QUARTER 3 | S.Y.
2023-2024
Lesson 1: Advent
● A season of waiting and preparation
● Came from the Latin word “adventus” and
Greek word “Parousia” both means
‘coming/arrival’
● It is the first season that we celebrate in
our liturgical calendar as Catholics
● A time of preparation for our hearts and
minds of Christ’s birth
● A new liturgical year begins with advent
because we are reliving the anticipation of
Israel for the coming or arrival of the
promised Messiah or Jesus
● Consists of 4 Sundays and weekdays
leading to the celebration of Christmas (4
sundays = 4000 years of waiting for the
Messiah)
● Readings from this season are those of
chaos or destruction
● This season is a time of hope
● “Awaken! Remember that God comes! Not
yesterday, not tomorrow, but today, now!”
– Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI
➔ Christ the King - before Advent;
last Sunday of Ordinary Time (Nov.
26, 2023)
➔ Christmas - season after advent
➔ Epiphany - season after christmas
Why do we need to celebrate Advent?
➔ This is how God showed his love among us:
He sent his one and only Son into the world
that we might live through him. 1 John 4:9
Advent Candles
★ The first candle is color purple and is
called the “Prophet’s Candle”
★ The second candle is also color purple and
it is called “Bethlehem’s Candle”
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★ The third candle is color rose and is called
“Shepherd’s Candle”
★ The fourth candle is color purple and is
called “Angel’s Candle”
➔ The Advent Candles represents the
4 weeks of advent as one candle is
lit each Sunday
➔ Three of the candles are purple,
which symbolizes time of prayer,
penance, and sacrifice
What have you realized after knowing the
meaning of advent?
➔ If something is important to you, you will
learn to wait and prepare yourself.
➔ Advent season is not about the gifts that
you will receive for Christmas but is about
remembering how loving God is that he
gave His only begotten Son to be our
redeemer.
Liturgical Calendar
● Basis of colors that we use and scriptures
that we read, and ceremonies we
performed.
○ It is the official calendar of the Church that
have five major seasons of celebrations
● Gregorian calendar - usual calendar in
our homes or offices
○ The Liturgical Calendar is patterned based
on the life of Jesus Christ
5 Major Seasons of Celebrations
01. Advent (Dec. 3 - Dec. 24)
★ Time when we prepare ourselves
for the first coming of Messiah or
the Nativity of Christ
★ Advent Wreath - we assemble this
to mark the passage of this season
★ Color: Purple - color widely seen
inside the church because it
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 symbolizes the royalty of the
coming of the King Jesus Christ and
the penitential tone of advent.
02. Christmas
★ Time to celebrate the birth of our
Lord Jesus Christ
★ This season includes the solemnity
of Mary the Mother of God (Dec. 8),
the Epiphany (Jan. 06), and the
Feast of the Holy Family (Dec. 31)
★ Colors: White and gold - colors
seen in the vestments of the priest
and ministers and in the mantles of
the altars.
03. First Period of the Ordinary Time
★ Prepares us to the next season of
celebrations
★ Season of growth
★ Starts during the week of baptism
of Jesus in the Jordan river
★ Color: Green, symbolizing season of
growth.
04. Lent
★ Season when we prepare for the
commemoration of Jesus’ passion,
death, and resurrection
★ Ash wednesday (wednesday six
and a half weeks before Easter; Feb.
22, 2023; Feb. 14, 2024) – beginning
of Lent.
