Twenty Projects at the Boundaries of the Architectural Discipline Examined in Relation to

the Historical and Contemporary Debates over Autonomy

Author(s): K. Michael Hays and Lauren Kogod
Source: Perspecta, Vol. 33, Mining Autonomy (2002), pp. 54-71
Published by: The MIT Press on behalf of Perspecta.
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1567297
Accessed: 13-07-2023 16:13 +00:00

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at the Boundaries of the

Architectural Discipline
Examined in Relation
to the Historical and

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over Autonomy
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One Architecture.

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11 HOUSE ENLARGEMENT, GERMANY, 1997 12 SUBURBAN SPECULATION, 2000

Kalhofer and Korschildgen Lewis Tsurumaki Lewis
 MINING AUTONOMY / 65

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13 GLASS HOUSE @ 2, HOUSTON,TEXAS 1998-2000 14 KLIP BINDER HOUSE, HOUSTON,TEXAS, 1999

Michael Bell Interloop Architects
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15 WEISS 104, BERLIN, GERMANY, 2000

Filomento Fusco & Victor Keglh
 MINING AUTONOMY / 67

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16 LOFT RENOVATION, NEW YORK, 1997

Joel Sanders
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17 BIOSPHERE AND FLOWER PAVILION, POTSDAM, GERMANY, 2001

Barkow Leibinger Architects

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18 LANDSCHAFTSPARK, DUISBURG-NORD, GERMANY 2000 19 ADULT DAY, PROTOTYPE HANDRAIL, DES PLAINES, IL, 1992
Latz und Partner Mark Rakatansky

