Group 4 - GD 4 Unit 14 Focuses 5-6

GRAMMAR DIMENSION 4:
DISCOURSE
ORGANIZERS
UNIT 14 FOCUS 5-6
PRESENTED BY GROUP 4
1. Naia Arina Hurrizik
GROUP (2206071174)
MEMBERS 2. Kania Putri Fradini
(2206824483)
3. Qahira Septi Azahra
(2206819294)
4. Airel Joshua Rantesalu
(2206073500)
FOCUS 5
RETHORICAL QUESTIONS TO
INTRODUCE AND SHIFT TOPIC
Function:
To emphasise an idea
Engage the audience
Subtly draw attention
Introduce ideas or shift topics
FOCUS 5
INTRODUCE TOPICS
How does nitrogen circulate?

The form of a rethorical9 question may be
either a Wh-question or a yes/no question.
“Were Dinosaurs Dumb?” by

Stephen Jay Gould
Titles of book, article, or speech use
rethorical question to introduce topics.
FOCUS 5
SHIFT TOPICS
So far, we have looked at some

of the causes of teenage gangs.
But what are the effects on the
communities in which they live?
To signal a shift from one subtopic to another.
EXERCISE 9
The excerpts below are from the beginning paragraphs of books, articles, or
essays. For each predict what the rest of the text might be about.
What do we know about the universe, and how do

we know it? Where did the universe come from, and
where is it going? Did the universe have a beginning,
and if so, what happened before then? What is the
nature of time? Will it ever come to an end?
EXERCISE 9
Answer: About the universe, time, and the

nature of existence. It may explore questions
about the origins of the universe, its future,
and the concept of time.
EXERCISE 9
Are you as white knuckled as I am

when traveling as an air passenger?
What’s it worth to save a buck?
EXERCISE 9
Answer: A text about the experience of air travel.

It may explores the anxieties and considerations
of air passengers, and the trade-offs involved in
seeking cost savings.
FOCUS 6
Rhetorical Questions to Focus on Main Points
Leading rhetorical questions seek agreement

from the listener or reader.
Example:
Haven’t we had enough wars? -> We have.
Don’t divorced fathers as well as mothers have
rights? -> They do.
FOCUS 6
Rhetorical Questions to Focus on Main Points
Another type of rhetorical question that focuses on

main points implies a response in the negative.
Example:
What kind of solution is that to our problem?
-> It is a bad solution.
How much longer can we ignore the signs of global
warming? -> We can’t ignore them any longer.
EXERCISE 10
Write a leading rhetorical question to express each of the following opinions. More
than one form is possible, and some ideas need to be rephrased, not just
transformed into a question. State the positive implication of each in parentheses.
EXAMPLE:
Opinion:
We've gone far enough in the space race.
Possible questions and implications:
Isn't it time to stop the space race? (It is.)
Haven't we gone far enough in the space race? (We have.)
Shouldn't we consider stopping the space race? (We should.)
EXERCISE 10
1. Opinion:
Our senior citizens deserve more respect.
Possible question and implication?
EXERCISE 10
1. Opinion:
Our senior citizens deserve more respect.
Possible question and implication:
Don’t our senior citizens deserve more respect?
(They do.)
EXERCISE 10
2. Opinion:
We need to start thinking more globally.
EXERCISE 10
2. Opinion:
We need to start thinking more globally.
Isn’t it time we started thinking more
globally? (It is.)
EXERCISE 10
3. Opinion:
All people should have a place to live.
EXERCISE 10
3. Opinion:
All people should have a place to live.
Shouldn’t all people have a place to live?
(They should.)
EXERCISE 11
tate the writer's viewpoint for each of the following rhetorical questions.
S
Then state what you think is the thesis (the main point) of each text that
follows. Discuss which of the questions you find most effective in making
their points.
EXAMPLE: How many Americans can afford a $45,000

Mercedes-Benz? Should auto safety be reserved only
for the wealthy?
Writer's viewpoint: Not many Americans can afford a
Mercedes and auto safety should not be reserved for
only the wealthy. Thesis: Auto safety devices should be
put on all cars, not just expensive cars.
EXERCISE 11
S
their points.
1. Fair-minded people have to be against bigotry.

How, then, can fair- minded people ignore,
condone, or promote discrimination against
divorced fathers-100 percent of whom are men
and make believe it isn't discrimination?
EXERCISE 11
S
their points.
Writer's viewpoint: Fair-minded people cannot ignore, condone,

or promote discrimination against divorced fathers, all of whom
are men, without contradicting their stance against bigotry.
Thesis: The writer emphasizes the inconsistency in fair-
mindedness when overlooking or supporting discrimination
against this specific demographic.
EXERCISE 11
S
their points.
2. I am, I hope, a reasonably intelligent and sensitive man

who tries to think clearly about what he does. And what I
do is hunt, and some- times kill... Does the power that
orchestrates the universe give a deer more importance
than a fly quivering in a strip of sticky tape?
EXERCISE 11
rite a leading rhetorical question to express each of the following
W
opinions. More than one form is possible, and some ideas need to be
rephrased, not just transformed into a question. State the positive
implication of each in parentheses.
Writer's viewpoint: The writer acknowledges their actions of

hunting and killing, questioning the hierarchy of value placed on
different forms of life.
Thesis: The main point is to prompt reflection on the ethical
considerations of taking life and the subjective assessment of the
value of different creatures in the universe.
EXERCISE 12
The following excerpts from an essay by Isaac Asimov use six
rhetorical questions to develop an argument about the need
for population control. Identify the rhetorical questions.
EXERCISE 12
EXERCISE 12
EXERCISE 12
The rhetorical questions in the essay by Isaac Asimov are:
1. How many people could such a world support?

2. How long will it take before the world contains so many people?
3. Is there any way of setting a limit past which nothing can raise the
human population no matter how many changes take place?
4. How long, then, will it take for the world's population to weigh as
much as the entire planet?
5. Do you suppose that perhaps in the course of the next 1600 years,
it will be possible to colonize the moon and Mars, and the other
planets of the solar system?
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

Group 4 - GD 4 Unit 14 Focuses 5-6

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Group 4 - GD 4 Unit 14 Focuses 5-6

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GRAMMAR DIMENSION 4:

How does nitrogen circulate?

“Were Dinosaurs Dumb?” by

So far, we have looked at some

What do we know about the universe, and how do

Answer: About the universe, time, and the

Are you as white knuckled as I am

Answer: A text about the experience of air travel.

Leading rhetorical questions seek agreement

Another type of rhetorical question that focuses on

EXAMPLE: How many Americans can afford a $45,000

1. Fair-minded people have to be against bigotry.

Writer's viewpoint: Fair-minded people cannot ignore, condone,

2. I am, I hope, a reasonably intelligent and sensitive man

Writer's viewpoint: The writer acknowledges their actions of

1. How many people could such a world support?

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