes by adopting green
activities, using eco-friendly raw materials, aiming at environmentally friendly policies that
can reduce harmful environmental emissions, and reducing the use of resources (electricity,
water, gas, fuels, and other raw materials) [12].
Green hiring recruits employees who are concerned with environmental issues and
have the required knowledge and competencies to solve environment-related issues [11].
Likewise, green training enables employees to acquire the required knowledge, skills, and
competencies for green innovation. As a result, they come forward with novel ideas to
innovate products and processes that are eco-friendly [13]. Studies suggest that organi-
zations focusing on green innovations are better able to achieve enhanced environmental
and organizational performance in the long run [14]. Green innovation has now become a
significant strategic tool for organizations and might be portrayed as a blend of information
and abilities to develop products and services with the least harm to the environment [15].
Carbon emissions, global warming, and climate change are currently the most topical
issues all over the world, and businesses are adopting modern and innovative solutions [16].
Organizations are now examining the role of GHRM in bringing green innovation to re-
duce carbon footprints and other hazardous emissions that are detrimental to the environ-
ment [17]. Organizations are keen to devote more resources to research on new technologies
to mitigate the effects of environmental degradation by developing products that are less
harmful to the ecosystem [18].
In light of the above discussion, past studies have proven the positive role of GHRM
in bringing these innovations related to sustainability [19–21]. In this regard, this study
applies a bibliometric approach to investigate the relationship between GHRM and green
innovation in the published literature. The main objective of this study is to map the
historical trends that serve as a foundation for building future research agendas for re-
searchers and policymakers. It aids in identifying significant research gaps, which can
be crucial for further investigation. In the past, researchers have applied a bibliometric
analysis to GHRM, but there exists a research gap in investigating the trends between
GHRM and green innovation. This study aims to answer the following questions using the
bibliometric approach:
1. What are the past and current trends in the published literature on GHRM and
green innovation regarding different journals, citations, geographical distribution,
authorship, and bibliographic coupling analysis?
2. What are the identified research gaps in the respective domains determined through
co-occurrence analysis of keywords?
The answers to the above questions are important for providing an overview of
the past, present, and future research on the topic of GHRM and its impact on green
innovations. Further, they will enable researchers to develop a comprehension of all of
the major developments in the research domain and identify possible research gaps for
future studies. Moreover, researchers can follow the work of leading scholars, focus on top
journals, and link the keywords/variables to address research gaps. Bibliometric analysis
highlights the research–knowledge bases during various time stages, research hotspots and
specifically inter-disciplinary research domains.
This study contributes in several ways; firstly, the study summarized the contribu-
tions of different authors, countries, institutions, and journals on publishing the literature
on the given topic through different analyses, i.e., citation, co-authorship, institutional
reference, geographical distribution, and yearly journal publication trends. Secondly, the
keywords analysis serves as a source of gap identification for future researchers. A high
frequency of keywords depicts the current trends in the literature, whereas a low frequency
of keywords shows the potential for future investigation. Thirdly, the citation analysis
of articles, institutions, and documents helps scholars to identify the impact of highly
cited articles. The commonly cited publications also reflect the study field’s mainstream
and serve as the knowledge base for future research. Further, the trends in the topic of
driving green innovations through GHRM will help scholars include various analytical
perspectives combined with scientific knowledge in their research, which will serve as a
base for organizational decision makers. Lastly, the bibliographic coupling analysis will
guide future researchers regarding the strong inter- and intra-connectivity of the groups to
interpret which topics and research trends are mostly referred to. The dominance of the
cluster emphasizes the importance of current research trends being followed in the given
domain, and the connectivity of the topics or ideas will help readers to assess the similarity
between the articles.
2. Materials and Methods

To conduct bibliometric analysis, the study relies on (1) the Scopus database for data
retrieval, (2) the PRISMA approach for data screening and (3) Vosviewer software version
1.6.18 for performing the analyses.
2.1. Database for Retrieving Articles

Data were extracted from Scopus, a well-reputed database known for quality journals.
According to Gaurav et al. [22], Scopus is a profoundly solid database as it covers a broad
scope of distributed material in different spaces. Moreover, it provides extensive details of
authors, references, authors, affiliations, journals, countries, years of distribution, and so
forth, which empowers us to perform bibliometric examination [23].
Certain keywords were entered to obtain the desired data for analysis. The criteria for
searching different articles play a crucial role in data extraction. As this paper is intended
to investigate the relationship trends between GHRM and green innovation, the following
search string was applied:
• Scopus TITLE-ABS-KEY ((Green AND Human AND Resource AND Management)
AND (Green AND Innovation)) Data Extraction date 10 April 2023. These keywords
helped in the extraction of 312 documents altogether from 2014 to 2023. Although
the term GHRM was present in the literature before the year 2014, and a few studies
even highlighted its positive organizational outcomes [6], there is no prior literature
available on GHRM leading to green innovation. A large portion of them were
published articles alongside conference papers, review papers, and book chapters, and
the rest were blanks.
2.2. Technique Used for Filtering out Data

The PRISMA approach is widely recommended for the screening process of the
data. It consists of 3 steps as described in Figure 1: identification, screening of data for
exclusion and lastly the inclusion of the final material required for the review. In the
first step, identification, the Scopus database provided 312 articles in total. At this stage,
before screening, 5 articles were removed, as the file had some blanks in it, which could
lead to misinformation in the future. Based on the search query, the Scopus database
provided data of articles including the query keywords anywhere in the title and abstract.
It is imperative that keywords should be used in the intended context. Therefore, in the
second step, 258 records were eliminated after careful reading of the titles and abstracts.
For screening purposes, we particularly referred to GHRM as the “Set of policies and
Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW

