Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis nS, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjiv Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. A. S. Sayyad Professor Department of\Civil Engineering SRES’s SanjivaniCollege of Engineering, Savitribai Rhule Pune University, Kopargaon-423603 Email: attu_sayyad@yahoo.co.in Ph.‘No.: (+91) 9763567881 Year-2017Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 Unit-I Computational Techniques Gauss Elimination Method Gauss Elimination method can be adopted to find the solution of linear simultaneous equations arising in engineering problems. In the method, equations) are solved by elimination procedure of the unknowns successively. In this method the unknowns are gradually eliminated by combining the equations Basically the method involves the reduction of *n’ equations in “n’ unknowns into one unknown, which is then solved by back substitution. Example: Solve by Gauss-elimination nai @,~ 2x, hay +x, = x x34 -5 = rw 3x, - 2x, +2 Solution: Let assume 2x, +x, +4%, ay xO (2) 3x) — QB) From Eq, (1) find value of x; 4x] @) Put into Eqs. (2) and. ON Eq. (2) becomes Sy Cc 314 X, —44]- 3x, - “. <3.5x,-3x,=-7 (3) ta 0) Re Ata —4x,]-2x, +2 < * 2 2. =3.5x,-4x,=-7 (6) Eq, (5) find value of x2 -7+3x,]=2.0-0.8672, (7) Put into Eq. (6) . ~3.5[2.0- 0.867, ]-4x, =-7Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargson-423603 x =0 Find value of x2 from eq. (7) and x) from eq. (4) x,=20 and x,=10 USS ELIMINATION METHOD: ALGORI 1, Read m (number of equations) >? 2. Read f= 0, 1, 2,..... (1-1) (RLS. constant) NS 3. Ford =0(1) (n~ 1), 40 ull (7) ) 4. For j= 0(1) (a 1), do till (6) 5. Read ay 6. Next 7, Nexti 8. Fork=0 (1) (2), do till (15) 9. Ford = (k + 1) (1) (n= 1), do till (14y 0. For j= (k+ 1) (1) (a1), do till (12) 1h. ay ay - “hay au 12. Neat J 1. ee 14, Nexti 15. Nextk 1G. yey Cyc tctect 17, Write x24 18. For d= 0€1) (a — 2), do till (25) 19. fe n-k-2 (20. For j= (i+ 1) (1) (n= 2), do til! (22) 2, cp ey Oy y < ¢ 22. Nexty 2. xe efay 24, Write 2, 25. Nextk 26. EndMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 elf] = li) — (a (9G « x00), xf] = fiat i) In this method matrix is diagonalized by row, is sO that the solution is directly obtained. x « ; S auss Jordon Metho so Note: We can perform only row operati a method. Example: Solve by Gauss-Jordon, \ B+ 4x, 2x, + 23, =- Solution: Let write EASA of equations into matrix form [A] bt = {B} . 21 4]fx, 1-3 -1f{x, . z 3-2 2|[x Write augmented matrix (A, B) [4.8]=Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603, 1-3 -1 -5 R,-2R, R,-3R,]0 7 6 14 07 5 14 13-1 R-R|0 7 6 14 0 1-3 -1 -5 R+6R,/0 7 0 14 © 00 -1 0 R+7, sxc 1 0 R+3R,|0 R ‘Therefore unknownsg Ry 1 Vio 0 om) 10 O}fx) ft 0 1 ofjx,b=t2 G: 0 0 1flx} loMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 GAUS 1. Read n 2. Fori=0 (1), n, do till (5) 3. Read ¢, Gg Cees z 5. Nexti ~ 6. For #=0 (1) (m— 1) do till (10) 1, Forj=0 (1) (a ~ 1), do till (9) 8. Read ay 9. Nextj 10. Nexté 11. For &=0 (1) (n= 1), do dil (18) 12. For i= 0 (1) (n~ 1), do till (17) 13. Wiek 14. For j = (£ + 1) (1) (nm), do till (16) IS. ay — ay — (ay lay) ay 16. Nextj 17, Else, next i 18, Next k 19, For#=0(1) (n= 1), do till (21) YO. x) eg! Oy 21. Write x 22. EndMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 GAUS: era ald] U1 = (ald) U1= olf RY) afk} (k}) + af] (13 Fori=Q.icn Mil= alll (nVali)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Gauss-Siedel Method (Iterative Method) Example 1: Solve by Gauss: ‘Solution: vee xe Make the given system diagonally predominant Sx, +x, 2x, 24 (1) » ay +4x, 42x, =15 Q x2, 48x =12 a Find value of x, from Eq. (1) value of x3 from Eq. (2) Find value of x; from Eq. (3) from eq. (4) from eq. (5) from eq. (6) from Eq. (4) from Eq. (5) 0.822, x= 1.714 from Eq. (6) Iteration 3; 1.714, x5=2.921 from Eq. (4) 1,041, x)= 2.921 from Eq. (3)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 X1= 1.041, x2= 2.029 — x:= 3.003 from Eq. (6) Iteration 4: X2= 2.029, x3 = 3.003 from Eq. (4) x1 = 0.995, x3= 3.003 from Eq. (5) x1= 0,995, x2= 1,999 from Eq. (6) Iteration 5: xe X2= 1.999, x)= 3.000 x, = 1,000 from Eq. (4) x1= 1.000, x;=3.000 x»= 2,000 from Eq. (5) 9 xp= 1.000, x)= 2.000 x;= 3.000 from Eq. (6) Iteration 6: e, 2.000, x; = 3. J from Eq. 1,000, x;=3¥ fro1 X1= 1,000, x2= 2.000 fi wx x, =0 Example 2: Solve by Gauss: Solution: Make the given system diagbiially predominant 5 s 5 ¥3x, =-1 a By, + 9x, +5; (2) ym -7. @ Find valeof x, from Eq. (1) vali 2 from