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12/27/21, 1:53 PM Management Information and Decision Sciences
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Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences Volume, Issue 1, 2022
LESSONS LEARNED AND THE POTENTIAL OF THAI

VHVS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COVID-19
CONTROL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Ranee Wongkongdech, Mahasarakham University
Sirinart Tongsiri, Mahasarakham University
Darunee Puangpronpitag, Mahasarakham University
Adisorn Wongkongdech, Mahasarakham University
Wanwimon Mekwimon Kingkaew*, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
ABSTRACT
The current COVID-19 pandemic is emerging disease and continuing increase, this study
aimed to explore and test associations between health literacy (HL) and COVID-19 prevention
behavior, including Lessons Learned among Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) in 8 sub-districts in the
community building community happiness project area of Regional Health 7, Thailand. A cross-
sectional, self-report questionnaire study and focus group discussion was conducted in July 2020-
May 2021 with 359 participants. Pearson correlation statistics and multiple linear regressions were
used to test the association between factors. A qualitative study was used by group discussion and in-
depth interview. The results found that; About 87.2% were females, completed secondary school
(61.2 %). 71.9%) can search, read and share information by online and received Covid19
information from online, television and health workers more than 10 time (46.8%). They participated
with disease control activities over 85%. HL level were high (Mean3.81±0.77) and sufficient
(Scores>=3.61, 64.6%), prevention behaviours were suitable (Mean=3.72±0.58), but some
behaviour may be at risk of infection include rubbing the eyes, picking the nose or touching the face
without washing hands, socialize and talk closely with friends, go to crowded places without wearing
masks or coughing and sneezing without covering the mouth and nose. There was a high correlation
of VHVs’ literacy and prevention behaviour with statistical significance (p value < 0.01). Although
the community participation for prevention and disease surveillance system has a strengthen, and the
VHVs have a good role, but the main problem of people was also mistake beliefs and attitudes about
vaccination resulting in a low injection coverage rate. This will be providing public relations media
and educate the people for correct understanding about causes, severity, prevention, adequate
supply of medical personnel and VHVs. particularly, getting vaccine for immunity.
Keywords: Health literacy; COVID-19; COVID-19 prevention behaviors; Village health