records were eliminated after careful reading of the titles and abstracts. For screenin
poses, we particularly referred to GHRM as the “Set of policies and practices aim
wards achieving green organizational objectives and developing green employee
practices aimed towards achieving green organizational objectives and developing green
iour” [3]. Accordingly, green innovation is referred to as the “Development of new
employee behaviour” [3]. Accordingly, green innovation is referred to as the “Development
ucts and processes which reduce environmental impact” [21]. We retrieved a tota
of new products and processes which reduce environmental impact” [21]. We retrieved
articles that addressed the relation between GHRM and green innovation. We s
a total of 49 articles that addressed the relation between GHRM and green innovation.
only those articles in which GHRM was linked with green innovations or HRM pr
We selected only those articles in which GHRM was linked with green innovations or
(recruitment, selection, hiring, training, performance appraisals) or had some linkag
HRM practices (recruitment, selection, hiring, training, performance appraisals) or had
the sustainability domain and led to green innovations. Out of these 49 retrieved a
some linkage with the sustainability domain and led to green innovations. Out of these
three were further removed, as one of them was a conference paper and the rem
49 retrieved articles, three were further removed, as one of them was a conference paper
two were review papers. At the final stage, 46 published articles were selected for an
and the remaining two were review papers. At the final stage, 46 published articles were
There are
selected for analysis. no set
There are guidelines availableavailable
no set guidelines for the sample
for the sufficiency criteria; howeve
sample sufficiency
studies have shown that even a sample size of less than 50 articles
criteria; however, past studies have shown that even a sample size of less than 50 articles is acceptable in
metric analysis [24,25]. The PRISMA approach helps researchers
is acceptable in bibliometric analysis [24,25]. The PRISMA approach helps researchers to eliminate
to irre
information so that the findings provide focused insights. Thus,
eliminate irrelevant information so that the findings provide focused insights. Thus, the the sample size
study
sample size of this waswas
study sufficient for the
sufficient bibliometric
for the analysis
bibliometric analysis
Figure 1. PRISMA Approach for Screening Data.

Figure 1. PRISMA Approach for Screening Data.
2.3. Software Used for Analysis
VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18) was used to run the bibliographic analysis. This
software was selected because of its user-friendly interface and attractive visual representa-
Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 21
Sustainability 2024, 16, 133

2.3. Software Used for Analysis
5 of 20
VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18) was used to run the bibliographic analysis. This
software was selected because of its user-friendly interface and attractive visual representa-
tionof
tion ofthe
theresults.
results. It
It helps
helps to
to run
run different
different analyses,
analyses, to
to know
know the
the impactful
impactful authors,
authors, number
number
of citations, major countries contributing in the given domain, major institutes
of citations, major countries contributing in the given domain, major institutes working in working in
this field, bibliographic coupling analysis, and major documents co-authored.
this field, bibliographic coupling analysis, and major documents co-authored. The network The network
imageshelp
images help us
us to
to better
better understand
understand the
the trends
trends and
and analysis
analysis by
by showing
showing links
links among
among items.
items.
Additionally,VOSviewer
Additionally, VOSviewer can can better
better examine
examine the
the bibliographic
bibliographic pointers
pointersmore
moreefficiently.
efficiently.
3. Results
3. Results
3.1.
3.1. Yearly
Yearly Publication
Publication and
and Citation
CitationTrends
Trends
Figure
Figure 22 shows
shows the
the yearly
yearly publication
publication trends
trends for
for articles
articles extracted
extracted from
from the
the Scopus
Scopus
Database. The graph is somewhat linear, with small variations from 2014
Database. The graph is somewhat linear, with small variations from 2014 to 2019; to 2019; however,
how-
from
ever,2020
fromto2020
March 2023, it2023,
to March shows a rapida increase
it shows in the in
rapid increase number of publications.
the number of publications.
Publications
20
15
10
0
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Figure2.
Figure 2. Yearly
Yearly Publication
Publicationof
ofArticles.
Articles.
Out of
Out of these
these 46
46 published
published articles,
articles, 15
15 were
were published
published inin 2023,
2023, which
which is is the
the highest
highest
number
number of of publications
publications in
in aa year.
year. Table
Table 11 shows
shows the
the yearly
yearly citation
citation trend;
trend; itit can
can be
be seen
seen
that articles published in the year 2020 received the highest number of citations
that articles published in the year 2020 received the highest number of citations (n = (n = 705).
Although
Although thethe maximum number
number of ofarticles
articleswere
werepublished
publishedinin2023,
2023, they
they havehavenotnot
yetyet
re-
received
ceived thethemaximum
maximumnumber
numberofofcitations.
citations.
Table1.1.Yearly
Table YearlyCitation
Citationof
ofArticles.
Articles.
Year
Year Citation Received
Citation Received
2023
2023 13
13
2022
2022 55
55
2021 229
2021 229
2020 705
2020
2019 705
412
2019
2018 412
114
2017
2018 10
114
2016
2017 60
10
2015 0
2016
2014 60
98
2015 0
2014 98
3.2. Journal Publication Trends
Table 2 shows that a total of 44.68% of the reviewed articles on the topic of GHRM and
green innovation were concentrated in 10 journals. Of these 10 journals, ‘’Environmental
science and Pollution Research” and ‘’Sustainability (Switzerland)” topped the table with
the maximum number of publications (n = 4), with 8.51% on the linkage between GHRM
and green innovation. Green innovation comes under the domain of sustainability, which
is one of the core areas of these two journals. Furthermore, GHRM is linked with many
desirable organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational and environmental performance);

thus, this topic is gaining the attention of these academic journals.
Table 2. Journal Publications.
Impact
Journal N % TC Most Highly Cited Document
Factor
“Stimulating environmental performance via green
Environmental Science and human resource management, green transformational
4 8.51 8 5.19
Pollution Research leadership, and green innovation: a
mediation-moderation model”
“The continuous mediating effects of GHRM on
Sustainability (Switzerland) 4 8.51 147 3.88 employees’ green passion via transformational
leadership and green creativity”
“Green innovation and environmental performance:
Technological Forecasting and
3 6.38 1073 10.884 The role of green transformational leadership and green
Social Change
human resource management”
International Journal of
“Green human resource management and
Sustainable Development 2 4.26 4 0.284
environmental innovativeness”
and Planning
‘’Impact of Green HRM Practices on Environmental
Frontiers in Psychology 2 4.26 2 4.232
Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Innovation”
“Technological turbulence and greening of team
Journal of Cleaner Production 2 4.26 128 11.072 creativity, product innovation, and human resource
management: Implications for sustainability”
“Why food companies go green? The determinant
British Food Journal 1 2.13 36 3.224
factors to adopt eco-innovations”
“Effects of green human resource management and
European Journal of
1 2.13 53 4.75 managerial environmental concern on
Innovation Management
green innovation”
“Is environmental innovation embedded within
high-performance organisational changes? the role of
Research Policy 1 2.13 158 9.473
human resource management and complementarity in
green business strategies”
World Review of Science,
“Green HRM: Innovative approach in Indian
Technology and 1 2.13 73 0.63
public Enterprises”
Sustainable Development
Table 2 lists the main journals in terms of number of publications and citations. Along
with this information, the impact factor of the journals is also mentioned in the table.
Journals with a greater number of publications may not have high impact factors. The
journal with the highest impact factor (11.072) was the ‘’Journal of Cleaner Production”,
although its publications were fewer in number. Another journal, ‘’Research Policy”, stood
out with an impact factor of 9.473 but has only one publication to date.
In this selected list of journals, the total number of citations received by journals
publishing articles on GHRM in relation to green innovation is also mentioned. The
journal “Technological Forecasting and Social Change” received the highest number of
citations, 1073, followed by the journal “Research Policy”, which received 158 citations.
The article published in the journal “Technological Forecasting and Social Change” with
the highest number of citations (n = 509) discusses the impact of green transformational
leadership on GHRM, which further enhances green innovation [9]. Another article with
the highest number of citations (n = 85) published in the “Journal of Cleaner Production”
with maximum impact factor discusses how some of the activities of GHRM such as green
training, green compensation, and green recruitment will affect green team creativity,
leading to green product innovation [26]. The most highly cited documents published in
their respective journals are also listed in the above Table.
3.3. Citation Analysis