★ Color: Purple, symbolizing
penitence
★ Leads us to Paschal Triduum
(three-day commemoration of
Jesus’ passion) o Triduum is done
during Holy Thursday, Good Friday,
and Black Saturday
05. Easter
★ Starts on Easter Vigil (Mar. 30, 2024)
★ Christmas celebrate the triumph of
Christ over death in his resurrection
and sharing in his new life through
baptism
★ Colors: White and gold
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★ Paschal candles are lighted during
this season, which symbolizes Jesus
as the light of the world
★ Ends with Pentecost Sunday o Color
red is used during this Sunday,
which signifies the flame of the
Holy Spirit
06. Second Period of the Ordinary Time
★ Longer period of Ordinary Time
★ Color: Green
★ Solemnity of Christ the King -
ending of the Ordinary Time and
liturgical year. O Finale of the
liturgical calendar because we
acknowledge Christ as a king and
savior
Parts of an Advent Wreath
☆ Wreath
The wreath, which is made of various
evergreens, signifies continuous life (green
means hope)
☆ Circle of the Wreath
The circle of the wreath, which has no
beginning or end, symbolizes eternity of
God, the immortality of the soul, and the
everlasting life we find in Christ.
Men of Advent
Joseph and John illustrate to us their selflessness
and its fruits that hope can only be realized and
made concrete if it is expressed in another word
together.
☆ Joseph
➔ Instrumental to the birth of Jesus
➔ Mary and the child in her womb
would not have survived danger
without him
➔ He was good news to Mary and to
God, whose will he fulfilled to the
son of God whom he named Jesus.
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 ➔ His protection and support to Mary
and Jesus is good news to us.
➔ Joseph and Mary faced the
difficulties that came with their
mission and participation in God’s
plan of salvation.
➔ Their togetherness was one reason
why they never lost hope.

☆ John (the baptist)

➔ His selflessness brought many
people to the path of reconciliation
with God and to following Jesus
➔ John’s preaching and baptism of
water for the forgiveness of sins
was good news to people of his
time, especially to those who
wanted to reform their lives.
➔ John accompanied the sinners who
were deemed hopeless and taught
them how to reform their lives
➔ He baptized them with water for the
forgiveness of their sins

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Lesson 2: Making Moral Decisions
We are shaped by our choices. Every moral
choice we make reveals the kind of person we are
and forms the kind of person we will become.
Ways by which people make Moral Decisions:
★ Toss Coin - Decision making based on
chance, external events or circumstances.
★ Individualistic decisions - Deciding based
only on one’s prejudices or preferences
without the regard for the good of others or
the wisdom of moral norms.
★ Passive conformist decisions - Putting too
much emphasis on what others say
without considering one’s emotions and
the guidance of one’s conscience.
★ Holistic decisions - Considering all the
important elements of making good moral
decisions.
Holistic decision is the aim of each and everyone
of us as it recognize our being true Filipino
Christian persons-in-community
3 ELEMENTS OF EVERY MORAL ACT
The Act “What was the act committed?”
The Intention “Why did he/she do it?”
The Circumstances of the Act “What other facts
must be considered?”
STEPS IN MAKING MORAL DECISION-MAKING
● Investigate the facts of the moral act.
⤷ Identify and understand the object
or nature of the act, the intention for
doing the act, and the
circumstances surrounding the act.
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○ Inquire about the moral norms affecting
your act.
⤷ Consult the wisdom of family and
friends, as well as the wisdom of
moral norms.
● Imagine alternatives and their short term
and long term consequences.
⤷ Effective moral decision making
involves the use of our imagination
to foresee the possible effects or
possible alternatives relative to the
moral act in question.
○ Introspect
⤷ Listen to your emotions but do not
depend on your decision with your
emotion.
● Implore God’s help in prayer.
⤷ As Christ’s followers, we ought to
seek His guidance in prayer before,
during, and after making our moral
decision. Christ himself always
prayed at the most important
crossroads of his life (e.g., during
his ministry, before his passion, in
the Garden of Gethsemane).
○ Implement the judgment of your
conscience.
⤷ One must have the courage and
resolve to do what one has
discerned or reflected upon. Even if
one has made a thorough
discernment by going through the
first 5 elements of moral
decision-making, choosing to do
what one has clearly discerned is
another step, requiring a firm
resolve and much courage.
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Virtue
➔ Any developed capacity of mind or will to
accomplish moral good (CFC 979)
➔ Arise from habits or “learned dispositions
to act in a particular way” (CFC 979)
Genesis 1:26
Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our
image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over
the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over
the livestock and all the wild animals, [a] and
over all the creatures that move along the
ground.”
