Education Planning

Dr. Radhika
Abstract
This research paper, education planning and administration provides relevant
information regarding the developmentand preparation ofeducation. The researcher
has made an attempt to emphasize that what are all the crucial areas that form an
integral part of education planning and administration. In an educational
institution, what kinds of norms, values, policies, procedures, rules and regulations
have to be taken into account in order to implement appropriate planning and
administration. The planning and administration of education is not a simple and a
straightforward task, it requires number of factors that are required to get
investigated, analyzed and put into practice. In the area of education planning and
administration, it is important to formulate measures and procedures to prevent the
students from dropping out of schools, there have been number of reasons due to
which individuals drop out from schools, hence retaining of students is an
important area of education planning and administration. Another vital area that
needs to be taken under consideration is implementation of the leadership roles by
the academic managers within educational institutions, the teachers are required to
effectively implement the professional values and personal commitment towards
their tasks, duties and responsibilities.

Keywords: Education Planning, Administration, Economic System,

Fundamentals, Manpower, Professional Values, Personal Commitment,

Introduction

Education is considered to be a norm, a policy, and an institution; it is

something that is imperative for the survival of the human being. A human being
who is not educated will certainly face problems and difficulties in accomplishing
the goals and targets which are essential for existence. Education means possessing
the knowledge, information, in other words, becoming aware of the ideas, values
and the notions. Education is even considered to be a lifelong process, there is no
age of education, and an individual can even get enrolled in an institution at the
age of sixty or above. There have been various stages of education, at the initial
stage, an individual undergoes preschool education, then comes the primary
education, upper primary education, secondary education, higher secondary,
college and university education. University education is always considered to be
optional; it is up to the individual to decide whether he wants to pursue a degree
after schooling.

Besides the stages of education, there have been different kinds of education
such as early childhood care and education, adult education, distance education,
continuing education, formal education, informal education, primary education,
special needs education, lifelong learning, secondary education, tertiary education
and so forth. All kinds of education need to be appropriately planned, organized
and administered; procedures have to be followed in order to formulate curriculum
and instructional methodologies, teaching methods, policies, rules and regulations
of the educational institutions, technological requirements etc. In other words, the
area of education does require scheduling, arrangement, direction and
management; therefore, it is essential to understand education planning and
administration.

Education Planning

Planning is the prescribed procedure of making decisions for the future of

individuals and organizations. Planning consists of dealing withgoals and
objectives, selecting accurateapproaches and series to achieve the endeavors,
determining and allocating the resources required and ensuring that plans are
communicated to all concerned. Plans are statement of articles to be performed and
the progression and timings in which they should be done in order to achieve the
desired end.There are two basic kinds of planning: strategic and operational.
Strategic planning, also known as long term, wide-ranging, assimilated, general
and administrative planning, has three dimensions: the classification and
assessment of future opportunities, intimidations and consequences; the process of
scrutinizing an organization’s surroundings and developing well-
matchedobjectives along with the appropriate strategies with policies capable of
achieving those objectives; and the amalgamation of the various components of
planning into an overall structure of plans so that each unit of the organization
knows in advance what must be done when and by whom. Operational planning,
also known as divisional planning; is concerned with the accomplishment of the
larger goals and strategies that have been determined by strategic planning; it is
also concerned with enhancingexistingprocedures and with the distribution of
sources through the operating budget (Aggarwal & Thakur, 2003).

With respect to an educational institution, there are various kinds of

planning that need to be implemented in accordance with the occurrence of
situations and circumstances. Macro planning, it deals with the broad plans, such
as aggregates, averages as National income, Per Capita Income etc. micro
planning, comprises of retaining students in schools, whether capable students
achieve scholarships on time, and how schools can be provided in individual
surroundings. Another type of planning is strategic planning, it is maintaining a
connection between an institution’s objectives and resources and it’s
environmental opportunities; next is contingency planning, this determines the
actions to be implemented by the individuals at times of occurrences of
uncharacteristic opportunities or circumstances. Corporate planning is a technique
that aims to integrate all the planning functions of the institution and relate them to
the best objectives; manpower planning is an essential planning function, capable
manpower needs to be recruited within the institutions that possess all the required
knowledge, awareness and abilities; process planning is the planning that
determines how the process or the function or the procedure needs to be put into
operation in order to accomplish the desired goals and objectives and finally comes
the indicative planning or the participative planning, it is the planning by
agreement and sign of desirable goals and targets rather than by obligation or
declaration (Aggarwal & Thakur, 2003).

Overview of Education Planning and Administration

In education planning and administration, there are the following points that
need to be taken under consideration: (Martin, 2009).

1. The relationship between public administration, state planning and

management of education needs to be recognized and acknowledged; there
should be identification of the strengths and weaknesses.
2. Determining command and the application of the planning function in the
education sector.
3. The terms and conditions that have been developed between administration
and the management in the education sector.
4. In the education sector, it is vital to be professional in all the dealings and
implications; professionalism is mandatory while dealing with students,
teachers, parents and even colleagues and employers.
5. Strategic planning in educational settings, every educational institution has
goals and objectives to achieve, for the purpose of the achievement of
objectives, it is essential to analyze the environmental opportunities
accessible and the availability of resources and reserves within the
institution.
6. Conceptions of the value chain and business process in relation to the
planning and management of resources in the education sector; it is crucial
to plan and appropriately manage the resources so that there is not any kind
of misuse.
7. Re-engineering and the management of educational organizations.
Educational institutions need to be organized, planned and managed in an
accurate manner so that there can be even appropriate ways to deal with
predicaments and difficult situations.
8. Stakeholder analysis and educational planning. The analysis of the
stakeholders and accurate planning of the instructional methods, rules,
polices, curriculum and teaching-learning methodologies etc comes under
education planning and administration.
9. Output, outcomes, and impact measurement in the education sector, its
administration and implications for planning.
10.Public accountability, availability of stipends, scholarships for capable
students, provision of other benefits such as mid-day meals in some schools,
even organization of activities, picnics, events, and competitions are all
essential features that need to be taken under consideration in educational
planning, administration and management.
Fundamentals of Educational Planning
Educational planning is a comprehensive area that needs to take under
consideration number of factors that those factors have been stated as
follows: (Prinborgne, 2002).
Education and Development–In the case of education and development, as it
has been stated above a number of factors need to be taken under
consideration such as course content, syllabus, lesson plans, curriculum and
instructional strategies, teaching methodologies, functions and activities
within the school and so forth. The development is mainly concerned with
the overall development of the students, their goals, objectives and
personality; therefore, this factor is considered to be fundamental to
educational planning.
Equity Considerations – This is also considered to be an imperative concept;
in some of the schools in Rajasthan in rural areas, teachers do discriminate
and feel that students are incapable of learning and accomplishing major
goals; there should not be any kind of discriminatory treatment amongst the
students or on the part of the school authorities on the basis of factors such
as class, caste, gender, religion, ethnicity or socioeconomic background. It is
illegal to discriminate between students and educators should feel that every
student should be capable of learning and achieving if they are trained
appropriately and they work meticulously.
Quality of Education –The quality of imparting instruction and learning to
the students also is a matter of great concern; the quality of education should
be in accordance with the standards, appropriate teaching and learning
methods should be adopted; for example, when imparting teaching to the
students, the instructors have to make sure that they have understood well;
making them read on their own, explaining to them in writing rather than
orally, dictating notes of the students are all helpful instructional techniques
that would enhance the quality of education. Besides classroom instruction,
organization of extracurricular activities, competitions, picnics, events and
so forth are also helpful ways to improve the quality of education.