Citation analysis refers to the number of times a particular institute, document, country,
or author has received citations [27]. Using the software VOSviewer, different citation
analyses were conducted with different units of analysis to determine the citation impact
of a particular institute, author, document, or country.
3.4. Institutional Analysis

Citation analysis was performed by keeping ‘institution’ as the unit of analysis. This
analysis helped us to interpret which educational institution is the most impactful in
receiving the maximum number of citations. The criteria for the analysis were set up as
the minimum number of documents per institution (n = 1) so that a maximum number of
institutes could meet the threshold.
“Abu Dhabi University of United Arab Emirates” tops Table 3 with the maximum
number of citations (n = 921), and it is the only institute that has published two articles
thus far on the given topic. The article that was published first with reference to Abu Dhabi
University has received 412 citations, and it discusses the drivers of green innovation that
are necessary for the competitive advantage of a company. One of the drivers of green
innovation discussed in the paper is HR practices [28]. The Paris School of Business, France;
National Research University, Russia; and University of Milano, Italy collaborated in pub-
lishing an article in 2020 that stands out with 509 citations and discusses the mediation of
green innovation between GHRM and environmental performance [9]. Table 3 summarizes
the top 12 institutes with the maximum number of citations received on published articles
along with the individual article citations.
Table 3. Institutional Citations.
Institute Article
Institution Article(s) Year
Citations Citations
“Green innovation and environmental
performance: The role of green
509 2020
transformational leadership and green human
Abu Dhabi University—United resource management”
921
Arab Emirates “Green innovation and organizational
performance: The influence of big data and
412 2019
the moderating role of management
commitment and HR practices”
Paris School of Business, France “Green innovation and environmental
National Research University, Russia performance: The role of green
509 509 2020
University of Milano, Italy transformational leadership and green human
University of Rome Italy resource management”
“Green innovation and organizational
Lebanese American performance: The influence of big data and
412 412 2019
University, Lebanon the moderating role of management
ILMA University, Pakistan
Free University of Bozen, Italy
“Analyzing the relationship between green
COMSATS University, Pakistan
innovation and environmental performance 152 152 2021
AlFaisal University, Saudi Arabia
in large manufacturing firms”
University of New Mexico,
United States
3.5. Document Analysis

After running citation analysis on VOSviewer by keeping ‘documents’ as the unit
of analysis and selecting the minimum number of citations per document (n = 5), the
results showed that 24 out of 46 documents met the threshold. Figure 3, extracted from
University of New Mexico, United States
3.5. Document Analysis

After running citation analysis on VOSviewer by keeping ‘documents’ as the unit of
analysis and selecting the minimum number of citations per document (n = 5), the results
showed that 24 out of 46 documents met the threshold. Figure 3, extracted from VOSviewer,
shows different clusters. The size of the cluster shows the dominance of the article by author
VOSviewer,
with respect shows different
to received clusters.
citations. The3 size
Figure showsof the
thatcluster shows
the article by the dominance
Singh of the
et al. [9] domi-
article by author with respect to received citations. Figure 3 shows that the article by Singh
nated, as it was interlinked to different authors and received the highest number of citations
et al. [9] dominated, as it was interlinked to different authors and received the highest
(n = 509). Table 4 further elaborates on the documents alongside their citations, authors, and
number of citations (n = 509). Table 4 further elaborates on the documents alongside their
year of publication. The top 10 documents with the maximum number of citations were
citations, authors, and year of publication. The top 10 documents with the maximum
selected. An article with a notable number of citations (n = 114) discusses the mediation ef-
number of citations were selected. An article with a notable number of citations (n = 114)
fect of GHRM between green transformational leadership and green creativity. The varia-
discusses the mediation effect of GHRM between green transformational leadership and
ble of green creativity was discussed while keeping in mind the concept of innovativeness
green creativity. The variable of green creativity was discussed while keeping in mind the
[29]. Lastly, the document with the smallest number of citations (n = 36) by Bossle et al.
concept of innovativeness [29]. Lastly, the document with the smallest number of citations
[30] discussed the green innovation in food companies and how they can opt for eco-
(n = 36) by Bossle et al. [30] discussed the green innovation in food companies and how they
friendly innovation based on important internal and external factors. One of the major
can opt for eco-friendly innovation based on important internal and external factors. One
internal factors
of the major discussed
internal factorswas HRM practices,
discussed was HRMwhich led which
practices, to eco-innovation in the food
led to eco-innovation in
industry of Brazil.
the food industry of Brazil.
Figure 3.
Figure Citations per
3. Citations per Document.
Document.
Table 4. Citations Per Document.
Document TC Author Yea

Document TC AuthorYear
r
“Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of
“Green innovation andleadership
green transformational environmental performance:
and green human The role of green
509 transformational
Singh et al.509[9] Singh et al.2020
[9] 2020
leadership and green human resource management”
resource management”
“Greeninnovation
“Green innovation and
andorganizational
organizational performance:
performance: The The influence of big data and the EI-Kassar and
influence of big data and the moderating role of management 412 EI-Kassar and 412Singh [28] 2019 2019
moderating role of management commitment and HR practices” Singh [28]
“Analyzing
“Analyzing the relationshipbetween
the relationship between green
green innovation
innovation and and environmental performance 152 Rehman et al [21] 2021
152 Rehman et al. [21] 2021
inenvironmental
large manufacturing firms”
performance in large manufacturing firms”
“Thecontinuous
“The continuous mediating
mediatingeffects of of
effects GHRM
GHRM on employees’
on employees’ green passion via transfor-
green passion
mational via transformational
leadership leadership and
and green creativity” 114 Jia et al. 114
[29] Jia et al. [29]
2018 2018
green creativity”
“Technological turbulenceand
“Technological turbulence and greening
greening of team
of team creativity, product innovation, and hu-
creativity, Ogbeibu et al.
85 2020
man resource management: Implications for
product innovation, and human resource management: sustainability” 85 Ogbeibu et al. [26] [26] 2020
Implications for sustainability”
“Green HRM: Innovative approach in Indian
73 Mishra et al. [31] 2014
public Enterprises”
“Effects of green human resource management and managerial
53 Song et al. [11] 2020
environmental concern on green innovation”
“Enhancing the FIRM’S green performance through green
43 Muisyo and Qin [32] 2021
HRM: The moderating role of green innovation culture”
“Why food companies go green? The determinant factors to
36 Bossle et al. [30] 2016
adopt eco-innovations”
“Effects of green human resource management and managerial environmental concern
53 Song et al. [11] 2020
on green innovation”
“Enhancing the FIRM’S green performance through green HRM: The moderating role Muisyo and Qin
43 2021
of green innovation culture”
Sustainability 2024, 16, 133
[32]
9 of 20
“Why food companies go green? The determinant factors to adopt eco-innovations” 36 Bossle et al. [30] 2016
3.6. Authors’ Analysis

