Vocabulary

• Survival
1 Fill in: hit, survive, bite, get, take, fall and cut in the correct form.
1 The doctors had to ...................... off the patient’s arm in order to save his life.
2 A shark may accidentally ...................... a surfboard if it mistakes it for a seal.
3 Some athletes taking part in the desert marathon ...................... lost when a sandstorm struck.
4 Andrew ...................... Mark to the hospital as he was suffering from severe stomach pains.
5 The fire destroyed the building but, luckily, all the people inside ...................... with only minor injuries.
6 Ben was driving through a canyon when a huge rock ...................... on the street and blocked his way.
7 A tsunami is a huge sea wave that sometimes ...................... a coast after an earthquake.

• Extreme weather
2 Match the extreme weather conditions to the newspaper headlines.

1 blizzard 4 drought
2 heatwave 5 dust storm
3 hurricane 6 thunderstorm

A EXTREME TEMPERATURES TO
HIT THE NORTH NEXT WEEK

B SNOWSTORM CLOSES ALL

AIRPORTS

C LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN

SPOILS HOLIDAY WEEKEND

D FARMERS WORRY ABOUT

LACK OF RAINFALL

E PEOPLE WARNED TO STAY INDOORS

DUE TO HEAVY STORM WITH STRONG
WINDS

F MASSIVE CLOUD OF DUST AND

SAND HITS CITY
3 Fill in: light, travel, reach, fall, blow and overflow in the correct form.
1 The tornado ...................... for ten minutes when it suddenly turned south and headed right for the city.
2 Leave the window open so we can feel the breeze ...................... in from the sea.
3 So much snow ...................... during the night that we couldn’t open the front door in the morning.
4 The news said the strange ball of fire that ................. up the sky last night was a meteorite.
5 People are advised to drink lots of water and not stay out during midday as temperatures will ......................
45°C next week.
6 The rain was so heavy that the river ...................... by morning.

• Feelings
4 Match the adjectives to what the people say.

A relieved D lonely
B tired E furious
C confused F ashamed

1
I’m
I’msosohappy
happyyou youfound
found
mymyphone!
phone!I thought
I thoughtI I
had
hadlost
lostit.it.

2
I told
I toldJim
JimI was
I wassick
sick
and
andcouldn’t
couldn’tmeet
meethim him
but
buthehesaw
sawmemeatatthe
the
cinema
cinemaan anhour
hourlater.
later.

3
I’ve
I’vebeen
beenworking
workingininthe
the
garden
garden all day;I need
all day; I needa arest.
rest.

4
I don’t
I don’tknow
knowanyone
anyoneatatmy
my
new
new school; I haveno
school; I have noone
one
tototalk
talkto.
to.

5
I’m
I’mnot
notsure
surewhatwhatwe’re
we’re
supposed
supposedtotobe bedoing.
doing.Can
Can
you
youexplain
explainit itagain,
again,please?
please?

6
I can’t
I can’tbelieve
believeyouyoucrashed
crashed
mymycar!
car!I just
I justgot
gotit itback
back
from
fromthe
thegarage.
garage.
• Collocations: Make or do?
5 Fill in the collocations with do or make. Then, use them in the correct form to complete
the sentences that follow.
1 .......... an experiment 5 .......... a decision
2 .......... my/your/etc. best 6 .......... damage
3 .......... progress 7 .......... a mistake
4 .......... work
A OK, Mrs Jenkins. I will .............................. to get the job finished by tomorrow.
B Sorry, I can’t go out tonight. I’ve got too much .............................. to .............................. .
C Don’t drink that tea, Dave! I .............................. and put salt in it!
D The teacher says Zara .............................. with her English since last year.
E The storm lasted for hours but didn’t .............................. much .............................. to property.
F The new labs are great for the students to .............................. and learn science with real equipment.
G I want more information before I .............................. on which college to go to.