Eq. (2) ee Mf x3 from Eq. (3) ° 9 [-1+2x, -3x,] (4) 4-2 [2435-5] (5) yaolfs—2x, 4] 6) 7Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Let assume initial values of x, =0,x,=0 Iterations we can represent in the tabular form also Iteration No. (n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Xx 0 0.2 | 0.167 | 0.191 | 0.186 | 0.186 Gg xX 0 0.156 | 0.334 | 0.333 | 0.331 | 0.3 R, Xs 0 | -0.508 | -0.429 | -0.422 | -0.423 | - 1. Read, (Fis the no, of iterations) 2, Rese Bi, 1= 0, by 2s veers (4-1) (RALS, Constants) 3, Ford =0 (1) (n~1), do ill (8) fae $. Forj =0 (1) (1), do till (7) 6 1 & 9. Read ay Next Next i med 10, Ford =0 (4) (r= 1), do tlt (16) I, e@B, 12, Forj =0 (1) (4-1), dot (18) 13, Iie) 14, ct -ayny 15, Else, next j 16. clay 17. Nexti 1B me mei 19, msi 20, Goto (10) Else For j= 0 (1) (n— 1), do till (2ay Write.» Next! 5, fadMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Yes =e —alllll= all Next) alll = calli X Nes SS mms (Contd)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargacn-423603 Exercise CG © Solve using Gauss-Siedel Method i) ii) @& 4x, tx, +4, =7 4 2x, 2x, =0 4X — 7x, +x =-2 “Bx, - + 4x, =5 3x, +4x, =11 93%), * Solve using oman Gauss-Jordon Method ii) xt y43z) 7 2n45y +2250 =66 3x-2y-2=3 iv) x+3y-22 ee dy +32=0 Br-2ptr=-8 xey4z=0 2x 6y-+42=-30Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargson-423603 Unit-I1 Stiffness matrix method for bars and trusses Stiffness matrix method for analysis of bar structures Bars are 1D structures subjected to axial force only, The degree of freedom at each node is one i.c. axial displacement. Total degrees of freedom are two. Therefore, giving unit displacement one by one at each node. Let consider a two noded bar element with u, and uy displ ts at each nodes. gz, Let unit displacement at node ¢ x ABIL AE/L Se 4, > ar zl! =I], Let unit displacement at node j z& ABEL 4 AEIL ‘“ i i \ Procedure for the solution of nui ‘examples 1) Divide the given bar structyrés.ihto number of members 2) Calculate total degrees’ dom 3) Determine stiffnes ofeach bar element 4) Assemble th fat a ss matrix 5) Impose the bouns conditions 6) Determitie reduced stiffness matrix 7) Apply jy equation to determine unknown joint displacements. [x] ene load veetor size of stiffness matrix is 2*2. x ‘Stiffness matrix for bar element having axial stiffness (AE/L) can, SE byMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Example 1: Two bars one of aluminum and other of steel are joint together and subjected to load as shown in figure, Determine displacements at common joints and the member forces. Take Ay=200 mm’, E,=70 kN/mm’, A,=400 mm’, E.=200 kN/mm* *¥— 1400 mr —— 1000 mm Kk Solution: e, Let assume uy, uz, uy are the displacements at three si Step 1: Divide given bar structure into number of jements Nodes | Displace 1-2 ~ 23 1S Step 2: Element stiffness matrices Member | AEVE (kNimmi) 1 100 2 80 ini) | Boundary conditions [k]-= = )400 x 200 1000 | -1 Step 3: Global stiffess matrix 7 4, uo 100-1000 Ju S . [K]=]-100 (100+80) -80|u, 0 8080 Ju 4 + Step 4: Reduced stiffness matri Imposing boundary conditions i.e. «; = 0, «; = 0 eliminate first row, first column: and third row, third column, Therefore reduced stiffness matrix isMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 My [K]=[180]u, Step 5: Determine unknown joint displacements Applying Equation of Equilibrium [k]tA}=(4 [180] {w,} ={9} e t= 005mm (>) x* Step 6; Calculation of member forces 9 Member |: YS [X] {4}, =), wl HE 10 foost {7 fi=-SkN. =0.05 SAN Similarly, Member 2: f, =4kN Mee (u,=0,05 and u,=0) Example 2: A circular rod different c/s is loaded as shown in figure. Find displacements at al stiffness matrix method. Take E = 200 GPa. joo 2 X 7m yanaan ys Solution: ssmme U, Uz, Us, uy are the displacements at four nodes. 1: Divide given bar structure into number of members/elements Member | AE/L (kNimm) | Nodes | Displacements (mm) | Boundary conditions 1 200 1-2 Myla m= 0 2 70. 