● As Christians who constantly strive to do
what Christ wants us to do in our particular
situations, we are fashioned, through
grace, after Christ’s likeness.
● Making moral decisions allows us to
discover and nurture the seeds of Christian
virtue within us, which are sources of
motivation and power to do what is truly
good.
Cardinal Virtue
“Cardo” which means “hinge”. They can be
acquired through habitual doing of good works
thus you cannot do moral actions without
cardinal virtues.
★ Prudence - the virtue of good moral
judgment or wisdom. A prudent person is
able to discern what is truly good in every
circumstance and choose the right means
to achieve it.
★ Fortitude - the virtue of moral strength or
moral courage. It is the capacity to resist
temptation and pursue what is good
despite obstacles. Thus, a person of
fortitude has the ability to endure,
overcome difficulties, and sacrifice to do
what is good. He/she has the firm will to
stand up for what is good, true, and just in
the face of adversity or opposition, just like
Christ who kept steadfastly to His Father’s
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plan despite fanatical opposition and
persecution.
★ Justice - the firm will to give persons their
due. A truly just person is one who
genuinely respects all persons, acts
compassionately toward all those in need,
and has a firm sense of responsibility.
★ Temperance - the virtue of moderation or
self mastery. A person who exemplifies
temperance manages his or her emotions,
drives, and impulses and expresses them
appropriately. He/she does not engage
excessively in any one pursuit and
demonstrates exceptional self-discipline.
Theological Virtues
(supernatural virtues) can only be acquired as a
gift from God; obtained the seven sacraments.
★ Faith - the virtue of believing in God and
seeking to know and do His will (CCC 1814).
A person of faith values and nurtures
his/her relationship with God and views
every experience as an opportunity to
encounter Him.
★ Hope - the virtue by which we desire and
actively await the promise of God’s
Kingdom and our own sharing in God’s
eternal life. A true person of hope
confronts everyday realities and problems
with joy that stems from his/her
unshakable certainty in the fulfillment of
God’s promises.
★ Love - sometimes called the mother of all
virtues. This is because love is the primary
source of and motivation for growing in all
the other virtues. A person who exemplifies
love lives out his/her love for God through
acts of service to others. In Christ, we find
fullness of love, the greatest of all virtues.
“Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not
on your own understanding; in all your ways
submit to him, and he will make your paths
straight” - Proverbs 3: 5-6
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Lesson 3: Sin and Grace
★ Sin as the greatest obstacle in freedom
★ Sin as the rejection of the good to which
our conscience directs us
★ Sin as refusal of God’s love revealed to us
in moral law
Definition of Sin
➔ An offense against God, reason, truth, and
right conscience
➔ It is a failure in genuine love for God and
other people
When is sin a sin for you?
⤷ When it causes pain and damage to a
relationship.
Why is it important to confess or admit our sins?
⤷ To show our honesty and our apology to
our wrongdoings.
Kinds of Sin
Original Sin (kasalanang mana)
☆ Story of Adam and Eve who disobeyed
God’s command and ate the fruit of the
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
☆ sinful act of our first parents (originating
sin)
☆ consequences of this sinful act (originated
sin)
Mortal Sin
☆ Removes a person from the State of Grace
and therefore denies them the reward to
go to Heaven. A baptized person who dies
with mortal sin on his/her soul will go to
hell.
☆ It is a mortal sin when an individual
committed the sin with full knowledge and
did it deliberately. (EX: theft, murder,
adultery etc.)
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Venial Sin
☆ A slight sin that does not entail damnation
of the soul.
☆ It does not bring us eternal punishment.
Personal Sin
☆ Results when we give in to our
self-centered tendencies and freely
choose to do what we know is morally evil.
☆ A personal sin may take the form of an
impure thought, a false or hurtful world, or
an evil deed.