Grammar
• Past simple
1 Fill in the gaps, using the past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1 Kevin ................................. (move) to Cairo about five years ago.
2 ........................................... (you/check) your email? I sent you a link.
3 Jane ................................. (buy) a lot of souvenirs on her trip around the world.
4 I ................................. (not/watch) the game last night; I was at the theatre with Liz.
5 Jane ................................. (beat) the eggs, ................................. (add) some cheese and
then ................................. (pour) the mixture into the frying pan.
6 Albert ................................. (receive) the prize for best sports photo at school.
• Present Perfect vs Past simple
2 Choose the correct tense.

A: Hi, Jill! I 1) .............................. (not/ see) you

for a while. Where 2) ..............................
(be/you) these days?
B: I 3) .............................. (be) on holiday. I
4) .............................. (travel) around South
Africa and 5) .............................. (have) an
amazing time.
A: Oh, 6) .............................. (never/be) there.
7) .............................. (you/ enjoy) yourself?
B: Absolutely! The culture and people are
amazing and I 8) .............................. (swim) in
the ocean every day. How about you? What
9) .............................. (you/do) for the
summer?
A: Nothing special. I had to work a lot. But I
10) .............................. (discover) a new
theatre and I 11) .............................. (go)
every weekend with a friend.
B: Really? I 12) .............................. (not/ go) to
see a play in years!

• Past continuous
3 Fill in the gaps, using the past continuous of the verbs in brackets. Then, match column
A to column B to make complete sentences.

Column A

1 Jane was reading a book …

2 It started to snow heavily …
3 My neighbours ………….…….. (have) a barbecue in the garden …
4 I ………….…….. (watch) TV …

Column B
a as I ………….…….. (walk) to
the station and I couldn’t see a
thing!
b while her flatmate ………….
…….. (cook) dinner.
c at home at 9 o’clock last night.
d when it started to rain, so they
moved indoors.
• Past simple vs Past continuous
4 Fill in the gaps with the past simple or the past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 Derek always ................................ (have) lunch with his parents every Sunday until he moved to London.
2 I ................................ (try) to unlock the door when the key ................................ (break) in the keyhole.
3 Orla ................................ (wait) in the queue for tickets while Mark ................................ (buy) popcorn.
4 Jane ................................ (phone) for a taxi, ................................ (put) on her coat and ................................
(leave) the house.
5 It was a cold winter’s night. Heavy snow ................................ (fall) on the ground and an icy
wind ................................ (blow) from the north.
6 At 10pm last night Mr and Mrs Clark ................................ (have) dinner at Don Luigi’s restaurant.

• used to – would – past simple – be/get used to

5 Choose the correct answer.
1 “Have you always worked as a teacher?”
“No. I ….. a typist.”
A got used to being B am used to being C used to be
2 “Why aren’t you sleepy?”
“Well, I ….. to staying up late now.”
A am used B got used
C used
3 “Isn’t Mary afraid of living on her own?”
“Not any more. She ….. to it after a while.”
A used B wasn’t used
C got used
4 “Do you remember Auntie Pauline?”
“Yes. She ….. always visit us on Sunday afternoons.”
A would B was used
C used
5 “Have you always lived in the city?”
“No, I ….. here three years ago.”
A had moved B moved
C would move
6 “Do you know that girl? ”
“Yes, she ….. to be in my English class.”
A was used B used
C is used
• Past Perfect – Past Perfect continuous
6 Choose the sentence (A or B) that is closest in meaning to the original sentence.
1 By the time I came back home, Mum had served dinner.
A First I got back home and then Mum served dinner.
B First Mum served dinner and then I came back home.
2 Rosie had been training to become a nurse for four years before she went to work in Italy.
A Rosie went to work in Italy and then she trained for four years as a nurse.
B Rosie trained for four years as a nurse and then she went to work in Italy.
3 Ivy didn’t go to the concert because she hadn’t found a ticket.
A Ivy did not find a ticket, so she couldn’t go to the concert.
B Ivy didn’t try to find a ticket because she couldn’t go to the concert.
4 Emma had been sunbathing all morning, so her face was all red when she returned.
A Emma’s face was red because she sunbathed for a long time.
B Emma’s face was red and then she went sunbathing.

• it – there
7 Fill in the gaps with it or there.

A: Oh, 1) .................’s a new café on the corner.