23 yl 3 100 3-4 uss _Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Step 2: Element stiffness matrices [x09] T}( - % “ha Lon 1 Ju, x& me =l a, 1 ju. Step 3: Reduced suffiness matrix: Q, Imposing boundary conditions i.e. #1 = 0. Size of mun e8S matrix is 33, 0" 4, (200+ 70) ~70 ce ts [k]=] -70 (1004, 00 |u, 0 “ 100 ji, Step 4: Determine unknown joint displacement Applying Equation of Equilibrium \ = th (2004-70 oy 0 Jf} fio 7 100470) -100}4u,}=|-s0 ¢ -100 100: | [uy 25 nays mun ( Example\3?Bars of three different areas are connected together as shown in e. Deiérmine the displacement at each joint. Take E=200 GPa, Ay=3000 mm’, fig oe mm’, As=1000 mm. 4, = 0.0178 (—>), 4, = 0.267 mm (>)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargson-423603 Let assume t, uz, uy, uy are the displacements at four nodes. Step |: Divide given bar structure into number of members/elements Member | AE/L (kN/mm) | Nodes | Displacements (mm) | Boundary conditions Step 2: Element stiffness matrices [x] = 3000200 1 =I 1000 [x,] 2000200 1 uw, goa |-1 ne, m _ 1000» 200 1 -1]uy [xs]= 600 E le Step 3: Global stiffuess matrix Assemble the element stiffness oN to get the global stiffness matrix Ny uy ~ uy 600 io 0 0 wo [x]= ee 00) 500 0 ln, 0 300 (500+333.33) 333.33 |, Qa 0 -333.33 333.33 Ju, 4 -ed stiffness matrix Imposing boufidary conditions i.e. 1; = 0, u4= 0. Size of reduced stiffness matrix is 2 Ss * uy ty 1100-500 Jur, (61-[ S00 ole Step 5: Determine unknown joint displacements Applying Equation of Equilibrium [x]ia}=(4Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 1100-500 ]fu,| _ {100 500 833.33) [w,) [-50 4, = 0.0875 mm (>), a, = 0.0075mm (<-) Example 4: A circular steel rod ABCD of different c/s is loaded as figure. Find displacements at each joint using stiffness matrix mer Cy 200 GPa. 25KN Let assume th, ta, ts, Uy are the displacements at four nodes. © A= S70)" = 3848.45 mm? 4 (30° =1963.49 mm? Member | AEVE (kNimm) | Nodes | Displacements (mm) | Boundary conditions uylla uy 233 getty 34 ss 2 196.35 3 251.33Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Step 2: Element stiffness matrices 1 -l [x] 384845200 miei 1000 =I * Duy e 4 ow 6 1 WO -I [kK] setae | 1-252 Step 3: Reduced stiffness matrix Imposing boundary conditions i.e. 1 = 0. Size ae ess matrix is 33. (769. os + 196. 35) 6) Cn [K]=| -196.35 (196.35 x ans u, 251.33 |uu, Step 4: Determine snknone, joint disp| 2 Applying Equation of Equilibrium pI-1n ‘oa uy 100. 8 251.33 |1u, }=4-s0) 19 ; EOE 251.33 |{u,) | 28 ts S997 mm (4) 1 =0.0298mm (1), 4, = 0.0695 mm (1) ° Example'§: Determine the support reaction forees at the two ends of the bar S led as shown in figure. The ¢/s area of the bar is 300 mm?. Take E=200 GPa = 0.2mmMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 coon o ® 200 min 200 mm. Let assume m, uz, uyare the displacements at three nodes. & Step 1: Divide given bar structure into number of members/element: 9 Member | E/E (kNimm) | Nodes | Displacements (mu) ra 1 300 2 300 12 uyelly 23 Mrs > =02 Step 2: Element stiffness matrices (Ls if [x] = 2002209 or" 300) | Step 3: Reduced stiffness na Imposing boundary con =f Size of | reduced stiffness matrix is 22. (300 4 + 300. 300 tt k= ) 300 . -300 300 Ju, Step 4: Determine yinknown joint displacements ‘ORS ion et , \ * “0000 flo2)" la, Q 2) Ry=9.9KN (4), 0, = 0.233 nn Reaction at joint 3 is 9.9(@)kN. Reaction at joint 1 is 70.1 AN(<-)KN.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Example 6: Bars of three different c/s area are connected together as shown in figure. Determine displacements at joints using stiffness matrix method. Take E=210 GPa, A a c D fase me Ae ds 1000 : x* uM section rigidly attache ‘steel and ‘bronze as shown in Figure. If the cross-section area of rod! is $00_mm'Ydptermine nodal displacements. Take Ey = 210 GPa, Eq ~70 GPa and Exe 110 GPa. . CP 4BAN Example 8: A circular steel rod ABCD of different joaded as shown in Figure 3. Find the displacements at all joints using stiffness matrix method. Take E=200 GPa. \ 1000 mm? 700 mnt 25kN LALLY 100mm 200mm 10007, eee JMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargson-423603 Stiffness matrix method for analysis of trusses The truss may be statically determinate or indeterminate. All members are subjected to only direct stresses (tensile or compressive). Joint displacements are selected as unknown variables. Here we select two noded bar clement for the formulation of stiffness matrix of truss element. Since the members are subjected to only axial forces, the displacements are only in the axial directions of members. Therefore, the nodal displacement vector for the bar element is, ti, -{i} oO where, a, and, are the displacements in axial direction of 1 ent. The stiffness matrix of a bar clement is e, K > Local coordinate ae i (1-4{, 1 ‘Transformation matrix for the truss: py systems x, y = global coordinate system u‘,u',= Displacements in local coordinate system Wy Matty Displacements in global coordinate system @=Angle measured in anticlockwise sense w.r.t. positive