3.6. Authors’ Analysis
A citation
A citation analysis
analysis on on the
the author
author level
level was
was performed,
performed, and and the
the results
results showed
showed thatthat
54 out
54 out ofof 174
174 authors
authors met
met the
the threshold
threshold after
after keeping
keeping thethe criteria
criteria asas the
the minimum
minimum number number
of documents per author (n = 1) and number of citations
of documents per author (n = 1) and number of citations per author (n = 10).per author (n = 10).
Figure 44 shows
Figure shows dominant
dominant clusters
clusters of
of impactful
impactful authors
authors receiving
receiving the the maximum
maximum num- num-
ber of citations for articles published on GHRM and green
ber of citations for articles published on GHRM and green innovation. Singh innovation. Singh S.K. isS.K.
prom-
is
inent in theinfigure,
prominent with with
the figure, two documents
two documents and the
andhighest number
the highest numberof citations (n = (n
of citations 921). The
= 921).
respective
The respectivearticles provided
articles provided insights about
insights aboutthe
thesignificant
significantrole
roleofofgreen
green transformational
transformational
leadership in enhancing environmental performance through
leadership in enhancing environmental performance through the mediating role the mediating role of
of green
green
innovation. The second article highlighted the mediating role
innovation. The second article highlighted the mediating role of HR practices between of HR practices between
green innovation
green innovation and and organizational
organizational performance.
performance. GHRMGHRM playsplays aa vital
vital role
role in
in enhancing
enhancing
eco-friendly innovation, which leads to sustainable firm performance
eco-friendly innovation, which leads to sustainable firm performance [9] Further, Table [9] Further, Table 55
maps out
maps out the
the top
top 10
10 authors
authorswith withthe themaximum
maximumnumber numberofofcitations
citations(TC),
(TC), total number
total number of
documents
of documents bybyauthor
author(TN),
(TN),and andtheir
theirmost
mosthighly
highly cited
cited document.
document. A A study analyzed aa
complex model
complex model involving
involving GHRM,GHRM, green intellectual
intellectual capital, green innovation, and envi-
ronmental strategies, and the outcome
ronmental strategies, and the outcome variable was variable was environmental
environmental performance
performance[21]. [21]. The
The
results for the given article show that GHRM and green intellectual
results for the given article show that GHRM and green intellectual capital lead to green capital lead to green
innovation, which
innovation, which further
further enhances the green green performance
performance of the the organization.
organization. Environ-
mentalstrategies
mental strategiesact actasas a moderator
a moderator variable
variable and and strengthen
strengthen the relationship
the relationship between between
green
green innovation
innovation and environmental
and environmental performance.
performance. The restThe restauthors
of the of the authors
with their with their cita-
citations are
tions are
listed listed5.in Table 5.
in Table
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Citations
Citations per
per Author.
Author.
TableCitation analysis
5. Citations highlighted the substantial work achieved in the domain of GHRM
per Author.
and green innovation literature. The number of citations assisted us in identifying key
Author TC TN
articles that receivedArticle Receiving
recognition Highest
from other Number
scholars of in
working Citations
the respective domains.
“Green
Articles frominnovation
Abu-Dhabi and environmental
university that performance:
received the Thenumber
highest role of green
of citations discussed
Singh S.K. [9,28] 921 2
transformational leadership and green human resource management”
green transformational leadership and environmental performance, along with GHRM and
green“Green innovation
innovation. andwho
Scholars organizational performance:
aspire to work The influence
in this domain of big these
could consider data and
highly
citedthe
articles to comprehend
moderating major developments
role of management and further
commitment and HRbuild on provided guidelines
practices”
in these articles.
Chierici R.
“Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green
Giudice M.D. 509 1
transformational leadership and green human resource management”
Graziano D. [9]
“Green innovation and organizational performance: The influence of big data and
EI-Kassar. [28] 412 1
the moderating role of management commitment and HR practices”
Antonioli D. “Is5.environmental
Table innovation embedded within high-performance organisational
Citations per Author.
Mancinelli S. 158 1 changes? the role of human resource management and complementarity in green
Author
Mazzanti M. [33] TCbusiness TNstrategies” Article Receiving Highest Number of Citations
Rehman “Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green

SinghS.U.
S.K. [9,28] Analyzing
2 the relationship between green innovation and environmental
152 1 921 transformational leadership and green human resource management”
Kraus S. [21] performance in“Green
large manufacturing firms
innovation and organizational performance: The influence of big data
and the moderating role of management commitment and HR practices”
Chierici R. Citation analysis highlighted the substantial work achieved inThe
therole
domain of GHRM
“Green innovation and environmental performance: of green
Giudice M.D. 509 1
and green innovation literature. The
transformational number
leadership andofgreen
citations
human assisted
resourceus in identifying key
management”
Graziano D. [9]
articles that received recognition
“Green from
innovation andother scholars performance:
organizational working in the
Therespective
influence ofdomains.
big data
EI-Kassar. [28] 412
Articles 1 Abu-Dhabi university that received the highest number of citations dis-
from and the moderating role of management commitment and HR practices”
Antonioli D. cussed green transformational leadership
“Is environmental and
innovation environmental
embedded performance, along with
within high-performance
Mancinelli S. 158
GHRM and 1green innovation.
organisational changes?who
Scholars the role of human
aspire to workresource
in thismanagement
domain could andconsider
Mazzanti M. [33] complementarity
these highly cited articles in green major
to comprehend business strategies”
developments and further build on pro-
Rehman S.U. Analyzing the relationship between green innovation and environmental
vided
152 guidelines
1 in these articles.
Kraus S. [21] performance in large manufacturing firms
3.7. Co-Authorship Analysis