Would you like to get something to eat?
B: Good idea. But 2) .................’s a restaurant
nearby that makes great homemade food, too.
A: OK, let’s try that then. How far away is it?
B: 3) .................’s about 2 km from here.
A: Well, 4) .................’s a beautiful day. We could
walk if you like.
B: No, 5) ................. seems like a long way to
walk in this heat. How about taking a taxi?
A: I can’t see any taxis around.
B: Hmm, 6) ................. looks like we’ll have to
take the bus instead.
A: You’re right. Look – 7) .................’s a bus stop
across the street. Let’s go!
• Exclamations
8 Choose the correct answer.
1 “Did you like the Thai food we had last night?”
“Yes, it was ...... tasty!”
A such a B such C so D how
2 “I can’t believe it’s been six months since I moved here.”
“I know. ...... fast time flies! ”
A How B Such C What D So
3 “Let’s go to Dean’s house. He’s got the new football video game.”
“...... good idea! I hear it’s great.”
A Such an C What
B So D What a
4 “Look at the blog entry Noelle wrote today.”
“I know, I read it this morning. ...... excellent writer she is! ”
A How B What an C Such an D What a
5 “How do you like your new flat, Joy?”
“I love it. It has ...... big balcony and a great view!”
A so B such C such a D what an
6 “Have you been to the new café down the street? ”
“Yes, I have. They make ...... delicious smoothies! ”
A such a B so C what D such
7 “Have you seen the new Picasso exhibition at the museum?”
“Yes, I have. ...... great? I really enjoyed it.”
A Isn’t it C Is it
B It isn’t D So it isn’t

• Adverbs: formation and order of adverbs

9 Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct order in each sentence.
1 Andrew has played the piano. (never/before)
...........................................................................
2 Frank left. (half an hour ago/by bus)
...........................................................................
3 I went to see a movie. (yesterday/downtown)
...........................................................................
4 Simone and Claire attended the meeting. (earlier/at the hotel) .................................................................
...........................................................................
5 Karen read the newspaper. (this morning/ quickly/in the café) ...............................................................
...........................................................................
6 It was snowing. (all day yesterday/heavily)
...........................................................................
• Adverbs of degree
10 Choose the correct answer.
1 Being a doctor is a just/pretty difficult job.
2 Sheena used to be very/a lot good at tennis.
3 Pat is feeling very/a lot more relaxed now that her exams are finished.
4 Interrupting others is awfully/very much rude.
5 Come on, Matt, keep walking. The beach isn’t much/extremely further.
6 James’ work hours are rather/pretty longer than I thought.
7 To be honest, I slightly/quite liked the latest Wesley Sharp film!

Grammar Revision
11 Choose the correct answer.
1 By the time Jim arrived, the concert ….. .
A was finishing C finished
B has finished D had finished

2 It’s ….. of you to help me with the decorations!

A so kind C what a kind
B such a kind D how kind

3 ….. that a new supermarket is opening soon.

A There seems C It looks
B There is D It seems

4 Yvonne was exhausted because she ….. for eight hours.

A was driving C had driven
B had been driving D drove

5 Fiona and her brother ….. to have matching bikes when they were children.
A would C used
B was used D got used

6 I ….. on the phone when, suddenly, the lights went out.

A was talking C had talked
B talked D had been talking

7 Tina ….. hates football; there’s no way she’ll come to the match with us.
A a lot C absolutely
B a bit D very

8 In the beginning, it was hard to wake up at 5am, but after a couple of weeks I ….. to it.
A used C would
B got used D had used
Sentence transformations
12 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1 When she was a kid, Jennifer went camping with her parents every summer.
When she was a kid, Jennifer ............................. go camping with her parents every summer.
2 After studying for an hour, she realised that it was getting late.
She ............................. an hour when she realised it was getting late.
3 Connor hasn’t visited Edinburgh since 2016.
Connor last ............................. 2016.
4 Wendy is accustomed to travelling by bus.
Wendy is ............................. by bus.
5 Alan cycles so carefully!
Alan is ............................. careful cyclist!
6 It was Ted and Mark’s first skiing holiday.
Ted and Mark ............................. on a skiing holiday before.