volunteers (VHVs); Lessons learned COVID-19 control of Thailand.
INTRODUCTION
COVID-19 is a new emerging disease that destroys the way of life, economic system, and
work of people around the world. Thailand has a continuous epidemic of COVID-19 and has
been 121st of world ranking. The COVID19 data report on 31st August 2021 was 1,175,866
1 1532-5806-25-1-110
Citation Information: Wongkongdech, R., Tongsiri, S., Puangpronpitag, D., Wongkongdech, A., & Kingkaew, W. M. (2022).
Lessons learned and the potential of thai vhvs on the effectiveness of covid-19 control: a cross-sectional
study. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 25(1), 1-12.
cumulative confirmed cases, 14,355 new cases, 11,495 cumulative deaths (0.96 percent), while
5,003 cases were severe cases (1,042 wearing ventilators). Most of them lived in Bangkok and
metropolitan area, meanwhile, the Northeast region was ranked at 3rd with the highest number of
cases. (DDC, 2021)
Thailand has established the Center for COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA)
with Prime Minister General Prayut Chan-ocha as the meeting director and team as a
spokesperson for presenting news events on television, radio or online newspaper, etc. The
measures to control the disease include: Legal for government administration in emergency
situations infectious disease control (Stage quarantined/ lockdown), allocating budgets for the
provision of medicines, necessary preventive equipment, vaccines and therapeutics for this novel
coronavirus and assistance to people in distress, particularly economic recovery business,
particularly adjusting the health system to facilitate effective disease prevention and control both
the health service system at each level of the hospital able to care/promoting health behavior for
disease prevention (wearing mask) and deliver with quality, safety, with a structured rate of
manpower to work sufficiently. But problems and obstacles discovered include a lack of
cooperation, namely, non-wearing of masks, non-social distancing, apparatus and equipment - a
deficiency of instruments and equipment, people lack the understanding of COVID -19
communicable disease, insufficient budget, and insufficient medical personnel Wittaya
Chinnabutr and Naphat Phakdisorawit (2021).
Health Literacy refers to individual competences to access, understand, appraise and
apply health information and services to make appropriate health decisions (Lynn Nielsen-
Bohlman et al., 2004; CDC, 2020), and is of concern to everyone involved in health promotion
and protection, disease prevention and early screening, health care and maintenance, and policy
making (Lynn Nielsen-Bohlman et al., 2004). But there is no a standard tool to assess HL at the
regional and national level (Wimol Roma et al., 2018).
Primary Health care (PHC) in Thailand is one of the oldest in the world and is known
worldwide for its success with 4 principles of 1) equitable distribution of health care 2)
community participation 3) use of appropriate technology and 4) multisectoral approach, became
as main context for PHC development in Thailand (The Primary Health Care Division, 2014).
Supporting the concept of community involvement, the Village Health Volunteer (VHV) is the
backbone of this health care delivery system, management, communicates and response to global
and country epidemic situations across the country, there are more than 1,040,000 of VHVs
(WHO, 2019). They have been developing the potential for surveillance, but COVID-19 is a new
emerging disease that providing protection information or control the disease, despite having
communicated and educated the public in many channels, It is imperative that the VHV has a
good understanding of COVID-19 and is ready to be health leader in their community (Samroeng
Yangkratok et al., 2020). But there has never been an assessment of HL, prevention behavior and
association between factors. This study will show the ability and role of them to take action in
the area. Including the study of lessons learned or policies or methods for surveillance,
prevention and control of disease. The role of organizations in the community in the model area
of community to create happiness that has been driven since 2019 by the Public Health Support
Division Department of Health Service Support Ministry of Public Health in each province, 2
sub-districts, which are in the process of evaluating the outcomes occurring in the community.
VHV on surveillance, prevention and control of COVID-19 and to study management lessons
2 1532-5806-25-1-110
both during the epidemic crisis and the remission period how it is done, by whom, and what is
the result? Did it meet expectations? Are there any obstacles? For prevalence. The implications
of this for health service provision, and control in Thailand are serious.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Site
This study was carried out in 8 sub-districts in the community building community
happiness project area of Regional Health 7 Thailand namly; Tumbol NongKaen, Amphur
Phatoomratana and Tumbol Sa-artsomboon, Amphur Muang, Roi-Et province; Tumbol None
Khom , Amphur Phoophamarn and Tumbol None Kong, Amphur Ban Phang, Khon Kaen
province; Tumbol Srisuk, Amphur Kantarawichai and Tumbol Por Pan, Amphur Nachuik,
Mahasarakham province; Tumbol Nongtokpan, and Tumbol Ei Tue and Amphur Yang Talad,
Kalasin province. The study was implemented with the agreement and support of the Governor,
the chief of Provincial Health Office, the chief of Tambon Health Promotion Hospital and the
village headman.
Study Design and Participants
This study used a cross-sectional survey design with self-answer questionnaire for HL
and Covid19 prevention behavior then in-depth interview and focus group discussion for the
lessons learned from Covid19 of VHV missions. A questionnaire survey was 359 participants
selected using the multistage random sampling method among VHVs in 8 areas who act in the
community for at least six months. Each area was calculated by the random number
proportionally.
Instrument and Data Collection
The questionnaire covered 2 main areas; 1) HL and COVID-19 prevention behavior among
VHVs 2) Lessons from Covid19 of VHV missions in the community.
The questionnaire was drafted based on Nutbeam’s and European Health Literacy survey
framework (1982) and was applied by Wimol Roma (2017). It was pre-tested for plain language
with experts and 30 general people. And administered through self-answer questionnaire. Focus
groups were conducted for qualitative analysis. The internal consistency reliability was
confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha (Cronbach & Shavelson, 2004). All the Cronbach’s alphas
are 0.967 which indicates satisfactory internal consistency reliability for the whole
questionnaire.
The data collection team was the researchers. All participants received a small souvenir
after interviews. The participants were explained the purpose of the study, their rights to
participate and assured them that their information would be kept confidential. Consent forms
were handed out for all participants.
3 1532-5806-25-1-110
Statistical Analyses
All questionnaire data was checked, coded, rechecked and double entered into Excel
spreadsheet database and then validated using Epi-Info (version 3.5.4). The data were then
transformed and all data were analyzed using Stata (v 13.0). Descriptive statistics were used to
describe demographic characteristics, HL and COVID19 prevention behavior. Suppose the
number of cases of missing values, we omit those values from the analysis. Pearson's Chi-square
test was used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the
disease prevention behaviors of epidemic and refractory periods and binary logistic regression
was used to test the association between factors.
Ethical Reviews
This research proposal was reviewed and approved by the Mahasarakham University
Ethics Committee for Human Research (No. 232/2563).
RESULTS
Social-Demographic and Covid19 Prevention Information Sources
Of the 359 participants, 87.2% were females, mean age 52.3 ±8.2 years (range 31 to 79
years), 61.2 % completed high school and primary school (32.1%) respectively. 79.6% are
farmer with income between 1,000 to 20,000 THB but almost 80% of them less than 10,000
THB
Their Covid19 information came from various sources, such as, television (37.9%),
health personnel (46.5%) or internet (15.6%). They received more than 5 times (29.0%) to 10
times (46.8%), but most of them (71.9%) can’t search, read and shared about COVID-19
information. Above of 85 % participated in activities for preventing COVID-19 outbreak in their
community, such as, health education (wearing a face mask, washing hand, eating hot food, stay
home when sick/ social distancing etc.). By knocking on the door every house (26.5%) including,
set up checkpoints for screening diseases (market, religious ceremony at the hose house/ temple,
school etc.) 24.0% (Table 1).
TABLE 1
PARTICIPANTS’ DEMOGRAPHICS, SOURCE OF COVID19 INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION
OF VHVS FOR DISEASE CONTROL. (N=359)
Characteristics Number %
Total participants 359 26.8
Female 313 61.6
Male 46 38.4
Mean Age 52.3, SD 8.2, Range 31-79 years
Education level
Unlettered 4 1.1
Primary school 115 32
4 1532-5806-25-1-110
High school 220 61.2