x-axis. Singe axi rections of all members of truss are not same, hence in global ei system (x-y) there are two displacement components at every node. ee the nadal displacement vector for typical truss element is S :Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Refereeing above figure, At Node | At Node 2, uy, . i sind v,sind Gg 10080 1,030 & i, =u,cos0 + vsind 1, =u,cos0 EGY Therefore, in matrix form above relation are ~~ qe u,| feos? sine 0 0 uf | 0 6 cosd si Ht” {x'} = vector of local Ras eae ns f ; ) tera trix = [L]= a ‘ im -%, i where, or /==——+ —s m=sin@ or m L Stiffness matré® of truss element in global coordinate system ° Fe > E}-ET (1) Pal es ators where, L Oo 0 i m ! AE|m Of bom =m ITV Hh -m 1 | 0Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Pn Pim Pty, fe L|-P -tm Pim |u, -im =m? im om? |v, CG Example 1: Analyze the truss as shown in figure. Cross-sectional area rs are AB=1000 mum’, BC=800 mm", CA= 800 min’, Take E = 2» 10° 2m 2m B 4 (0, 15)a)” B(4, 1.5) 1.Sm C oO ez0)* 120kN (0, 0) ~w Solution: Step 1: Degrees of freedom: 06 (i, v,Sflvp.u,.¥,) Assume x-axis horizontal through pgint ¢ rd vertical through point A, The coordinate of node A(0, 1.5), B(4, 1.Syand G (2, 0). Take £ in GPa Member | xx) m_|AE/L(kNimm)| B.C. AB | 4 0 50 [w= v,=0 BC | -2 [1 ~b. 64 0 CA : 06 64 Step 2: Element stiffness thatrices Stiflness marx of 2 Stiffess matrix of element BC: ty Vy ut, v, 0.64 0.48 -0.64 —0.48 |ity [K]e= 048 0.36 0.48 0.36], we") 0,64 048 0.64 0.48 Ju, 0.48 036 048 0.36 |v. Qe: tmatrix of element CA:Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engincering, Kepargaon-423603 Myo 06s 0.48 0.64 0.48 |u, 0.48 6.36 048 0.36) v, K],, = 64| : [Kl] 6s oas 064-048 lu, 0.48 -0.36 -0.48 0.36 |v, C Step 3: Global sins matrix (Total DOF are 06, size of stiffness matrix, “Ke Uy 90.56 3072 50 30.72 23.04 oO 0 30.72 -50 0 90.96 30.72 40.96 [X]l-| 9 0 30.72 23.04 30.7: 40.96 30.72 40.96 30.72 wen 30.72 -23.04 -30.72 -23.04 + + 4 Step 4: Reduced stiffness matrix (Since w= rows and columns from global stiffness manip u i, ¥, 90.96 C4096 30.72 Ju, =0 eliminate corresponding ae 190 Iu, 0 46.08 |, Step 5: Equation of os [x]{a}=(4 oS 40,96 -30.72][u,] {0 340.96 819 0 [tw b=1 0 120 46.08 || v, -30.72 0 =0.8um, v,=—3.67nm au, =—1.6mm, eles 2: Figure shows a plane truss with three members. Cross-sectional area. eee members 800 mm? Young modulus is 200 KN/mm*, Determine deflection at loaded joint.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin 5, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 > 00 we p (1500, 1000) 4 8 0) p1ocenin_ysomn soon i rs (1000, 0) (2009, x Solution: Step 1: Degrees of freedom: 08 (14.¥5.tlp.Vy llsV- atl. Mp) Assume origin support A (0, 0). The coordinates of other nodé’,B (1000, 0), (2000, 0) and DCIS00, 1000) Member | xg-xy | y2-)y i m__| AB/E. BC. AD 1500 | 1000 Oe 0.832 | 0.555 u,=V,=0 BD 500 | 1000) 1118 | 0.447 | 0.894 “112 Hy =¥, =O CD _| -300 | 1000] 1118 aN 08 wee. 12 | w.=v.=0 Step 2: Element stiffness matrices Stiffness matrix of clement oe oh M43 40 58 40.98 27. Jo = 1.43 ye 40,98 61. a ibe aides My — stig -2%s0 re 857.19 11438 37.19 “| 28.59 57.19 28.59 719 oe 57.19 2 matrix an element om Sy vy 40.98 Ju, > 27.34 |v, 40.98 |u,, 27.34 |v, (u,= Vp =57.19 Ju, 114.38 57.19 114.38 |v,Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 be Ye bc Yo 2859) =57.19 -2859 57.19 |u.—> | 75719 114.38 37.19 -114.38 lye | 28,59 $7.19 28.59 $7.19 IM S719 -114.38 -S7.19 114.38 | 4 Lt [k] Step 3: Reduced stiffness matrix Up Vp 9 118.61 40.98 |w, K]= 0 (K] ee 256. ae ~~ Step 5: Equation of equilibrium e, Ieyial=ty 1g mm { 118.61 40.98 ]{u,, 40,98 256.10]|v,, el My = 1.785 mm, y, Example 3: for the truss as sho nae using stiffness matrix method, determines deflections at loaded ase joint B is subjected to 50 kN horizontal force towards left and, force vertically downward. Take cross- sectional area ofall members 1009 mgt Young modulus is 200 GPa. ation: Step |: Degrees of freedom: 06 (i,,¥j.té,.¥),t.W..tty.v,). Assume tin point B. The coordinates of points areA (-4, 3), B (0,0), C (4,-3), D (-4, -3) Member | xx) | yyy | AB__| 4000 |-3000 | 5000 DB | 4000 | 3000 | 5000 CB | -4900 | 3000 | 5000 AEL(KNimm)| B.C. 40 =v, =0 40 Uy =v) =0 40 u=v,=0Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Step 2: Stiffness maniac element AB: ™% Uy Vy og -048 064 048 Ju,—> [x] ag) O48 0.36 0.48 0.36 Jv, > “ 0.64 048 0.64 -0.48 Ju, 048 0.36 -0.48 0.36 |v, L + Stiffness matrix of element DB: py tM 064 -048 -0.64 048 Ju, [K] _ 0.48 0.36 048 -036)v,— > oo | 0.64 0.48 0.64 0.48 [uy RY 18 aa 0.48 0.36 cf Stiffhess matrix of element CB: Ue Ye tly, Np 0.64 048 0.64 ue 0.48 0.36 0.36 |v > Ki, =40 : ay =0 Kls=49| 064 0 aaa Yas lu, (uc=¥.