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Diller + Scofidio

1 Bill Massie: Big Belt House, Bozeman, MT, 2000. Massie's
8 Edward Francois & Duncan Lewis, House in Jupilles, 1998.
project for a single-family house challenges traditional
design and fabrication methods. Like other contempo-
rary digital projects, its formal language is derived from ment. At first glance, the dense grove of trees in which
the use of spline-based curves, in this case traced from
the topography of the site. Using CNC (computer numeri- of the project, implying a dominance of the natural over
cally controlled) technology for the physical construc-
tion of the building allows for the direct transfer from
digital model/design to building -transforming the roles ments such as windows and an orthogonal wood and
of design (designer) and construction (contractor).
2 Foreign Office Architects:Yokohama International PortTer-
minal,Yokohama, Japan, under construction. The designers
used digitally-based bezier spline geometry to develop
the original design proposal, but issues encountered in
its construction have compromised these geometries. In
9 One Architecture: Six UnderATennis Court, Liedscherijn,
their collaborations with Ove Arup structural designer
Cecil Balmond, FOA have shown that it is possible to
construct formally-radical proposals conceived of in the ect is an attempt to address VI.N.E.X.'s social and ideo-
computer by opening architecture to the influence of
ideas outside of its traditional domain.
3/4 Roche, DSV & Sie. P/B:L: Habitat Furtif, Paris, 1999.
Scrambled Flat, Evolene, Switzerland, 2001. A primary
focus of Roche's practice and theory is an investigation
of the operation of digital mutation and its potential
to forge new relationships between architecture and its
physical context. Habitat Furtif is a mobile housing unit
that reflects modulated images of its surroundings - the
image of this dwelling is generated from any possible
context it encounters. Scrambled Flat is a proposal for
farm dwellings that contain living space as well as space
for farm animals and the storage of wood and hay. The
building takes its inspiration from the vernacular hay
piles of the Evolene region,
5 Hamzah &Yeang,Tokyo-NaraTower,Tokyo, 1998. Ken
Yeang's work brings together architecture and environ-
mental engineering. His central project is the Biocli-
mactic Sky Scraper, a rigorously engineered structure
that uses large bands of continuous greenery to improve
urban air quality. His buildings derive much of their form
from the consideration of local climatic conditions such
as wind and sun patterns.
6 Alberto Burri: II Grande Cretto, Gibellina, Italy, 1968. This
project was undertaken after the entire town of Gibellina
was destroyed in an earthquake. Burri took the street
pattern from the destroyed town and rebuilt it by casting
it as a single-story relief in concrete. The Cretto gener-
ates a strong dialogue with the history of the destroyed
town: it has been rebuilt yet evacuated of all life. Burri
questions the very possibility of reconstruction after
disaster while forcefully reminding us that history never
completely disappears.
7 Kengo Kuma: Eco-Particle Park, Osaka, Japan, 1999.
Kuma's design for an urban park with housing combines
a contemporary preoccupation with digitally-derived
form and environmentally-based urbanism. The site plan
functions with the logic of pixels on a computer screen
- each point carrying the same weight, regardless of
its function as building or park. Sectionally, the planes
between building, landscape and waterscape shift, creat-
ing a considered interaction between figure and ground.
The project blurs the boundaries between built form and
landscape through its strategy of proximity.
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Francois & Lewis' house in Jupilles addresses the rela-
tionship between architecture and its natural environ-
the body of this house sits seems to dictate the form
the man made, Further inspection, however, reveals that
the foliage is bound and formed by architectural ele-
wire frame, This relationship reveals the fallacy of think-
ing of the natural as untouched by man and questions
architecture's recent green fascination (have political
and scientific environmental discussions developed into
functional strategies or aesthetic trends?)
the Netherlands, 1996. A planning proposal for the million-
unit Dutch housing initiative known as VI.N.E.X., this proj-
logical implications. In the proposal, the standard subur-
ban street patterns and typical Dutch housing arrange-
ments are discarded in favor of the organizational logic
of tennis courts. This principle makes explicit the upper-
middle class bias implicit in V.I.N.E.X's developer-deter-
mined housing typologies. By placing public facilities
above private homes, the divisions between public and
private, as important in suburban culture as they are in
socialist societies, are seriously skewed.
10 ANA: Huis &, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2000. The houses
are designed as assemblies of compartments, each spe-
cifically designed to maximize a certain lifestyle pro-
gram. In their combination, the specificity of the lifestyle
of their inhabitant can be formally approximated. As
such, the house can be both highly customized and
mass produced. This project does not divide the tra-
ditionally distinct operations of architecture and urban
design, but combines them at the single-family house.
11 Kalhofer + Korschildgen: House Enlargement, Germany,
1997. Kalhofer + Korschildgen's addition to a small, tra-
ditional house in Germany functions as a domestic pros-
thesis. Although formally sharing the same geometries
of massing and pitched roof as the original portion of the
house, the addition has a moveable, hinged connection
to the existing piece - the addition is able to function
between the private domesticity of family and the semi-
public, yet autonomous, individual.
12 LewisTsurumaki Lewis: Suburban Speculation, 2000. Build-
ing housing on top of big-box retailers is a radical propo-
sition that attempts to alter the essence of mainstream
American suburban fabric. The increased density of
the proposal can be interpreted as direct criticism of
land use in the U.S. that has allowed the development
of sprawling suburban communities to alarming propor-
tions.
13 Michael Bell: Glass House @ 2, Houston, 1998-2000. Pro-
viding high design for low-income housing and challeng-
ing the elitist legacy of the glass-house type, Michael
Bell is rethinking the traditional social boundaries of
architecture. Situated in a medium-density neighbor-
hood in Houston, the house is subject to concerns of
privacy and climate suitability that question the role of
architecture in the development of normative housing
alternatives.
MINING AUTONOMY / 71
14 Interloop Architecture + Design: Klip Binder House, Hous-
ton, 1999. Developing housing units that can be sold as
individual components is an affordable housing solution
that takes advantage of mainstream marketing, financ-
ing, fabrication and shipping techniques. Because the
parts are made by large companies (and in fact are
branded, like the Nike Klips that attach the components
to the binder) they can be custom ordered, fabricated
and shipped to the client in a short time period. Interloop
has also introduced the idea of flexible leasing and sell-
back options, viewing housing as a commodity rather
than the time-honored specialty generated by architects.
Designers: Mark Wamble, Dawn Finley. ProjectTeam: Ana
Miljacki, Blaine Brownell, James Spearman, Peter Koe-
hler, Wyatt Frantom.
15 Filomento Fusco &Victor Kegli:Weiss 104, Berlin, Germany,
2000. Installing a series of laundry machines in Schloss-
platz, a public square in central Berlin, Fusco & Kegli
draw our attention to the highly volatile nature of such
spaces. The political and historical metaphors are clear,
but in addition, the installation presents an instance
where public and private space has been reversed. The
organized distribution of laundry machines brings a level
of informality and everyday utility to what might other-
wise function as simply monumental.
16 Joel Sanders, Vitale Loft Renovation, NewYork, 1997. Sand-
ers directly questions traditional separation of public
and private in the domestic realm. This project's visual
proximity of kitchen and bathroom (separated only by a
translucent panel) juxtaposes normally separate spatial
and functional distinctions.
17 Barkow Leibinger Architekten: Biosphere and Flower Pavil-
ion, Potsdam, Germany, 2001. In nineteenth-century proj-
ects such as Paxton's Crystal Palace, architecture
simply enclosed nature in a neutral glass box Barkow
Leibinger, however, allows these hierarchies to become
more ambiguous; the landscape and architecture take
turns defining the volume of enclosure. Further, within
the biosphere, the circulation and programmatic separa-
tions are all achieved through subtle manipulations of
the landscape's form, color and textural qualities.
18 Latz und Partner, Landschaftspark, Duisburg-Nord, Ger-
many, 2000. Peter Latz converted a derelict steel mill into
a public park, complete with gardens, public squares,
bike paths and a climbing wall. This recycling urbanism
not only cleans and beautifies an otherwise hazardous
industrial site, but it also provides a valuable resource of
public space. By recreating' this factory as 'recreation',
Latz is addressing the problem of how the post-industrial
world deals with its industrial heritage.
19 Mark Rakatansky: Adult Day, Prototype Handrail, Des
Plaines, IL, 1992. Rakatansky's prototype, designed for an
adult day-care center, shifts the valence of the common
handrail from pure functionality to engage questions of
identity. The handrails have been designed with vertical
poles, each topped with a clamp to hold photographs
and other personal items. The reoriented handrail blurs
the functional, aesthetic and bodily.
20 Diller + Scofidio: Blur Project, Swiss Expo, 2000. Diller +
Scofidios use of technology to guide visitors through
their 'blur' building (where one is surrounded by fog)
by means of voices that come into focus only as the
visitor follows a certain trajectory erases architecture's
traditional reliance on the visual, thereby heightening the
awareness of other senses.