Diploma 10 2.8
Bachelor's degree 7 1.9
Postgraduate 3 0.9
Occupation
Agriculture 281 78.3
Self-employ 47 13.1
Business 18 5
housekeeper 3 2.5
Government officer 4 1.1
Monthly income (n=339)
Less than 5,000 (THB) 141 39.3
5,000-10,000 (THB) 137 38.2
10,000-20,000 (THB) 55 15.3
More than 20,000 (LAK) “ “ 6 1.2
Range 1,000-40,000 (THB)
Ability to search, read and share Covid19 information
Can’t do 258 71.9
Can do well 40 11.1
Sometimes yes, sometimes no. 61 17
Source of Information for Covid19 Learning
Internet 56 15.6
Television 136 71.9
Health worker 167 46.5
Frequency of training about Covid19 control and prevention
Less than 5 times 87 24.2
5-10 times 104 29
More than 10 times 168 46.8
Participated in activities for preventing COVID-19 outbreak in their community
Not participate 53 14.8
Health education by knocking on the door every house 94 26
Groups screening for covid19 86 24
Covid19 prevention campaign in the community 95 26.5
Community development plan for Disease control 31 8.6
HL and Covid19 Prevention Behaviors
HL of VHVs for Covid19 management
5 1532-5806-25-1-110
Overall, the level of HL was medium (Mean=3.73, S.D. =1.07), However, separate 4
domains showed that; the individual competences to access health care service information were
medium and Understanding health information and services were medium (3.58±1.07; 3.40
±1.29), whereas, Appraising and applying health information and services and making
appropriate health decisions were high (4.00±0.62; 4.24 ±0.52), (Table 2). Then was analyzed
the item in each domain which had only low to medium level about accessing, searching the
information in each item, 25-40% could do it in a low level and 65-75% were medium level,
such as; accessing Covid19 report from billboards/ electronic media or social media; Knowing
the source where presentation on disease and prevention; Searching and providing information
on service resources for examination, treatment and health promotion for disease prevention and
control for people in the community; Finding accurate information and to advice the people in
community to buy medicines, supplements, herbs or products for preventing the spread of
COVID-19 (mass face chill, alcohol) (44% had low level); Identifying and providing the details
of resources of disease detection, treatment, and quarantine for COVID-19 or advising about
COVID-19 prevention to people in the community (Table 3).
TABLE 2
HL OF COVID19 MANAGEMENT (N=359)
individual
Appraise and apply Make
The level competences to access Understand health information
health information and appropriate
of HL health care service and services
services health decisions
information
n(%) ̅ (S.D.) n(%) ̅ (S.D.) n (%) ̅ (S.D.) n(%) ̅ (S.D.)
high 211(58.9) 3.58 217(60.6) 3.4 233(65.1) 4 298(83.2) 4.24
Medium 62(17.3) -1.07 53(14.8) -1.29 123(34.4) -0.62 58(16.2) -0.52
Low 85(23.7) 88(24.6) 2(0.6) 2(0.6)
Overall of HL of Covid19 level = 3.73,S.D.(0.49) (Moderate)
Level was defined for scoring mean, as ‘‘Low’’= 1.0-2.33, ‘‘Medium’’ =2.34-3.66 and ‘‘High’’ = 3.67-5.0)
TABLE 3
HL OF COVID19 FOR MANAGEMENT IN EACH ITEM WHICH HAD A LOW TO MEDIUM LEVEL
(N=359)
Number (%) of skill
Question level
Low Medium
1. Accessing Covid19 report from billboards/electronic media or social media 116 (32.4) 242 (67.6)
2. Knowing the source where presentation on disease and prevention 136 (38) 222 (62)
3. Searching and providing information on service resources for examination,
treatment and health promotion for disease prevention and control for people in the 90 (25.1) 268 (74.9)
community
4. Finding accurate information and to advice the people in community to buy
medicines, supplements, herbs or products for preventing the spread of COVID-19 159 (44.4) 199 (55.6)
(mass face chill, alcohol).
5. To Identify and providing the details of resources of disease detection, treatment,
91 (25.4) 267 (74.6)
and quarantine for COVID-19
6 1532-5806-25-1-110
6. To advice about COVID-19 prevention to people in the community. 114 (31.8) 244 (68.2)
Level was defined for scoring mean, as ‘‘Low’’= 1.0-2.33, ‘‘Medium’’ =2.34-3.66 and ‘‘High’’ = 3.67-5.0)
Practices Regarding Covid19 in the Outbreak and Disease’S Situation in the