3.7. Co-Authorship Analysis
Co-authorship analysis tells us about how a particular document has been produced
by twoCo-authorship analysis
or more authors [34].tells
Thisustype
about
of how a particular
analysis document
reveals the linkagehas been produced
of authors on the
by two or more authors [34]. This type of analysis reveals the linkage
basis of the number of articles produced by the particular authors [23]. Using of authors on the
the software
basis of the number of articles produced by the particular authors [23]. Using the
VOSviewer, this analysis can be run at the level of authors, organizations, and countries. software
VOSviewer, this analysis can be run at the level of authors, organizations, and countries.
3.8. Co-Authorship at Country Level
3.8. Co-Authorship at Country Level
Using the software VOSviewer, co-authorship analysis at the country level was per-
Using the software VOSviewer, co-authorship analysis at the country level was per-
formed to identify the collaboration of authors across different countries. Co-authorship
formed to identify the collaboration of authors across different countries. Co-authorship
at the country level will help us to understand how a particular document has been co-
at the country level will help us to understand how a particular document has been co-
authored from different origins, with some major countries showing collaboration on pub-
authored from different origins, with some major countries showing collaboration on
lishing articles on green innovation induced by GHRM. By keeping ‘’Countries’’ as the
publishing articles on green innovation induced by GHRM. By keeping ‘’Countries” as
unit of analysis and setting a minimum number of documents per author (n = 2) and min-
the unit of analysis and setting a minimum number of documents per author (n = 2) and
imum number of citations per author (n = 5), the results obtained after running co-author-
minimum number of citations per author (n = 5), the results obtained after running co-
ship analysis show that 13 out of 32 countries met the threshold, illustrating the collabo-
authorship analysis show that 13 out of 32 countries met the threshold, illustrating the
ration of authors
collaboration in bringing
of authors out documents
in bringing on GHRM
out documents and green
on GHRM andinnovation. The criteria
green innovation. The
set for the given analysis resulted in Figure 5, as extracted from VOSviewer.
criteria set for the given analysis resulted in Figure 5, as extracted from VOSviewer.
Figure 5.
Figure Co-Authorshipon
5. Co-Authorship onCountry
CountryLevel.
Level.
As shown in the figure, Saudi Arabia dominated in this regard with the highest
number of co-authorship links (n = 7) with different countries, followed by Pakistan with
the second highest number of co-authorship links (n = 6). Countries with similar colors
represent those that are geographically close.
For a better understanding of the above figure, a table was extracted to show the
documents co-authored by the respective countries, the total number of joint links by the
countries, and lastly, the number of citations the countries have received on co-authored
articles. Table 6 shows that although Pakistan had the highest number of co-authored
documents (n = 15), it had fewer collaborative links (n = 6) than Saudi Arabia (n = 7). Saudi
Arabia stood out in collaborative links but came in third on the number of documents
(n = 9). Lastly, with regard to the number of citations, Italy dominated the table with
n = 819 citations, followed by France (n = 535), China (n = 251), the United States (n = 237)
and Pakistan (n = 209).
Table 6. Co-Authorship by Different Countries.
Country Documents Links Citations

Pakistan 15 6 209
China 14 3 251
Saudi Arabia 9 7 200
Malaysia 8 5 148
United States 4 5 237
Italy 3 5 819
Egypt 3 2 36
France 2 3 535
Tunisia 2 2 5
Thailand 2 2 12
Co-authorship analysis at the country level reflects significant collaborative research

patterns among different countries. It also highlights the prevailing research networks
within each country. Policymakers and research-funding institutes consider this analysis
for investments and research grants. Future research grants can be invested in countries
with high collaboration links, as they attract more international collaboration. Saudi Arabia
and Pakistan have strong collaborative networks and potential for future research studies
in this domain.
3.9. Bibliographic Coupling Analysis of Documents