Social Sin
☆ Any situation or structure that causes or
supports evil, or that fails, because of
apathy or involvement in it, to correct a
moral evil when it is possible.
☆ Corruption, bribery, consumerism,
prejudice against the poor
Concupiscence
★ Concupiscence is not a free moral act but
an inner attraction to act in a sinful way, it
is not a sin in itself.
★ One of the effects of Adam and Eve’s first
sin is our inner attraction to sin.
★ Spiritual weakness, experience in our
basic tendencies, becomes an inner
obstacle to our true freedom.
Capital Sins
01. Pride - exalting oneself beyond what is due
and true
02. Lust - disordered desire for or inordinate
enjoyment of sexual pleasure
03. Anger - destructive aggressiveness
04. Gluttony - excessive indulgence in food or
drink
05. Envy - begrudging others their talents or
success and wishing them evil
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 06. Greed - desiring what belongs to others,
which leads to dishonestly, stealing and
injustice
07. Sloth - laziness and escape from exerting
due effort
Effects of Sin
➔ Sin alienates us from God
⤷ God’s glory is deprived to us when
we sin
➔ Sin alienates us from ourselves
⤷ Sin breaks and destroys the sinner.
Sin multiplies itself through the
vices repeatedly done
➔ Sin alienates us from others
⤷ Sin affects our relationship with
others. We hurt others when we sin.
We destroy the unity and
communion in the Church, leading
to separation and harm in her
members.
Sacrament of Reconciliation
“In this sacrament we will encounter a God who
does not delight in giving punishment but a God
of justice, mercy and compassion.”
➔ It means “to bring back together” or “to
restore”
➔ It is a sacrament of healing that those
who approach it obtain God’s pardon, at
the same time reconciled with the Church
through their work of charity and prayer.
Why do we still commit sin after Baptism?
● Baptism takes away our original sin but it
does not get rid of the weakness of human
nature.
● As we become mature, we will commit
temptation that will allow us to sin, it is a
lifelong struggle that requires continuously
the grace of Christ through the sacrament
of reconciliation.
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Why is it essential or important for us to do
Confession?
● Jesus loves us and wants to be our friend
● When we sin, we turn away from Jesus and
it is through reconciliation that helps us to
“come back” to God and to the
community.
Why do we need to confess our sins to Priests?
● Jesus entrusted the ministry of
reconciliation to the apostles; as
successors of the apostles, priests
continue to act in this ministry as official
representatives of God and the faith
community
How often should a Catholic go to Confession?
● A catholic should confess any grave sin as
defined by the Ten Commandments at
least once a year. This sacrament is
helpful in our spiritual and moral growth, it
is recommended that we go to confession
once a month.
6 STEPS IN THE SACRAMENT OF
RECONCILIATION
01. Examination of Conscience
☆ Spend some time alone thinking
about what you may have done
wrong
02. Welcoming
☆ When you are ready you go to the
priest. The priest will then welcome
you in the name of the Church and
will invite you to make the “Sign of
the Cross”
03. Confession
☆ You confess your sins by telling the
priest what you have done wrong.
☆ After you have finished, the priest
will advise you and tell you how to
be a better person.
04. Penance
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 ☆ The priest gives you a penance, the
action you have to carry out to
show that you are sorry.
☆ It may be a prayer you have to say
or something you have to do.
05. Act of Contrition
☆ This prayer we say shows that we
are really sorry for our sins
☆ “O my God, I am very sorry that I
have sinned against You who are
so good. With the help of your
grace I shall not sin again. Amen”
06. Absolution
☆ The priest lays his hand over your
head and prays. He asks God to
forgive you in the name of the
Church.
☆ With this, the Sacrament is over but
remember to carry out the
penance given to you by the priest.

NOTE for CLE EXAM

★ The work of our salvation is
accomplished in the liturgy especially in
the Divine Sacrifice of the Eucharist
⤷ Sacrosanctum Concilium

Page 8 Grade 10 | Semester 2 | Quarter 3 | CLE Good Luck !