Country/Community
Table 4 reveals that, all of items of prevention practices were safe, but some behavior had
a low score that may be at risk of infection, including, socialize and talk closely with friends or
touch a face without washing hands and they Take antibiotic for preventing disease. Which is the
cause of drug resistance use? When compared mean score between outbreak and undisturbed
disease’s situation in the country/community, the mean score of undisturbed disease’s situation
was decrease with significantly (P value<0.01) (Table 4).
TABLE 4
COMPARING COVID19 PREVENTION PRACTICES BETWEEN OUTBREAK AND CALM
DISEASE’S SITUATION. (N=359)
Practices level in each situation
Outbreak undisturbed
Question
X Level of X Level of
(S.D) practice (S.D) practice
4.64 4.38
1. Washing hands, use alcohol-based hand sanitizer Safe Safe
(0.54) (1.10)
2. Wear a face mask when leaving the house. Or if you have a
4.65 4.43
cough, sneeze or a cold, you'll always wear it when you're Safe Safe
(0.64) (0.89)
with other people in the house.
3. Use your elbow or other device when touching a lift button or 4.06 3.99
Safe Safe
push-in door. (1.12) (1.14)
4. Rub your eyes, pick your nose, or touch your face without 3.33 3.38
Safe Safe
washing your hands. (1.63) (1.62)
5. Socialize and have a close conversation with friends or 3.01 3.02
Safe Safe
others. (1.43) (1.53)
4.18 3.98
6. Staying home when you are risk Safe Safe
(1.10) (1.17)
4.59 3.57
7. Quarantine Activities Safe Safe
(0.68) (1.49)
4.39 3.66
8. Social Distancing Safe Safe
(0.96) (1.44)
3.69 3.55
9. Going to crowded places without wearing a protective mask Safe Safe
(1.74) (1.67)
3.50 3.50
10.Coughing and sneezing without covering the mouth and nose Safe Safe
(1.64) (1.75)
3.57 3.31
11.Share a spoon, a glass of water, a cup and a plate with others. Safe Safe
(1.58) (1.70)
4.77 3.98
12.Eating clean and hot food. Safe Safe
(0.57) (1.59)
4.57 3.88
13.Always shower after in crowded places or you are risk Safe Safe
(0.82) (1.52)
3.06 3.25
14.Take antibiotic for preventing disease. Safe Safe
(1.63) (1.67)
7 1532-5806-25-1-110
Mean score of Covid19 prevention practices in