Bibliographic coupling analysis of documents tells us about a third common document
being referred by two or more articles. Documents are considered to share the same cluster
or group if they have a greater number of overlapping references [25]. Figure 6 was
extracted by running a bibliographic coupling analysis. The results show that 26 out of
46 documents met the given criteria. The results were obtained by keeping the minimum
number of citations per document set at n = 3, which resulted in four clusters and 26 items.
Figure 6 shows four dominant colors: red, yellow, blue and green. The generated clusters
could be named Cluster 1 (red group), Cluster 2 (green group), Cluster 3 (blue group), and
Cluster 4 (yellow group) for better comprehension.
The inter- and intra-connections of references between or within groups can be inter-
preted from Figure 6. Discussing the red group, one of the articles addresses detriments
of GHRM using the ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) concept, which helps in
process innovation in the manufacturing industry of Malaysia [35]. This article is further
cited by two other documents in the same group. One of them treats innovation capacities
as a mediator between GHRM and competitive advantage [36], and the other one addresses
the role of green product innovation as a mediator between GHRM and green supply chain
management [37]. Talking about the interconnections of the groups, one of the articles in
the green group is cited by two articles in the yellow group. Another article addresses the
intention of small business to pursue eco-innovation through practices of GHRM in the
organization [38], and the other article in the same group talks about the impact of GHRM
and green intellectual capital on environmental performance, with green innovation as a
mediator [39]. Both of these documents referred to a common article published in 2020.
This article addresses two factors, i.e., GHRM and the concern of management towards
the environment, which help in stimulating green innovation [11]. So, the following figure
summarizes the bibliographic coupling of documents that share common references.
in comprehending the major patterns and themes that are frequently cited. The graph
clearly illustrates that one of the documents in the blue group has the most references and
discusses the impact of green transformational leadership on GHRM, hence promoting
green innovation [9]. Another article with a sufficiently large cluster size addresses the
Sustainability 2024, 16, 133 role of GHRM in mediating the relationship between big data and green innovation12[28]. of 20
As a result, both of these documents are highly cited.
Figure 6.
Figure Documents highlighted
6. Documents highlighted by
by bibliographic
bibliographic coupling
coupling analysis.
analysis.
3.10. Bibliographic
Co-Occurrence:coupling
Authors’ analysis
Keywordsenables
Analysisus to comprehend the key papers that share
a substantial number of references. Moreover, the size of the clusters demonstrates the
Using
strength of Vosviewer, co-occurrence
the relationship analysis wasbased
between documents run to onknow
sharedhow many times
references. authors’
It assists us
keywords co-occurred
in comprehending the with
majoreach other.and
patterns Co-occurrence
themes that analysis helps us
are frequently to dig
cited. The into the
graph
latest
clearlyresearch areas
illustrates and
that onealso identifies
of the the gaps
documents forblue
in the future
groupresearch contributions
has the [25]. The
most references and
keywords used fewer times serve as a gap analysis for future purposes.
discusses the impact of green transformational leadership on GHRM, hence promoting Figure 7 shows
that
green28innovation
out of 156 [9].
keywords
Anothermet the given
article with athreshold after
sufficiently large setting thesize
cluster criteria as minimum
addresses the role
number
of GHRM of in
occurrences
mediatingof a keyword
the relationshipas nbetween
= 2. The figure elaborates
big data and greenthat different keywords
innovation [28]. As a
used
result,by authors
both have
of these contributed
documents are in linking
highly GHRM and green innovation, such as Eco-
cited.
Innovation, Environmental Performance, Green Innovation, Organizational Performance,
3.10. Co-Occurrence:
Green Human Capital, Authors’
GreenKeywords
ProductAnalysis
Innovation, Training, Corporate Social Responsi-
bility,Using
GreenVosviewer,
Creativity,co-occurrence
Managementanalysis
Commitment,
was run etc.to know how many times authors’
keywords co-occurred with each other. Co-occurrence analysis helps us to dig into the
latest research areas and also identifies the gaps for future research contributions [25]. The
keywords used fewer times serve as a gap analysis for future purposes. Figure 7 shows
that 28 out of 156 keywords met the given threshold after setting the criteria as minimum
number of occurrences of a keyword as n = 2. The figure elaborates that different keywords
used by authors have contributed in linking GHRM and green innovation, such as Eco-
Innovation, Environmental Performance, Green Innovation, Organizational Performance,
Green Human Capital, Green Product Innovation, Training, Corporate Social Responsibility,
Green Creativity, Management Commitment, etc.
Table 7 includes the top 20 keywords on the basis of the maximum number of co-
occurrences. Green Innovation occurred the highest number of times (n = 18), forming a
maximum number of links with other keywords. The average publication year for Green
Innovation was 2021. Next came Green Human Resource Management, which occurred
16 times, with an average of 16 links being publicized in 2020. The occurrences of some
other keywords are also listed in the table, such as for Green Transformational Leadership
(n = 5), Sustainable Performance (n = 4), and Corporate Social Responsibility (n = 3), as
well as Management Commitment, Green Creativity and Green Intellectual Capital, with
2 occurrences each.
Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 21
Figure 7.
Figure Co-occurrenceof
7. Co-occurrence ofAuthors’
Authors’Keywords.
Keywords.
7. Co-occurrence
TableTable 7 includes of Authors’
the top 20 Keywords.
keywords on the basis of the maximum number of co-
occurrences. Green Innovation occurred the highest number of times (n = 18), forming a
Average
Sr No. number of
maximum Author’s Keywords
links with other keywords.Occurrence Links
The average publication year for Green
Publication Year
Innovation was 2021. Next came Green Human Resource Management, which occurred
1 Green Innovation 18 17 2021
16 times, with an Green
average of 16 links being publicized in 2020. The occurrences of some
Human Resource
2
other keywords are alsoManagement 16 Green Transformational
listed in the table, such as for 16 2020
Leadership
(n = 5),3Sustainable Performance
Environmental (n = 4), and Corporate
Performance 11 Social Responsibility
15 (n = 3), as
2022
well as 4Management Commitment,
Green Green Creativity
Transformational
5
and Green Intellectual
7
Capital,
2021
with
2 occurrences each. Leadership
5
Keyword Innovation
co-occurrence analysis assists future5scholars in understanding
9 2019current
the
6 Green HRM 5 5 2021
evolution
7
of the themes along with research gaps for
Sustainable Performance 4
future investigations.
6
As seen
2022
in the
table, phrases
8 such as Green
GHRM Transformative Leadership,
3 CSR, and9 Green Product
2020 Inno-
vation appear after the primary
Human keywords, indicating that scholars are delving into these
Resource
9 3 4 2020
topics alongside GHRM and Green Innovation. Furthermore, Green Innovation is largely
Management
Corporate
studied10in manufacturing Social
industries. 3 3 2023
Responsibility
Keywords that appeared the least reveal gaps for future research, such as investigat-
11 Eco-Innovation 3 3 2017
ing the12impact ofGreen
greenProduct
creativity, green human capital,
Innovation 3
and management
3
commitment
2021
along with
13 GHRM on Green Innovation.
Environment 2 6 2018
14 SMES 2 5 2021
Table 7.15
Co-occurrence
Humanof Authors’
ResourceKeywords.
Practices 2 4 2021
16 Management Commitment 2 4 2021
Organizational Average Pub-
Sr No.17 Author’s Keywords Occurrence
2 5Links 2022
Performance lication Year
1 19 Green Innovation
Green Creativity 2 18 3 17 2019
2021
20 Green Human Capital 2 2 2021
2 Green Human Resource Management 16 16 2020
3 Environmental Performance 11 15 2022
4 Keyword
Greenco-occurrence analysis
Transformational assists future scholars
Leadership 5 in understanding
7 the current
2021
evolution
5 of the themes along with
Innovation research gaps for future
5 investigations.
9 As seen in
2019
the 6table, phrases such as Green
Green HRM Transformative Leadership,
5 CSR, 5 and Green Product
2021
Innovation
7 appear after the Performance
Sustainable primary keywords, indicating 4 that scholars
6 are delving
2022 into
these topics alongside GHRM and Green Innovation. Furthermore, Green Innovation is
8 GHRM 3 9 2020
largely studied in manufacturing industries.
9 Human Resource Management 3 4 2020
10 Corporate Social Responsibility 3 3 2023
Keywords that appeared the least reveal gaps for future research, such as investigating
the impact of green creativity, green human capital, and management commitment along
with GHRM on Green Innovation.
4. Discussion
GHRM and green innovation have been studied independently for the past few
decades. Recently, scholars have increasingly focused on the imperative role of GHRM
practices in driving green innovation. In the past decade, various studies found that GHRM
practices play a vital role in green innovation. Some scholars have explored the direct
impact [30,40], and some have studied it with the inclusion of mediating variables that
lead toward other attractive outcomes, such as environmental performance [41]. Moreover,
some have also investigated various moderators (i.e., leadership styles) that strengthen the
relationship of GHRM and green innovation [42,43]. Table 8 presents the findings of the
major studies.
Table 8. Summary on Linkages between GHRM and Green Innovation.
Author Summary of Relationship between GHRM and Green Innovation