Phrasal verbs
Fill in: up (x2), in and out.
1 Mel had to give ......... cycling after injuring her knee.
2 Have you given ......... your project, yet? It’s Friday.
3 I had been trying to fix my car all morning until I finally gave ......... and called a mechanic.
4 They are giving ......... free samples of a new chocolate bar at the supermarket.

Prepositions
Choose the correct preposition.
1 Barry was on/at a business trip when his mum called with the good news.
2 Andrew ran over/after the woman who had left her purse in the café.
3 Our boat leaves at/in dawn, so we need to get up really early.
4 Gina was so deep in/on thought, she didn’t hear me calling her name.
5 We looked for your phone everywhere, through/ without luck. You must have dropped it in town.
6 You can always call me to/for help if you need anything.
7 I was on the phone when I looked around/back and realised I was lost.

Word formation
(-ing/-ed adjectives)
Complete the gaps with the adjectives derived from the words in brackets.
1 There’s an .................................. exhibition of modern art in the city gallery this week. (INTEREST)
2 Going to the opera for the first time was an .................................. experience. (AMAZE)
3 I was so .................................. to see my favourite teacher after all these years. (SURPRISE)
4 Driving through last night’s thunderstorm was quite .................................. . (FRIGHTEN)
5 What’s the matter, David? You look ............................. today. (TIRE)
Reading
Read the text. For each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Living on the Ledge

You probably know the name of the highest mountain in the world, but have you heard of ‘anti-Everest’? Meru
Peak is actually three peaks, the central of which is called the ‘Shark’s Fin’; and if you saw it, you’d know
why. It’s considered one of the toughest and most dangerous peaks in the world to climb and includes a
massive 1,400 metre wall of granite that goes almost straight up. To reach the top of this enormous wall,
climbers must drag their gear up behind them on ropes and spend their nights sleeping on a portaledge*.
Some of the greatest mountaineers in the world attempted the feat, but all failed.
That was until 2011, when three close friends finally managed it. Conrad Anker, Jimmy Chin, and Renan
Ozturk had made a previous attempt in 2008, but that ended in heartbreaking failure when they got to within
100 meters of the summit before turning back. They got stuck in severe snow storms and had to take shelter
inside their portaledge for four days, which used up much of their food. After nineteen days on the mountain
and suffering from hunger, frostbite1 and trench foot2, they finally had no choice but to give up. However, the
trio would not be defeated and returned to Meru to take on the Shark’s Fin once more.
Although the men had suffered greatly on the first expedition, they weren’t frightened to repeat the risk. As
Chin says, “Mountaineers have the worst memory.” This time, they brought warmer boots and sleeping bags
and kept the weight of their equipment to a minimum, even removing the labels from their clothing and cutting
the handles off their toothbrushes.
In the end though, it was not just their preparation and courage that was put to the test, but also their
friendship. “On Meru, trust was everything,” said Chin. These three brave men refused to give up on their
dream, and this time, they succeeded. On the eighth day, they reached the summit and celebrated becoming
the first to conquer the deadly Shark’s Fin – the greatest prize in Himalayan big-wall climbing.

* a kind of tent hanging from ropes attached to the wall

1
a condition
What where damage
is the purpose is caused to skin and tissue due to extreme cold
of the text?
2
aApainful
to describe an unusualfeet
skin condition of the caused by long periods of being cold and wet
landscape
B to advertise a documentary film
C to warn people about dangerous sports
D to describe an extraordinary achievement

2 What does the writer say about the 2008 attempt to climb the Shark’s Fin?
A It was the team’s first climbing expedition.
B The attempt was nearly successful.
C The team ran out of food after four days.
D The last part is impossible to climb.
3 How did Chin feel about going back to Meru in 2011?
A He was frightened to go through so much suffering again.
B He wanted to forget about the first attempt.
C He knew it was dangerous but wanted to go anyway.
D He was worried that they would not succeed.

4 Which could be another suitable title for the text?

A Thirty Years to the Top
B Don’t Try This at Home
C The Conquering of Anti-Everest
D A Shark’s Tale