N 𝑥̅ S.D 2 P value*
community
Epidemic period 359
0.26 1.08 37.34 <0.01
Refractory period 359
Level was calculated by Max. Value - min. value/ number of interval, defined for scoring mean, as
‘‘Low’’= 1.0-2.33, ‘‘Medium’’ =2.34-3.66 and ‘‘High’’ = 3.67-5.0)
*Significant statistic <=0.05
Association between Hl and Practices Related to Covid19 Prevention
The binary logistic regression reveals that, participants with high levels of HL and
individual competences to access health care service information were likely to have
proportionately safety practice related to Covid19 prevention (OR=0.21; CI=0.08-0.57; P
value=0.02 and OR=0.03; CI=0.003-0.33; P value=0.004) (Table 5).
TABLE 5
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HL AND COVID19 PREVENTION PRACTICES BY BINARY LOGISTIC
REGRESSION (N=359)
Practiceb
Overall of HL Risky Safe
ORc 95%d e
(Number) (Number)
Low 13 16
0.21 0.08-0.57 0.02*
high 112 218
Individual competences to access health care service informationa
Low 2 91
0.03 0.003-0.33 0.004*
high 25 241
Understand health information and servicesa
Low 4 93
0.40 0.04-3.92 0.43
high 23 239
Appraise and apply health information and servicesa
Low 1 23
1.63 0.11-24.11 0.72
high 26 309
Make appropriate health decisionsa
Low 1 8 1.30
0.12-14.37 0.83
high 26 324
a
Level of HL& 4 domain of HL was defined as ‘‘Low’’ for score =3.0 and high for 3.01-5.0
b
Level of practice (P) was also defined as ‘‘Safe’’ for score = 3.0 and high ‘‘Risky’’ for those scoring =
3.01-5.0
ab
was calculated by Max. Value - min. Value/ number of interval
c
OR = Odds ratio. dCI = Confidence interval of OR.
e
Significant statistic ≤ 0.05
Roles, Missions and Process of Developing the Potential of the VHVs for Covid-19 Control
and Surveillance
8 1532-5806-25-1-110
The work to prevent COVID-19 in communities is carried out by three organizations: (1)
the district and sub-district health promoting hospitals (2) local government organization and (3)
the communities’ organization. Thailand has adjusted the health service system to facilitate the
management of the control of COVID-19, by public and private health service units at the
provincial, district or sub-district level.
In Thailand, VHVs was one of key success factors in relieving the spread of COVID-19.
During the pandemic, includes:
1. Promoting and educating individuals in the community on health promotion and
prevention against COVID-19 and taking care of their own health by knocking the door
(e.g., wearing masks, washing hands, social distancing and getting vaccinated)
2. Supporting local surveillance system e.g., proactive screening in the crowned area for
early detected cases with immediate reporting. Monitoring follow-up on treated
individuals and assisting health workforce and individuals (food, medicine delivery and
emotional support that impact from the outbreak)
3. Supporting health professionals and facilitating collaboration between health and non-
health sectors at local level for controlling the disease and Survey of vaccination target
groups and individual assessment of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
after vaccination.
4. Joined to create social measures in their community according to a new way of life (New
Normal).
However, many VHVs perform various roles and activities, such as being Care Giver
(CG), who care for people with dependency conditions and follow-up the chronically ill patients.
Therefore, the VHVs must manage in many jobs including taking care of the family and to be
able to operate effectively. The process of developing the potential of the VHV, including:
1. Educating about diseases, prevention, roles and duties and report on performance at least
once a month.
2. Rehearse the plan on the table by simulating an outbreak.
3. Knowledge Sharing and knowledge management with colleague.
The problems discovered include a lack of cooperation of population, such as, non-
wearing of masks, non-social distancing, non-vaccinated and deficiency of instruments and
equipment, insufficient budget, and medical personnel.
Guidelines for further action by:
1. Campaign to communicate and publicize the public to know the situation of the disease
continuously
2. Educate and motivate Encourage people to have appropriate disease prevention behaviors
3. Screening for disease Situation report/accurate information and investigate all cases if
any suspected or confirmed disease is found
4. Provide enough materials to work, increased support of government budget.
DISCUSSION
The World Health Organization Thailand (WHO, 2020) has praised Thailand's system
and measures to prevent and successfully control COVID-19. Dr. Daniel Kertesz, who works
9 1532-5806-25-1-110
with WHO said that “They do well without ostentation” (https://www.who.int/thailand/about-

us/head-of-who-office). The key success factors is having a strengthen primary health care
system,.particularly in empowering individuals and communities to become resilient on health
issues. A community resilience paradigm can help communities and individuals not just to
mitigate damage and heal, but to thrive (Katharine Wulff et al., 2015) which has been
continuously community health development for more than 4 decades (Phudit Tejativaddhana et
al., 2020). VHVs as an important mechanism to drive public health mission effectively,
particularly, the role in response to the COVID-19 outbreak using a variety of methods and from
the high participated of all parties are proactive surveillance (Yaowaluk Chaobanpho, 2021) by;
1) issuing primary screening for diseases, providing health education and health promotion
proper disease prevention by in each household, school, market and community merit-making
events, protecting in elderly people or patients whom be risk infected, including checking
inaccurate news to build confidence among the people in the community 2) treatment at early
sign of symptoms and online surveillance for local-quarantined individuals and reporting to Sub-
district Hospital that they can be appropriately examined, analyzed, management and reported to
the next level of agencies (ThaiPBS, 2020; Hfocus, 2020; Phudit Tejativaddhana et al., 2020;
MOPH, 2021; Yaowaluk Chaobanpho, 2021). About solving problems in the first wave of
outbreaks, there are deficiency of instruments and equipment (Sorawut Iamnui, 2021; Yaowaluk
Chaobanpho, 2021), together they sew fabric masks for their own use, use herbs to make hand
sanitizer or 4) cooperate with other organizations and people in the community, such as monks,
to provide care and assistance to patients/survivors in physical, mental, emotional and social
aspects in food supply and delivery medications or herbal remedies for patients and those
detained in detention centers, etc. So, strengthening health systems might serve as a sustainable
paradigm for organizing public health and medical preparedness, response, and recovery. Thus,
community resilience resonates with a wide array of stakeholders, particularly those whose work
routinely addresses health, wellness, or societal well-being (Katharine Wulff et al, 2015).
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and
use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and
others (CDC, 2020) and is of concern to everyone involved in health promotion and protection,
disease prevention and early screening, health care and maintenance, and policy making (Lynn
Nielsen-Bohlman et al., 2004). This study explored and tested associations between health
literacy (HL) and COVID-19 prevention behavior among VHVs. (Division of Health Education,
2018; Visanuyothin S et al., 2015) studied about VHVs’ HL of health care had a good level and
very good level about health practice behaviors, but this study found that, most VHVs are
knowledgeable at a very high level, even though they are not all the same result, cause of they
have training in COVID-19 prevention more than five to ten times, always work-based training
in the field and getting more information with many channels such as LINE, Facebook, and
searching from various websites at any time. When classified by the same constituents as the
study of Division of Health Education (2018), shown a high level in the 3 components (accessing
health information and services, and the most in the decision-making component. But of the
Health Education Division, it was found that it was at a poor level in accessing health
information and services, while the knowledge and understanding of health was at a high level.
And the correct discrimination decision was at the highest level (Division of Health Education,
2018) which is in the same direction. But having studied the knowledge of Volunteers in the
10 1532-5806-25-1-110
prevention of COVID-19 at Nakhon Ratchasima Province (Phatthaphon Jungsomjatepaisan &