Green Training is positively related to Green Innovation in producing low Carbon Products,
Saturnino Neto et al. [44]
ultimately reducing the environmental emissions
GHRM is considered as an internal factor with a positive influence on Green Innovation in
Bossle et al. [30]
an organization
Jia et al. [29] GHRM along with Green Passion have a positive impact on Green Creativity
HR Practices considered as the drivers of Green Innovation lead to Competitive Advantage
El-Kassar and Singh [28]
of the firm
Yong et al. [45] Factors leading to GHRM will help the organization to be sustainable by Green Innovation
GHRM is indirectly positively related to Environmental Performance through Green
Sobaih et al. [46]
Innovation as a mediator
Malik et al. [19] GHRM helps in inducing Green Innovation through Green Creativity
Eco-Innovative Human Resource Management is positively associated with Innovative
Iqbal et al. [47]
Performance of the firm through Organizational Commitment
GHRM and Big Data to be in positive association of Green Innovation which further leads
Imran et al. [48]
to Environmental Performance of the firm
Green training and green compensation have a positive impact on Eco-Innovative
Ali et al. [42]
Performance of the firm observed with the moderation of innovative culture of organization
GHRM, Green Transformational Leadership and Green Innovation have a positive impact
Zhao and Huang [49]
on Sustainable Performance of the firm
Green Innovation acts as a bridge due to which GHRM has a positive indirect impact on
Ansari et al. [50]
Financial Performance of the firm
Various practices of GHRM lead to Green Innovation which has a positive impact on
Kuo et al. [51]
Environmental Performance of the firm
GHRM and Green Innovation are positively associated other through mediation of Green
Munawar et al. [20]
human capital and Environmental Knowledge
GHRM leads to green culture and Green Innovation- ultimately enhancing Environmental
Fang et al. [41]
Performance of the firm
GHRM is positively related to green product and process Innovation which lead to increase
Mittal and Kaur [43]
Environmental Performance of the firm through the moderation of Servant Leadership
GHRM and Green Innovation lead to Green Corporate Social Responsibility which enhance
Niazi et al. [52]
the Environmental Performance of the firm
Green Innovation acts as a mediator between GHRM and Environmental Performance of
Kanan et al. [53]
the firm
Different practices of GHRM are in positive association with Green Innovation and
Shah and Soomro [40]
behaviors that are voluntary and task oriented in nature
4.1. GHRM Practices and Green Innovation

GHRM practices have been linked with green innovation; a few notable studies par-
ticularly focused on green training and appraisals. In 2014, a research study empirically
investigated the relationship between green training and eco-innovation [44]. Later, an-
other study included performance appraisal along with green training in the presence of
innovative culture in the organization; innovative culture was taken as a moderator to
strengthen the relationship between the GHRM practices (green training and performance
appraisal) and green innovation [42]. Further, another study put forth its findings by
considering a moderator through exploring the relationship between GHRM and envi-
ronmental performance, with green innovation as a mediator and servant leadership as
a moderator [43]. However, there is a need to study other GHRM practices, i.e., green
recruitment, compliance, reward and recognition and knowledge sharing.
A study concluded that green innovation, resulting from green creativity, is important
for survival of the organizations [29]. This study explored the variables GHRM, green
passion and green creativity along with green transformational leadership and summarized
that these are all important for green innovation. Studies investigated the mediating role of
various variables such as green creativity [19], green organizational commitment [47], and
green culture [41] between GHRM and green innovation. Further, a study also explored
intervention of green human capital and environmental knowledge between GHRM and
green innovation in the presence of managerial environmental concerns [20].
4.2. GHRM and Organizational Outcomes

Scholars investigated the relationship between GHRM and green innovation along
with other outcome variables, i.e., environmental performance, financial performance
and organizational identity. A study explored the impact of GHRM on green innovation
and further included environmental performance in the model. This study aimed to
check how GHRM led to green innovation, which altogether enhanced the environmental
performance of small lodging enterprises in Egypt [46]. Another scholar studied the same
model in the chemical industry of Lahore, Pakistan [51], and a similar study conducted
on manufacturing firms in Palestine also reported similar findings [53]. Further, another
study introduced the moderation of servant leadership to investigate the relationship
between GHRM and environmental performance, with green innovation as a mediator in
the context of the Indian IT sector [43]. Later, in 2022, a scholar included big data along
with GHRM to examine its impact on green innovation, which further led to enhanced
environmental performance in the service industry of Oman [48]. One of the studies
particularly considered financial performance of the firm as a final outcome of GHRM,
where the mediating role of green innovation was accessed between GHRM and financial
performance [50]. Moreover, a study on manufacturing firms in Malaysia included green
culture along with green innovation as mediators between GHRM and environmental
performance [41].
4.3. GHRM and Green Innovation Supporting Theories

Studies show that green innovation mediates between GHRM and environmental
performance [41,43,53] mostly on the basis of the resource base view (RBV) theory. The
impact of GHRM and green innovation (as a mediator) can be investigated on variables
other than environmental performance. Studies proved the positive impact of GHRM
on green organizational citizenship behavior on the basis of ability motivation opportu-
nity (AMO) theory [54], green organizational identity on the theoretical basis of social
identity theory [55], and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices [56] and organiza-
tional commitment on the basis of AMO theory [57]. Energy efficiency [58] and economic
performance [59] are also outcomes of GHRM, which is also supported by AMO theory.
4.4. Future Recommendations

Based on the summary of the results discussed in Table 8, this study provides directions
for future researchers to further investigate the impact of GHRM on green innovation, along
with the inclusion of suggested variables. Figure 8 shows research gaps that future studies
can take into consideration. White-shaded variables indicate that sufficient studies have
formance [59] are also outcomes of GHRM, which is also supported by AMO theo
4.4. Future Recommendations

Based on the summary of the results discussed in Table 8, this study provides
Sustainability 2024, 16, 133 tions for future researchers to further investigate the impact of GHRM 16 of on
20 green i
tion, along with the inclusion of suggested variables. Figure 8 shows research ga
future studies can take into consideration. White-shaded variables indicate that su
been conductedstudies have been
in the context conducted
of GHRM in the innovation,
and green context of GHRM and
whereas green
grey innovation,
areas indicate where
areas indicate that relatively
that relatively few studies have been conducted. few studies have been conducted.
Figure
Figure 8. Research Gaps.8. Research Gaps.
In this bibliometric analysis,