=0) -0.48 -0 036 |v, Step 3: Reduced “CRN Y% 4 [x]=a0 92 -0.88)u, . 0.48 1.08 Jv, Step 4: Equation oP equilibrium : [xIia}= of, eae « ° , vf 14 9 a, =-1.25mm, v,=-24mm Example 3: Determine the deflections at loaded joint in two bar truss supported by ‘spring as shown in figure. Bar one has length of Sm and bar two a length of 10m, ‘The stiffness of spring is 2000 kN/m. Take A = 5* 10" m* and E = 200 GPa.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 2 (-3.535, 3.535) we Solution: QO Step 1: Degrees of freedom: 06 (14.0.0), ,téy¥5) Take origin node |, The coordinates of nodes are 1(0, 0), 2(-3.535, 3.535), 3(-10, 0) e, Member | xo-) | yy |b | 1-2 | -3.535 | 3.535| 5 | -0.707 13 | -l0 | 0 [10] -1 14 = |= |-| = Step 2: Stiffness matrix of element 1-1 “uy 05 5 0: | 0.5. . [kK], =200%10° : . ut, > 0.5 0.5 Jy, + Stiffness mat Jement 1-3: my My 10 -1 Oy, . 0 o]y, =100%10" -1 0 1 Ou, 00 0 O},> dd Stiffness matrix of Spring elementMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 yO 1 =1]y, K,]=2000) . cs a t Step 3: Reduced stiffness matrix a G _[ 20000-10000}, gz (s1-| ooo 12000 I x Step 4: Equation of equilibrium: [K}{4}={/} Ww i eho ue, =-2.857 mm, ¥, Example: For the plane truss shown in figure, ani x and y components of displacements at node 1, Take E= 70 GPa eo 0 mm? for all elements. Length of member 1-3 is 2500mm. \ Plane truss composed of three elements shown in figure subject ward force of 50 KN applied at node 1, determine the x and y componeiits.ofdisplacements at node I, Take E = 200 GPa and A = 1000 mm? for all elemer S Examp!Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 SON o Example: Figure shows a plane truss with two members. Both SS are of cross-sectional area 70.71 mm’. Young’s modulus is 200 mm’. Determine deflections of loaded joint and hence the member forces, { 100 kN . 10 mm Example: A stecl t eAY in figure. The modulus of elasticity is 210 GPa. The cross sectional :mber AB is 300 mm’, BC is 400 mm? and AC is 500 mi Calculate the horizontal and vertical displacements at point ‘A’ using. stiffness matri methgd.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Example: Figure shows a plane truss with three members. All members are of length 1000 mm and cross-sectional area 600 mm*. Young's modulus is 150 kN/mm*. Determine unknown joint displacements of the truss. 80 AV Example: For the two bar truss shown in figure determine lacements at the loaded joint using stiffness matrix method. Th =e mm’ and E = 70 GPa. 1s4v Example: Find the jéal”and horizontal deflection at point C for the two member t n in figure. Area of inclined member is 2000 mm* whereas h member is 1600 mm’. Take E= 200 GPa ~ - 120 kNMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Example: Figure shows plane truss with three members. All members are of length 100mm and c/s area 600mm2, E=150 KN/mm2. Determine forces in members of truss using stiffness matrix method. S80KN Example: Analyze the two member truss shown i ising stiffness matrix method. Take c/s area of each member 1000 mi = 200 GPa. The length of each member is Sm. ~ B, SKN Sm Ww Example: For the 3 truss structure shown in figure, determine the displacem loaded joint using stiffness matrix method. Assume A = 200 GPa.Matri tecture At Methods of Structural Analysis cture Notes ix Dr, Attest hamuddin S,Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Unit-IV Stiffness Matrix Method for Beams Stiffness Matrix Method for Continuous Beams A beam is a structural member which is subjected to bending deformation. TGs. are several methods available in the literature for the analysis of continuous such as slope deflection method, moment distribution method, flexibilii¥ miaurix method, stiffness matrix method, three moment theorem etc. How, all these methods Stiffness Matrix Method is program oriented mS Degree of Kinematic Indeterminacy/Degrees of Freedom Beam has two degrees of freedom at cach point i.e, translation and rotation. Whereas frame has three degrees of ep gach point i.c. two displacements and one rotation. w ‘Translation Vertical Displacement see Rotation ch. Horizontal Displacsment Type of Support atic Kinematic Unknowns ss owns for Beam_| for Frame 108) 1(8) Hinge Roller 1(@) 2(A0) Fixed i e Spring ° 2(A.8) 2(A8) Guided/Slider 1(A) 1(A) Internal