Sonnet report ;

William Shakespeare story:

William Shakespeare, a renowned playwright and actor, was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon,
England. In 1582, he married Anne Hathaway and later established himself as a writer and performer in
London during the 1590s. Although it is thought that his career as a playwright began in 1591 with
"Henry VI," there is speculation that he may have collaborated with other writers on this piece. Notably,
"Othello" was his works, which was published in 1604, following closely after "Hamlet" and just before
"King Lear." In total, Shakespeare is credited with writing more than 30 plays.

Shakespeare's plays catered to a diverse audience, appealing to people from all social classes in
Elizabethan society. While many of his dramas were modified and rewritten during the 18th and 19th
centuries, by the Victorian Age, efforts were made to restore his works to their original versions.
Tragically, Shakespeare passed away on his birthday in and was buried in his hometown of Stranford.

*The sonnet is a form of poetry that has been popular and widely used throughout the ages. It
originated in the 13th century as a poem consisting of fourteen lines with a specific rhyme scheme and
structure. The form of the sonnet further developed in the 14th century through the work of Petrarch,
whose sonnets were later translated into English by Sir Thomas Whyatt in the 16th century, introducing
the sonnet form into English literature.

Typically, a sonnet is structured in a way that the first four lines introduce the topic, the second four
lines elaborate on the topic, and the third four lines present a problem. The final two lines, known as the
couple often include a twist or an afterthought. The rhyme pattern of a sonnet usually follows an abab-
cdcd-efef format. However, over the centuries, the conventions of sonnets have evolved, leading to
various sonnet forms. In English literature, poets traditionally use iambic pentameter, with notable
examples being the Spenserian and Shakespearean sonnets. In the poetic Romance era, the
hendecasyllable and Alexandrine meters became widely used, while the Petrarchan sonnet remained
popular in Italy since the 14th century.

Sonnets are often associated with love poetry and frequently employ a poetic diction that includes vivid
imagery. The distinctive shifts from octave to sestet and ultimately to the couplet make the sonnet an
effective and dynamic form for addressing various subjects. Shakespeare's sonnets, in particular, are
renowned and have gained significant recognition in English poetry.

Examples of Sonnets in literature

1. Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet introduced by Italian poet Francesco Petrarch of 14th century. The rhyme
scheme of these sonnets has first eight lines (octet) as abba-abba-cde-dol and the remaining sestet (six
lines) might have different thyme schemes.

*Francesco Petrarch (anglicised as Petrarch)- is most famous for being a poet during the Renaissance era
in Italy and he is born July 20 ,1304
-he was one of the first to significantly solidify sonnet structure.

-Also the sonnet form that use in the 14th century he was the one who create

2.Shakespearean Sonnet

Gennerally written in an iambic pentameter of 10 syllables in each line following abab-cdcd-efef-gg

which is difficult to follow.

.3. Spenserian Sonnet - originally a modified Petrarch, this form introduced a new rhyme scheme abab-
bebe-eded-ee which is specific to sonnets of the poet Sir Edmund Spenser.

* Edmund Spenser - Born on the year 1552

- He was a English poet, he is best known for his work THE FAIRE QUEENE

FREE VERSE

Free Verse - is a poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter, but seeks to capture the
rhythms of speech.

- This kind of form can give you a wide array of information to make a poem more attractive.

Elements of Free-Verse

1. Assonance ‣The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds

Ex . No pain,no gain

2.Alliteration ‣The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of
words or in stressed syllables

EX. "the smooth skaterly and sudden swerve"

3.Imagery ‣ The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas

‣Using sensory language to createmental images

Ex.I feel butterflies in my stomach

4.Onomatopoeia ‣The formation or use of words such as buzz or bang that imitate the sounds
associated with the objects or actions they refer to.

5.Cadence ‣The rhythmic rising and falling of the voice when speaking or reading poetry.

‣The structure of a the poem that emphasis' words and/or phrases.

6.Simile ‣A figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas.
7.Personification ‣ A type of figurative language in which a non-human subject is given human
characteristics.

8.‣An incomplete idea; sentence.

Ex. The into the undet up

* Line breaks ‣ A tool that the poet use to create a particular effec

‣is the termination or the end of the line of a poem and the beginning of a new line. And
also a line break It can happen with or without punctuation and can also happen at any point the poet
sees fit. Depending on the content of the poem, a line break can benefit the tone mood, and the
atmosphere of the piece

THESE ARE SOME USE OF LINE BREAK

1. Line breaks may also serve signal in a change of movement or to suppress or to highlight certain
features of the poem such as a rhyme or slant rhyme

2. Line breaks can be a source of dynamism, providing a method by which poetic forms imbue their
contents with intensifiers and corollary meanings that would not possible to the same degree in other
forms of a text

A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF FREE VERSE

During the Renaissance and Medieval Period, free verse poetry was already in use although it was not
yet circulated hat much. That time, poets only wrote and read poems with exact syllables and rhymes.
But as time went by, the contemporary poets easily explored new variables to make the reading of a
poem more enjoyable through proper tone and pauses.

Walt Whitman - He is the one who develop or be the first to use the free verse movement

- He is referred today as the " father of free verse

PROSE POEM OR NARRATIVE POETRY

Prose and Poetry

* Prose - is derived from the Latin word "prosa' which means "Straightforward"

- is the term for natrative writing

ex; Typically written in prose are novel and short stories

*Poetry- is usually witten with a poetic meter (a set rhythm) is not typically plot driven and make heavy
use of imagery and metaphor
 DIFFERENTS OF PROSE AND POETRY

PROSE

1.Prose does not pay attention to rhyme and rhythm

2.The writer usually has no word limit.

3.Ideas are written in sentence; sentence are grouped into paragraphs

4.Language is more natural and grammatical

5.Can be understood by reading

POETRY

1.Poetry pays attention to rhyme and rhythm

2.Poets use a limited number of words Ideas are written in line; lines grouped into stanza

3.Language is figurative and rhythmical

4.More than one reading maybe needed to understand the meaning

* Prose Poem- is also known as prose poetry. is a example of hybrid genre of witing

-kind of narrative of narrative with no exact rhyming and pattern

- prose poem is just like the free verse theirs no exact rhyming However, the difference
between a prose poem and a free verse poem is the pauses.

When you read an example of a free verse, you can cut them on every word if necessary; unlike in the
prose poem where you can do the pauses at the end of each line even if the particular line ends with a
comma or a period or none at all.

-Prose poem is simply defined is a poem without the line breaks.

-The prose poem aims to connect the reader with some image, story, or experience, using poetic
qualities, but without using line breaks.

[The prose poem's] principal characteristics are those that would insure unity even in brevity and poetic
quality even without the line breaks of free verse: high patterning rhythmic and figural repetition,
sustained intensity, and compactness.
 A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF PROSE POEM

Prose poems were written in the early 19th century by the German poets Friedrich Hölderlin and
Novalis, and at the end of the century by Rainer Maria Rilke. The 20th century saw a renewed interest in
the form in such works as Pierre Reverdy’s Poèmes en prose (1915) and in the works of the French poet
Saint-John Perse.

Aloysius Bertrand and Charles Baudelaire were among the first writers to produce famous prose poems
and the form soon proliferated across Europe.