Santi Thuaymiti, 2021) also found that; they had a high level of knowledge as well. Although it
is not profound in showing talent or showing knowledge, but will see that the knowledge of the
VHV was at a good level as well. When studying behaviors for preventing COVID-19, it was
found that; most of them had appropriate disease prevention behaviors at the very highest level
and has a good role in disease control in the community. This is consistent with the study by
Supachaya Phawangkarat and colleagues (2020) which found that the disease prevention
behaviors were at a high level. Self-defense behaviors during the lockdown policy period were
significantly better than during the relief measures (P value < 0.05), indicating compliance with
surveillance measures and preventing the disease that has decreased continuously, causing the
chances of a new wave of outbreaks in the country to increase. Therefore, health agencies should
create VHVs to concern and awareness and work Programme includes capacity building for
being health leaders and promote participatory action and social responsibility for people in
implementing community measures for disease prevention and continue to be a new way of life.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express sincere thanks and appreciation to the many persons who contributed
to the successful completion of this research; the health sector officials in Mahasarakham, khon
Kaen, Kalasin and Roi-Et province, Director of Tambon Health Promoting Hospital, in
particular, and the VHV participants. This research project was financially supported by
Mahasarakham University. We also thank Associate Professor John F Smith for English editorial
feedback on the manuscript.
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12 1532-5806-25-1-110
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0
Year 2015
International
2016 Collaboration
2017 2018 2019 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2015 0.00 Documents Year Value
2016 0 00
Cited documents Uncited documents
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80
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windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those
not cited during the following year. Just copy the code below
40 and paste within your html
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Documents Year Value
Uncited documents 2015 0 <a href="https://www.scimag
0
Uncited documents 2016 14
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
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Metrics based on Scopus® data as of April 2021
L Lan 2 weeks ago
The author wants to ask the journal how to submit articles. Sincere thanks!
reply
SCImago Team
M Melanie Ortiz 2 weeks ago
Dear Lan, thank you very much for your comment, we suggest you look for the author's
instructions/submission guidelines in the journal's website. Best Regards, SCImago Team
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moh 3 months ago เปิด
Mrs. Debalina Sengupta

how did you come to this news, knowing that Scopes' response when I asked them about the
magazine being investigated was as follows:
Please be informed that the journal: "Journal of Management Information and Decision sciences"
is indexed and active in Scopus
link: https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100805732?origin=resultslist
Since the homepage creation is an automated process, the details will be updated during the next
Scopus page refresh.
Once all the publications in the requested Journal published in Scopus, the homepage for the
Journal will be created automatically.
Should you have any further enquiries in the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Kind Regards,
Shankaran Sivakumar
Content Service Desk
ELSEVIER
reply
A Asymmetric 4 weeks ago
The journal has indeed been discontinued from scopus forever. their customer service expert
has informed us a day after we published our papers
S Solaris 3 months ago
When did you ask them of the journal? I asked them 3 weeks ago and yet to receive any
response. I'm afraid of publishing my article in the journal. Many are saying that this will get
discontinued soon
S SAMRAT KUMAR MUKHERJEE 4 months ago
I would like to know what is the authentic homepage of this journal?
reply
D Debalina Sengupta 3 months ago
The journal will get discontinued from Scopus on or before 1st September, 2022. Believe me,
I have proper information regarding this. I do hope that this stays forever indexed though.
SCImago Team
M Melanie Ortiz 3 months ago
Dear Samrat, Ads by

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แผ่นเจลให้ความเย็น ระบายความร้อนได้ต่อเนื่องถึง
The information 8 ชม. ไอเทมดี
referring ๆ ที่ต้องมีประจำบ้าน
to the journal’s website is not available in our website (you'll see
Kobayashi Healthcare "Information not localized") due to the fact that we could not verify that information with
absolute reliability.
Best Regards,
SCImago Team
L luay abdulwahid shihab 4 months ago
Is the magazine in Scopus Q2 and is it still in Scopus Q2 containers? It is not predatory or hijacked.
Thank you
reply
L lieu chung 2 months ago
Actually, it is a predatory journal
K Khrome 3 months ago
It's both predatory and hijacked
SCImago Team
Dear Luay, thank you very much for your comment.