In this a majority
bibliometric of the
analysis, articles considered
a majority GHRM
of the articles as an inde-
considered GHRM as a
pendent variablependent
and green innovation
variable as a dependent
and green innovationvariable. Commonvariable.
as a dependent GHRM practices
Common GHRM
of recruitment, tices
training and development,
of recruitment, training appraisal and recognition
and development, wereand
appraisal considered in were c
recognition
the sample articles. However, other GHRM practices, such as green knowledge sharing,
ered in the sample articles. However, other GHRM practices, such as green know
environmental sharing,
compliance and corporate
environmental environmental
compliance disclosure,
and corporate were not examined
environmental disclosure, were
in relation to green innovation. Moreover, future researchers should focus
amined in relation to green innovation. Moreover, future researchers on the relative
should focus
importance of GHRM
relativepractices such of
importance as GHRM
green trainings,
practicesgreen
suchcompensation, green perfor-
as green trainings, green compen
mance management,green and green rewards
performance and how and
management, thesegreen
factors are individually
rewards impacting
and how these factors are ind
green innovation, so one can know which are the substantial GHRM practices in bringing
ally impacting green innovation, so one can know which are the substantial GHRM
green innovation.tices in bringing green innovation.
A recent study explored the positive relation between GHRM and green innovation in
the presence of green transformational leadership (moderator). The findings of the study
were supported by AMO and RBV theories [60]. Another study explored servant leadership
as a moderator to prove the same relationship on the basis of AMO theory [43]. Consid-
ering the theoretical grounds, some other leadership styles such as follower leadership,
transactional leadership, and ebullient leadership can be studied as moderators between
GHRM and green innovation. Moreover, top management support has been studied in
relation to GHRM [61], and few studies also explored whether top management support
plays a significant role in green innovation [62]. However, the moderating role needs to
be explored.
Past studies investigated the mediation of variables such as green creativity [19]
and green human capital [20] between GHRM and green innovation. Apart from green
innovation, GHRM practices are also linked with other environment-related variables,
i.e., green training is associated with environmental performance [63], green passion
mediates between GHRM and green creativity [29], and green self-efficacy and employee
green behavior act as mediators between GHRM and environmental performance [64].
Similarly, psychological green climate acts as an intervening variable between GHRM and
employee green behavior [65]. Currently, there is a need to study what additional employee-
related factors further lead to green innovation. Studies proposed that the above-mentioned
internal factors such as green motivation, green passion, pro-environmental behavior,
psychological green climate, and green self-efficacy should be studied to determine whether
they serve as a mediators between GHRM and green innovation. Especially, the roles of
green self-efficacy and psychological green climate need to be further explored in the GHRM
and green innovation context. Limited studies were found where organizational level
variables were investigated as mediators, such as perceived organizational support, which
was conceptualized as a mediator between GHRM and environmental performance [66].
Future studies should explore and investigate the roles of organization level variables.
Scholars have investigated the relationship between GHRM and green innovation
from various industrial perspectives, including the hotel industry [20], real estate sector [67],
tourism industry [68], small-scale lodging sector [46], fertilizer industry [50], textile indus-
try [69], food industry [39], large-scale manufacturing firms [21], etc. Future researchers can
particularize the bibliographic analysis to specific industries, such as investigating the rela-
tionship between GHRM and green innovation in the hospitality industry, manufacturing
industry, services industry, etc.
Middle Eastern countries and institutions are major contributors in this domain.
A deeper exploration or hypothesis of why countries in the Middle East are leading could
provide more contextual understanding. Future researchers can also dig into the secondary
data research for this purpose. They can find measures mentioned in corporate annual
sustainability reports that can be used to measure GHRM and green innovation. Primary
research has been the main focus in this regard; however, secondary data research can be
conducted to investigate the relationship between GHRM and green innovation.
4.5. Limitations
This study used the Scopus database for the extraction of the data. Although most
of the reputed journals are indexed in both Scopus and Web of Science databases, there
are a few Web of Science (WOS) Journals that are not indexed in the Scopus database.
Therefore, future researchers can also consult the WOS database for bibliometric analysis
in the respective domains.
5. Conclusions
GHRM practices have been identified as a major driver of green innovation; however,
there was no comprehensive bibliometric study. In this regard, this study conducted a
bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Scopus database. The study provides
novel insights for researchers and practitioners to comprehend major developments in the
domain, and also provides directions to build on future studies.
Summarizing the major findings of the study, yearly publications and citation trends
showed upward growth, indicating the significance of this research domain. "Environ-
mental Science and Pollution Research", "Sustainability (Switzerland)" and "Technological
Forecasting and Social Change" are leading journals, and interested scholars can focus on
these journals for the latest developments in this particular domain. The Middle East, China
and Pakistan are major contributors in this domain, so there are many opportunities for
collaboration in these regions. Based on the bibliometric analysis, it can be concluded that
GHRM plays a substantial role in green innovation and there is a strong need to conduct
studies on contextual variables to further elaborate its impact on green innovation.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.F. and Z.N.; methodology, A.F. and Z.N.; software, A.F.;
validation, M.A. and H.H.; formal analysis, A.F. and M.A.; investigation, A.F. and M.A.; resources,
H.H. and M.A.; data curation, H.H. and Z.N.; writing—original draft preparation, A.F. and Z.N.;
writing—review and editing, M.A., N.M.A.-R. and H.H.; visualization, A.F.; supervision, Z.N.; project
administration, Z.N., N.M.A.-R. and H.H.; funding acquisition, H.H. and N.M.A.-R. All authors have
read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding: The APC was funded by Zarqa University.
Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement: Data are open-source and can be extracted from the Scopus database.
Acknowledgments: We are thankful to Farhan Khan for guidance and motivation.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Article in Sustainability · December 2023

Masood Ahmed Hossam Haddad

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Academic Editors: George Saridakis, 1. Introduction

Sustainability 2024, 16, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010133 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Database for Retrieving Articles

2.2. Technique Used for Filtering out Data

Sustainability 2024, 16, 133 4 of 20

Figure 1. PRISMA Approach for Screening Data.

Sustainability 2024, 16, 133

desirable organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational and environmental performance);

Table 2. Journal Publications.

3.3. Citation Analysis

3.4. Institutional Analysis

Table 3. Institutional Citations.

3.5. Document Analysis

3.5. Document Analysis

Table 4. Citations Per Document.

Document TC Author Yea

3.6. Authors’ Analysis

Rehman “Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green

3.7. Co-Authorship Analysis

Table 6. Co-Authorship by Different Countries.

Country Documents Links Citations

Co-authorship analysis at the country level reflects significant collaborative research

3.9. Bibliographic Coupling Analysis of Documents

Table 8. Summary on Linkages between GHRM and Green Innovation.

Author Summary of Relationship between GHRM and Green Innovation

4.1. GHRM Practices and Green Innovation

4.2. GHRM and Organizational Outcomes

4.3. GHRM and Green Innovation Supporting Theories

4.4. Future Recommendations

4.4. Future Recommendations

In this bibliometric analysis,

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