Hinge 3(A.0,0,) 3 (4.0.0)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Structure Approach Equation of equilibrium {40} ={4ou} END} where: {4,}=Action corresponding to unknown displacements in the original struct {4p,}= Action corresponding to unknown displacements in the structure (If'sinking is given, add sinking moments also in this veet 9 [A]=Stittness matrix {D} =Veetor of unknown displacements Steps for the solution of continuous (Indeterminats fon using stiffness matrix method: 1. Identify total nonzero degrees of freedom xX 2. Write {4,} matrix G 3. Restrained the structure, determine fixed ent ments and reactions (reactions are due to external load + reaction due to rents) write { 4), } matrix . Derive stiffness matrix [K] by it displacements one by one i rei . Apply equation of equilibri ‘termine unknown joint displacements. . Determine unknown momé actions using following equation 34} + [Aww {DY where {4,}=Unknown oS and reactions in the original structure {Au} = Vata ahvaktovn moments and reactions in the restrained structure (If sinking is given, add sinking moments and reactions also) [4] ues of unknown moments and reactions in the unit displacement figures ‘Vector of unknown displacements which are calculated in previous step saws éte: 1) Action corresponding to translation is reaction A (1) 2) Action corresponding to rotation is moment @ < )Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Restrained Structures (Fixed end moments and reactions) In stiffness matrix method, the external forces are necessary to act at the joints corresponding to joint displacements, which do not happen always, Beams are often subjected to member forces, therefore these member forces we have to ‘convert into nodal forces. Uniformly distributed load 7) G hye" ° ‘= w wl i . W ‘Central point load WLS Q a i 12 L2 i wr x we Eccenirie point load w mpd Ae . Example 1 > the beam as shown in figure using structure approach of stiffness ‘hairix method. Take £7 = constant. 100 kN 25 kN/m oo a 2 ‘ 9 oO Im 2m 6m am Solution: 1) Dy02 (8).4.)Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 1) {Ay} -(he (No moments acting at joint B and joint C) € IIL) Restrained Structure Gating ops {yp} = seam {sl (Values ae IV) Derivation of Stiffness matrix sey CR Let, =1 Mo} ANY 1.33 E+ EI=2.333 El co ment at C= 0.5 El Let 4, =1 si apt Moment at B=0.5 El = a)" Moment at C = 1.0 El oss ( oa7se1 ass Q ~ 6,=1 6.=1 2333 0.8]8, K]= EI oral tale V) Equation of Equilibrium {4} = tou) RTD}Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 0 {Saher 2.333 0.5]{0, 0 -50) Os 1.0)|4, 50 §,=0.0 and 0.=— Is and =F) tA = tw} + [Aww Ph eo? My) [75 067 0 75 9 Mos _|-75| | py] 33. 0 {ols -1 V1) Moment Caleulations Myc{ } 50 10 05)|s0fzr- Meg) {-50) os 1.0 \ Example 2: Analyse the beam using structure ay each of stiffness matrix method if support B sink by 25mm. Take El = 3800 KNim? 30 kN 10 kN/m. | eS c ein am Solution: vw 1) Dy=02 (4,0) \ na CO MN) {dy} = 0 0 moments acting at joint B and joint C) ° Thy Restrain Oe $6: ew oH poe 1338 a al [222 ang fio Sinking Moments: Sinking is given in mm. Put this in m while calculating sinking moments, Since both the element are having same length. Sinking moment of both the elements will be same.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 io Sinking moments 38002 0.025 15.8334. eo 7 a bi 15.833 15.083 9 528 A i-{ eae ies a ” 13,38 -15,833 Ve -39.213} TV) Derivation of Stiffness matrix on Let 0, anf. 2M, . san a2 “023 EL CF = See EI -won( cas a axerer 0467 EL sere O67 Er, \ Moment at B + 0.67 El = 1.333 El Rw =0.33 El det O=1 g.=1 Moment at B = 0.33 El ara Seen Moment at C = 0.67 El ere a: O,=1 O=1 ~ [k]- < Q: ation of Equilibrium {40} =b4o} +E} 0 - 3.333 +El 1,333 0.333 |[0, 0} [-29.213 0.333 0.67 || Q 1.333 0.333] 0, 0.333 0.67Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargson-423603 VI) Moment Calculations bu} = tw} + [Aun {P} M ay 30+15.833 0330 Mau|_| -75+13.833 || ]0.67 0 (eek Mye{ | 26.67-15.833 0.67 0.33 || 48.189) Meg} {-13.38-15.833 0.33, 0.67 Example 3: A continuous beam ABC is loaded a: flexural rigidity. Fixed support at A, roller suppoi Analyze the beam using structure approach of stiffness matrix method. 