We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly.
Best Regards, SCImago Team
M Mahmudah 5 months ago
Dear sir and mom

Is this journal Journal of Management Information and Decision Science" in collaboration with
Arda Conference?
reply
C CruXx 4 months ago
Yes.. Both are predatory and scam corporations
SCImago Team
Dear Mahmudah,
Thank you for contacting us.
Unfortunately, we cannot help you with your request, we suggest you contact the journal’s
editorial staff , so they could inform you more deeply.
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C Chris 6 months ago
Hi Editor,
I would like to know, whether this journal is indexed in Scopus or Not? what is the APC?
reply
SCImago Team
Dear Chris,
SJR is a portal with scientometric indicators of journals indexed in Elsevier/Scopus.
Unfortunately, we cannot help you with your request referring to the index status. We
suggest you consult Scopus database (see the current status of the journal). For further
information about this journal, please visit the journal's website or contact directly with
the editorial staff.
S salam zilwan 6 months ago
hello sir
why the Journal has deleted the abstracting and indexing in the website as the scimago ranking
also does not appear in the Journal website?????
reply
M Maydiantoro Albet 5 months ago
you can visit directly on this link:https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100805732
SCImago Team
Dear Salam,
Thank you for contacting us. Unfortunately, we cannot help you with your request, we
suggest you contact the journal’s editorial staff so they could inform you more deeply.
R Ramesh Kumar 6 months ago
Dear Editor,
This journal is currently indexed in Q2??
Regards
reply Ads by
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J Jeniffer Oliveira 6 months ago
Yes, the journal is currently indexed in Q2.
SCImago Team
Dear Jeniffer, thank you very much for your request. You can consult that
information just above.
SCImago Team
Dear Ramesh, thank you very much for your request. You can consult that information just
above. Best Regards, SCImago Team
A Abdulla 7 months ago
Regarding to this "Journal of Management Information and Decision Science". It is written on

Scopus Q2 as you can see in this page but once you go to the journal itself it is written Scopus Q4
reply
M Muhammad Ihwanudin 6 months ago
Hallo Abdulla, may I help you? I think this journal is Potential predatory scholarly open‑access
publishers. You could check it on https://beallslist.net/
A Abdulla Almutairi 7 months ago
I would like to know if the journal is listed on Scopus Q2 or Q4.
reply
M Massoud Moslehpour 5 months ago
Q2 according to their website and the information provided here. Predatory journals will less
likely be indexed in Scopus.
E Emile Alarie 7 months ago
It's Q2 however it is not updated in the journal link. This link is where you finding Q2 is correct
as it shows you regular update and changes going in a particular journal.
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Kobayashi Healthcare M Melanie Ortiz 7 months ago
Dear Abdulla, thank you very much for your request. You can consult that information in
Scopus database.
A Askar Garad 1 year ago
The name on-site of this Journal is (Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences),
but the name in (scimagojr and SCOPUS) is (Journal of Management Information and Decision
Science). The difference is character S in word (Science - Sciences). What is different? Is there any
problem or something wrong or not real?
reply
SCImago Team
M Melanie Ortiz 1 year ago
Dear Askar,
SJR is a portal with scientometric indicators of journals indexed in Scopus. All the
metadata (Title, ISSN, Publisher, etc.) have been provided by Scopus /Elsevier and
SCImago doesn´t have the authority over these data which are property of
Scopus/Elsevier.
Therefore, we suggest you contact Scopus support regarding this matter here:
https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14883/kw/scimago/supporthub/scopus/
Best Regards,
SCImago Team
M manar 2 years ago
Is this journal still indexed in Scopus? As I can see the coverage till 2019.
reply
SCImago Team
M Melanie Ortiz 2 years ago
Dear Manar, thank you very much for your participation.

Our data come from Scopus/Elsevier, which offers an annual copy of their database. We
understand that, since the date indicated by Scopus/Elsevier, the journal is no longer
indexed in its database. However, we always suggest our users to consult the Scopus
database directly as SJR is a static image of Scopus, which is changing every day.
I Ibrahim Mahmood 3 years ago
Dear Galine,
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Hope you are well, I am wondering is this journal will publish in Scopus, how much the cost for the
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paper publishing? I am8 looking for any contact number to chatting for more details. เปิด
แผ่นเจลให้ความเย็น ระบายความร้อนได้ต่อเนื่องถึง ชม. ไอเทมดี ๆ ที่ต้องมีประจำบ้าน
Regards
Ibrahim
reply
SCImago Team
E Elena Corera 3 years ago
Dear Ibrahim,
thank you very much for your comment, unfortunately we cannot help you with your
request. We suggest you check author’s instructions in journal website. You can find that
information in SJR website https://www.scimagojr.com
Best Regards,
SCImago Team
G Galina Grabovich 3 years ago
Hello. Can you help me?

