IDE2/EL102

WORD:
DEFINITION AND CRITERIA
MS. CLARISSE M. MADAYAG
WEEK 1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
Morphological
Awareness And Some HOW NEW WORDS ARE
Implications For English BORN
Language Teaching ANDY BODLE
HUSEYIN OZ
 01
Morphological
Awareness And Some
Implications For English
Language Teaching
 MA has recently been a focus in both first
language (L1) and second/foreign language (L2)
literacy development and has especially been
examined with regard to skills including
reading, writing, and spelling development as
well as vocabulary acquisition.
People with MA tend to understand
the process of the formation of
words and how they can apply
various words in specific contexts.
MORPHOLOGY
- morphe (Greek; form, shape) + logos (the
study of )

- the study of the internal structure of

words and the rules governing the
formation of words in a language
MORPHEMES
- the minimal units of
meaning or grammatical
function that are used to
create new words
MORPHOLOGICAL
AWARENESS
conscious awareness of the morphemic
structure of words and their ability to
reflect on and manipulate that structure
 02
HOW NEW
WORDS ARE
BORN
ONLY 1,000 ARE WIDESPREAD
writers are behind
on many of our
lexical innovations
SHAKESPEARE
at least 500 words (critic, swagger,
lonely, hint)

JOHN MILTON
630 coinages (lovelorn, fragrance,
pandemonium)

GEOFFREY CHAUCER (universe, approach)

BEN JONSON
(rant, petulant),

JOHN DONNE
(self-preservation, valediction)

SIR THOMAS MORE (atonement, anticipate)

WORD FORMATION
 DERIVATION
The most common method of creating a
new word is to add a prefix or suffix to an
existing one.
Example: unhappy; helpful; recreational ; freedom
BACK FORMATION
The inverse of the above: the creation of a new root
word by the removal of affix; shortened words
created from longer words.
Example: editor -- edit ; beggar-- beg; option -- opt
 COMPOUNDING
The juxtaposition of two existing words. Typically,
compound words begin life as separate entities, then get
hitched with a hyphen, and eventually become a single
unit.
Example: fiddlestick; claptrap; carbon dating; bailout (noun) ; into (preposition),
nobody (pronoun), daydream (verb), awe-inspiring, environmentally friendly
(adjectives)
REPURPOSING
Taking a word from one context and
applying it to another.
Example: The crane, meaning lifting machine, got its name from the
long-necked bird, and the computer mouse was named after the
long-tailed animal.
 CONVERSION
ZERO DERIVATION/ NULL DERIVATION

Taking a word from one word class

and transplanting it to another.
Example: giant (noun) -- giant (verb)
 EPONYMS
It’s a word that comes from the proper name
of a person or place. Eponyms words can be
based on both real and fictional people and
places.
 EPONYMS
Example:
America
The word America is named after Italian Map maker, Amerigo
Vespucci.

Fahrenheit
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit is the physicist for whom this temperature
measurement is named.
ABBREVIATIONS
It is a shortened form of a word.
There are three main subtypes:
clippings, acronyms and initialisms.
 LOANWORDS
Words taken from one language and
then incorporated into another language's
vocabulary. These words often aren't translated
from the original language and remain the same
although they may be altered slightly (a difference
in spelling/pronunciation).
 LOANWORDS
Example:

Clue - derives from the Greek word 'clew', meaning 'a ball of yarn'. In
Greek mythology, Ariadne gives Theseus a ball of yarn to help him
find his way out of the Minotaur’s labyrinth. This led to the word 'clue'
being used to refer to something that helps guide the way.
 ONOMATOPOEIA
The creation of a word by imitation of the
sound it is supposed to make.
Example: Plop, ow, barf, cuckoo, bunch, bump
REDUPLICATION
It is a linguistic term that refers to the repetition of
a word to create a new word with a modified
meaning.

Example: boo-boo; zig-zag; chit-chat; flip-flop; ping-pong;

knick-knack
NONCE WORDS
It is when a person invents a new word to describe a
particular occasion or situation for which a word doesn’t
already exist. A nonce word isn’t part of the formal English
lexicon, but it has a specific meaning within its given
context. Once a nonce word enters into common use or the
English dictionary, it is no longer considered a nonce word.
 ERROR
Misspellings, mishearings,
mispronunciations and mistranscriptions
rarely produce new words in their own right,
but often lead to new forms in conjunction
with other mechanisms.
PORTMANTEAUS
It is a word that is made by combining two other words. Portmanteau
is a French word for a big suitcase that can hold many things
because these words "hold" more than one other word inside them.

Example: dramedy (drama + comedy) ; sitcom (situational +

comedy ) ; webinar (web +seminar)
 Compound words are often confused with
blended words, also known as
portmanteaus, but the two are very different.
In compound words, each individual word
remains unchanged. However, in
portmanteaus, or blended words, only parts
of each word are used.
THANK YOU!