40 kN 20 kN A B c 4m 4ma34m 4m Solution: cn 1) Dy=02 (0,.A¢) ww M1) {4p} = {he Cine acting at joint B and point load at C) * Il) pestrain Ture 40KN “Ol yt q Ie af nae Moment at B tad={i Ay Reaction at CMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 IV) Derivation of Stiffness matrix Let @, =0.25 EI © )=0.5Er non ee 0.09375 EL 0.09375 EI Moment at B = 0.5 El + 0.5 El = 1.0 El Reaction at C = -0.09375 El bet Ac=l GEL Mam me o, Li \S ae 0.0234 V) Equation of Equilibrium —M} LAN 2} a 10 -0,0937)/ 0, |enoas 0.0234 ||. G: cil ~555.8 = and A= VI) Moi Qe d= ta} + Awe] * S My) [40 025 0 31.98 My|_|-40| | [05 0 |[-32.078| 1 _|-s6.04 Mye[~ ] 20 0.5 0.0937] -355.8 [Er | 56.04 Mey} {-20) — [0.25 -0.0937 24.05Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Example 4: Analyze the continuous beam using structure approach of stiffness matrix method. Take EI constant 40 kN 2m am 2m Keel Solution: , eo? 1) Dy=03 (5.0.4) (Clockwise moments acting at joint B, no moment and point I ~30) 8, I) {Ap} =4 0 A 0 Ja. II) Restrained ne ol @, Moment at B 4 8. Moment at C 0 JA, Reaction at C IV) Derivation of Sti matrix Let 6, det 8-1 ic =05 Sp =20EL 0375 EL ~ Moment at B = 1.0 El + 2.0 EI = 3.0 El Moment at C = 1.0 EI Reaction at C = -1.5 El Let @=1Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College ot Engineering, Kepargson-423603 - Moment at B = 1.0 El Moment at C = 2.0 EI ze, . =a ( =p" Reaction at C =-1.5 EL Lset Moment at B= Moment at C Reaction at Note: Spring support is provided at support C, spring force developed due to deformation of spring is added in the reaction at C 'V) Equation of Equilibriu; . . mS tate} 3 30 «10 =1.5]( 0, O p=" 0 ++ EF 1.0 2.0 15 |) @, 0 “15 -L5 2.5 |[A, 4.782 -2.608 0.434 =———, =——— and 9.=—— YS = Ace and B= VI t Calculations 9 . bd = {4a} + [Ae] M 20 0. 0 0 7 M., 20 tt o o || “2 2a kt teil ogg | J 24782 Myc 0 2.0 1.0 =L5 El | ~3.218 2.608 Me 0 Lo 20 -15]* 7 0Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Example 5: Analyze the indeterminate beam as shown in figure using structure approach of stiffness matrix method, The beam js fixed at A, C and has internal hinge at B. Take El constant. 60 KN/m A c Solution: ™ ° ™ @ D) Dy=03 (Ay Op pe) 9 0) A, I) {4,} = : bs S III) Restrained Structure a 60 kN/m 4 9 & 60 kN/m i a) ts A, Reaction B 0,, Momeni BA 20) 8, Moment BC IV) Derivation of Se is matrix ° Let Ay 1S EL GEL ok 15EI % te < 2m 9 12 nf tus EL 1S5ED Reaction at B = 12 El + 1.5 El = 13.5 El Moment BA = -6.0 EL Moment BC = 1.5 ElMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Let @,,=1 2EL 4EI ‘A rm) ‘ev bn anf Reaction at B = -6,0 El oO” Moment BA = 4.0 El Moment BC = 0 Let Oe=1 oC 2EI EI tS oF Reaction at B ="5 EI Mo! 0 M ct 2EI 1 8,,=1 Bye =1 Shing 60s JA, § 60 «40 0 18, LS 0 20 |4,, V) Equation of Equilibrium 5 {Ao} ={4ou} +A ND} es 0) {90 135-60 LS ][Ay O}=|-5)+EH-60 = 4.00 Hh Oy SV 0} 20 1s 0 20 la.Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Exercise Example: For the following beam, find the vertical deflection and rotation at joint B using structure approach of Stiffness Matrix Method, Take El = 12*10° kN.x 100 ev xe? Example: Determine the unknown joint displacements of me ‘as shown in figure using structure approach of Stiffness Matrix Methad.(Take EI constant. 100 AV soy agm 3m_pdmd ime Er = Example: Analyse the beam using anh of Stiffness Matrix Method if support B is sink by 25mm. Take Ef 3800 ° 30EN LORY / 3 B c om tm im Example: A contim ee fixed support at node | and roller supports at nodes 2 and 3. Analysethe beam using structure approach of Stiffness Matrix Method and dfaw SFD and BMD. Take £ = 200 GPa and I=4*10° ram’, m ToT be ° Se Analyze the continuous beam ABC as shown in Figure using structure roach of Stiffness Matrix Method. Take El constant. 2 1ZANMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 Example: Analyse the prismatic beam ABC loaded and supported as shown in Figure using structure approach of stiffness matrix method. Support B is sink by 25 mm. Draw SFD and BMD, Take El =3500 KN.m* 30KN, 1: = = e Example: Determine support reactions of continuous beam ABC if su ink by 10 mm. Take El = 6000 KN.m*. Use structure approach of, Matrix Method. Example: Determine support reactions of myer ABC as shown in 4 Figure | if support B sink by 10 mm. TakepEI\= 6000 kN.m’, Use structure approach of Stiffness Matrix Method. A B ¢ Sm Sm eo PY ee SMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargson-423603 Member Approach Steps for the solution of continuous (Indeterminate) beams using member approach: p= . Divide the beam into number of elements (Take one member as one “ou? . Identify total degrees of freedom (Two D.O.F. at each node, trans! rotation) n 3, Determine stiffness matrices of all elements ({K]), [K]:. 