It says here that the journal "Journal of Management Information and Decision Science" is in
Scopus.
But the "Scopus Preview" website says that years of coverage of the "Journal of Management
Information and Decision Science" are 2015-2017. The journal "Journal of Management
Information and Decision Science" is or not in Scopus?
reply
N Ngnassi 4 months ago
Hello,
Please can'd you give me the impact factor of this journal?
SCImago Team
Dear Ngnassi, thank you very much for your comment. SCImago Journal and
Country Rank uses Scopus data, our impact indicator is the SJR (Check it on our
website). We suggest you consult the Journal Citation Report for other indicators
(like Impact Factor) with a Web of Science data source. Best Regards, SCImago
Team
SCImago Team
E Elena Corera 3 years ago
Dear Galina Grabovich,
2018 indicators will not be available until June 2019. We cannot see what will happen in
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and does not have
แผ่นเจลให้ความเย็น ระบายความร้อนได้ต่อเนื่องถึง 8 ชม.the authority
ไอเทมดี to include, exclude or modify the data provided byเปิด
ๆ ที่ต้องมีประจำบ้าน
Kobayashi Healthcare Scopus.
Best Regards,
SCImago Team
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12/27/21, 1:53 PM Management Information and Decision Sciences

About the Management Editor-in-Chief

Information and Decision Sciences Chair Professor Wing-Keung Wong

Volume 25, Special Issue 1

Volume 24, Issue 2 Volume 24, Issue 1  Open J Gate

2020 Available From Volumes

2014 Get the App

Volume 17, Issue 2 Volume 17, Issue 1 

Astrobiology-Group-Journals Astrobiology-Online Journals Astrobiology-Online Journals

Astrobiology-open-access Astrobiology-open-access Astronomy-Group-Journals

Astronomy-Group-Journals Astronomy-group-Journals-List Astronomy-group-Journals-List

Astrophysics Articles Astrophysics Articles Astrophysics Articles Open Access

Astrophysics Articles Open Access Astrophysics Future Astrophysics Future

Astrophysics Online Astrophysics Online Astrophysics Open Access

Astrophysics Open Access Bioinsecticides Impact Factor Bioinsecticides Impact Factor

Coastal-zone Online Journals Coastal-zone Online Journals Computational Biology-open-access-journals

Computational Biology-open-access-journals Cosmology-Group-Journals Cosmology-Group-Journals

Allied Business Academies publishing a total of 14 different journals

Articles in issue: 1 | Volume: 25 | Month: February | Year: 2022

Predictive analytical study of green purchasing intention behaviour of Malaysian consumers

The impact of launching the financial inclusion strategy on economic development

The strategy of expanding tourism product destinations to increase community income

From service quality to e-service quality: measurement, dimensions and model

Customer churn prediction with hybrid resampling and ensemble learning

Quick Links Contact Info

LESSONS LEARNED AND THE POTENTIAL OF THAI

Keywords: Health literacy; COVID-19; COVID-19 prevention behaviors; Village health

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Design and Participants

Instrument and Data Collection

Social-Demographic and Covid19 Prevention Information Sources

High school 220 61.2

HL and Covid19 Prevention Behaviors

HL of VHVs for Covid19 management

Practices Regarding Covid19 in the Outbreak and Disease’S Situation in the

Mean score of Covid19 prevention practices in

Association between Hl and Practices Related to Covid19 Prevention

with WHO said that “They do well without ostentation” (https://www.who.int/thailand/about-

prevention of COVID-19 at Nakhon Ratchasima Province (Phatthaphon Jungsomjatepaisan &

*Corresponding Author: wanwimon.me@ssru.ac.th

Sponsored by the Academy of Management Information and Decision Sciences, JMIDS

Honorary Professor David Allen

Professor Teodosio Perez Amaral

Professor Wai Sum Chan

Professor Shigeyuki Hamori

Editorial Review Board

Dr. Ratish C Gupta

Dr. Muhammad Salman Shabbir

Dr. Chia-Huei Wu, Assistant Professor

Prof. Nassr Saleh Mohamad Ahmad

Professor Suresh Deman

Maria Silvia Avi

Nurul Mohammad Zayed

Professor Mark Wohar

Francisco Fernando Ribeiro Ramos

Dr. Sumon Das

Dr. Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos

Astrobiology-Group-Journals Astrobiology-Online Journals Astrobiology-Online Journals

Astrobiology-open-access Astrobiology-open-access Astronomy-Group-Journals

Astronomy-Group-Journals Astronomy-group-Journals-List Astronomy-group-Journals-List

Astrophysics Articles Astrophysics Articles Astrophysics Articles Open Access

Astrophysics Articles Open Access Astrophysics Future Astrophysics Future