9 4, Assemble the global stiffness matrix [K] 5. Impose the boundary conditions and determine reduced stiffness ‘matrix 6, Determine element nodal load vector [g] (Restrained struc), 7, Determine equivalent load vector [f] < 8. Apply equation of equilibrium [K]{A}={f} andqdetermine unknown joint displacements, x. 9. Apply equation [K]{A}+[g] ={f} to determine Get is and moments Stiffness matrix of beam ~ 1 = Translation at node A 1 3 2= Rotation at node A 3 = Translation at node B 4= Rotation at node B- ‘ Ps A’ ~\ 3 4 ber E -WEI/ BE 6EI/E ]1->Reaction 1 12ET/ OE SB ¢L -6EI/ LR LEI /L \2> Moment -6EI/E WEI/ iE -6ET/ E \3-> Reaction IAL 2EI/L -6EI/L 4ET/L |4—> Moment + + + ‘action Moment Reaction Moment oN ) ‘Action corresponding to translation is reaction 2) Action corresponding to rotation is momentMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani Collegeof Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 Example 1: Analyse the beam as shown in figure using member approach of stiffness matrix method. Take E/= constant. 100 kN 25 kN/m a 8 c © 2m .2m G em am & Solution: Step 1: Degrees of freedom: 06 (02 DOF at each node, translation and ey No. of elements: 02 (AB, BC) > 5 Diseretization Element | Nodes | Displacements 1 -2 | 12.34 2 23 (3.4.5.6 =zero (simple supports) Step 2: Element stiffness marie iy standard stiffness matrix of beam element, obtain local stiffness m: cach clement separately. (Note that the moment of inertia of AB is 21 dD. The local stiffness matrix of ch AB is: z 3 4 L111) = =0.333) -O111 0.333 | 0.333. 1.333) 0.333 0.667 ]2 0.111 =0.333) OIL 0.333 ]3 0.333 0.667 -0.333 1.333 J4 Similarly the local stiffness matrix of element BC is: < : 3 4 3 6 9 0.1875 0.375 -0.1875 0.375 3 0.375 1,0 0,375 Os |4 {K],.= El ue 0.1875 -0.375 0.1875 -0.375/5 0.375 OS 0.375 1.0 |6 Step 3: Assemble global stiffness matrixMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargson-423603 Size of global stiffness matrix will be 66, because total DOF are 6. Joint B is common in both the elements; therefore elements corresponding to unknown at joint B 3 and 4) will be added together. 1 2 3 4 5 6 O11 0.333) -O.111 0.333 0 0 0.333 1.333 0.333 0.667 0 o 0.111 0,333 0.2985 0.042 -0.1875 0.375 |: 0333 0.667 0.042 2.33% -0.375 0 0 0.1875 -0.375 0.1875 -4 > 0 0 0.375 05 oe tog 4 Ag Step 4: Impose the boundary conditions 35 1 =2=zero (Fixed support), le supports) [K]=EI Step 5: Reduced stiffness matrix The nonzero joint displacements are 4 NS herefore collect the elements corresponding to 4 and 6 from global stiffness Matrix. 6 Ys 4,0, KES olen OS 1.0] 6,8 Step 6: Element N tor: The element nodal is obtained by restraining the beam at all supports. Determine fixed end moments, reactions due to external load and reactions due to moments. Wi wo clement nodal load vector for both the elements and then determine reduced,element nodal load vector. “G5 2SkN/m +s (50, 100K 50 Q + ts ‘ + 50 50Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr. Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kepargaon-423603 3 \)1> 75 )1 50 |3 73 |2> 2 50 | 4 125] 34 Fels=) 5 (3 (hw=4sofs ~ (B=) asta -15}4 50) 6 50 |5> G 50) 6 gz Step 7: Equivalent load vector oO Equivalent load vector is opposite to clement nodal load vector. {F} == {q} +Joint forces Eel X ‘Step 8: Equation of equilibrium: [K]a}=1 PP 0.5], [0 ['as zt Step 9: Reactions and rune }ia}+ta} Ry OAL x 0.333 0 0 0 78 M, 0,333 382) o0 33 0.667 0 0 0 73 Ra |_| On 0.2985 0.042 -0.1875 0375 |1 Jo] |125 My Si 0.042 2333 -0375 05 |EI | 0 -25 R. 0 0 -0,1875 -0.375 0.1875 -0.373 0 30 M 0 0 0375 05 = -0375 1.0 so} [-s0 Ry 0 15 75 | kN 0 18 75 | kN 18.75 125] _ $106.25] AN “) 2s [*}-asf" ) 0 fava ce] |-1873] | 50] | 31.25] AN z 50 =) 0 | kN o. e ZPEZPEMatrix Methods of Structural Analysis Lecture Notes Dr, Atteshamuddin S, Sayyad, SRES's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603 Example 2: Analyse the continuous beam as shown in figure using member approach of stiffness matrix method, Take El constant, 50 kN 20KkN 30 kN/m Solution: Ww & +f sch ‘Step I: Degrees of Freedom: 06 Cy No. of elements: 02 (AB, BC) om For simplicity, convert overhang portion intam . Discretization Element Displace! 1.2.3, 34. joundary conditions zero (simple supports) element separatel; Stiffiness matrix el oS . 2 304 0.096 0.24 -0.096 0.24) 1 ‘ ~~ 0.24 O8 -0.24 04 | 2 [Kl as 0.096 -0.24 0,096 -0.24) 3 <: 4 0.24 a4 0.24 0.8 Qe. matrix of element BC Step 2: Element stiffness mattix Using standard eo f beam element, obtain stifthess matrix of each yen 1