https://www.google.com/search?

q=chart+of+images+of+types+of+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvJfs32CyPRPJRUhAZ8bqybJCROKew:1634092895215&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=6KcZs2NT9CpnbM%252COrr3Ue8pQShi6M%252C_%253Bqe53xWTt4ZxaWM%2
52C5lXib8FWDW3JAM%252C_%253BdLb51UKuhNJKHM%252Cntn0urjSrQt-uM%252C_%253BqPuMg1mOw4G_dM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_%253B7DlK4ktXcw6fgM%252CC-1g9aIAjZdFjM%252C_%253BMf1gryAoh_b3jM%252CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253Bwy4bHvG-VLl8NM%2
52CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253BJaPVK8Mu8xrBvM%252COnMr2Zkq0plbGM%252C_%253B746zr6d5I5HZyM%252CmQsr6yiq96Vs7M%252C_%253BZe1H0TnsrnS0pM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSwGrPoD38TbftXuQ4Gywug5PuHoQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB37G0
rsbzAhX2VzABHVn_BNUQ9QF6BAgPEAE#imgrc=HqxnmTDB9Qi9_M
 Mixtures
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/e
n/Science/Chemistry/Elements_Compounds_Mi
xtures_vf1633108eq
• Define homogenous mixture
• Define solvent
• solute
• Describe five the types of solution pg 19
• Discuss types of heterogenous mixture
• Give examples of colloids in every day life
https://www.google.com/search?q=chart+of+images+of+types+of+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvJfs32CyPRPJRUhAZ8bqybJCROKew:1634092895215&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=6KcZs2NT9CpnbM%252COrr3Ue8pQShi6M%252C_%253Bqe53xWTt4ZxaWM%252C5lXib8FWDW3JAM
%252C_%253BdLb51UKuhNJKHM%252Cntn0urjSrQt-uM%252C_%253BqPuMg1mOw4G_dM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_%253B7DlK4ktXcw6fgM%252CC-1g9aIAjZdFjM%252C_%253BMf1gryAoh_b3jM%252CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253Bwy4bHvG-VLl8NM%252CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253BJaPVK8M
u8xrBvM%252COnMr2Zkq0plbGM%252C_%253B746zr6d5I5HZyM%252CmQsr6yiq96Vs7M%252C_%253BZe1H0TnsrnS0pM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSwGrPoD38TbftXuQ4Gywug5PuHoQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB37G0rsbzAhX2VzABHVn_BNUQ9QF6BAgPEAE#imgrc=HqxnmTDB9Qi9_M
https://www.google.com/search?q=chart+of+images+of+types+of+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvJfs32CyPRPJRUhAZ8bqybJCROKew:1634092895215&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=6KcZs2NT9CpnbM%252COrr3Ue8pQShi6M%252C_%253Bqe53xWTt4ZxaWM%252C5lXib8FWDW3JAM
%252C_%253BdLb51UKuhNJKHM%252Cntn0urjSrQt-uM%252C_%253BqPuMg1mOw4G_dM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_%253B7DlK4ktXcw6fgM%252CC-1g9aIAjZdFjM%252C_%253BMf1gryAoh_b3jM%252CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253Bwy4bHvG-VLl8NM%252CZZLrXG2KH7v9_M%252C_%253BJaPVK8M
u8xrBvM%252COnMr2Zkq0plbGM%252C_%253B746zr6d5I5HZyM%252CmQsr6yiq96Vs7M%252C_%253BZe1H0TnsrnS0pM%252C_amEECIV1j6MkM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSwGrPoD38TbftXuQ4Gywug5PuHoQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB37G0rsbzAhX2VzABHVn_BNUQ9QF6BAgPEAE#imgrc=HqxnmTDB9Qi9_M
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+colloids%3A+solid+liquid+and+gas+colloids&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiQqsubsMbzAhVxkuAKHah3C-UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=image+colloids%3A+solid+liquid+and+gas+colloids&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQDFCwDFi7IWDALWgAcAB4AYAB7QOIAaQWkgEJMC40LjMuMC4zmAEAoAE
BqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=RElmYZD4A_Gkggeo762oDg&bih=568&biw=1242&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767#imgrc=bR15MuALG8bu4M
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+colloids%3A+solid+liquid+and+gas+colloids&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiQqsubsMbzAhVxkuAKHah3C-UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=image+colloids%3A+solid+liquid+and+gas+colloids&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQDFCwDFi7IWDALWgAcAB4AYAB7QOIAaQWkgEJMC40LjMuMC4zmAEAoAE
BqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=RElmYZD4A_Gkggeo762oDg&bih=568&biw=1242&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767#imgrc=bR15MuALG8bu4M
Define mixture: Homogenous eg solution
Define solvent – major component of a solution
solute – minor component of a solution
State the types of solution

Define heterogenous mixture

Define suspension
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+methods+of+separating+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvIZSGSqqBAaJSaF-2enwZ4DEWZo0A:1634174691300&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM%252Cz-6OGIaF3YUb9M%252C_%253BrTg99PlCdMgcRM%252C-aSpsiDxOntLnM
%252C_%253BJs3-3ySTlBJpkM%252CmWWqHITF_dVLaM%252C_%253BoZkn-0hrV1KYWM%252C8Vb7MR3r6Ub_yM%252C_%253B2UQpK2auJMazBM%252CqwqOoHG
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+decantation+and+filtration&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvIVvXTPkYLA1e5JnqA0ZJBazuHlMQ:1634593477584&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=56GF3Z4wnodjyM%252CQpnfl8MwVNEL7M%252C_%253BjoIJ3z9JUjXrIM%252CFRLRjnr60blu3M%252C_%2
53BNUAToRA_tcaCGM%252CUhyyhe0-dk966M%252C_%253BLKgL6FPFEzNmtM%252CbHEK6cC_N9mQ_M%252C_%253B2tOWJFbLbMl39M%252CFRLRjnr60blu3M%252C_%253BtCTw_f00BgS-6M%252C3V6hEJBWsCBdOM%252C_%253B9GE9hPgA26frQM%252CGqQNCPpakRp97M%252C_%253BkbCfaST4t3qcW
M%252C2a7hk2J-dM0vjM%252C_%253B-lIYp1-VYFfcNM%252ChG1GUJi1cu4pZM%252C_%253BvB-7-A-IzvPHnM%252CfdK3HnY78SRM0M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kTHsbqUh8QNu2EKCWaXdmhoNCGxKQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtkdWc99TzAhW5RDABHdlLCaoQ9QF6BAgDEAE#imgrc=56GF3Z4wnodjyM&imgdii=B
jrmvBM-0OAiWM
 Separation of Mixtures
Objectives
State one way of separating a solid and a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture, a suspension
State two methods of separating a solid and a liquid
a homogenous mixture (a solution)
State a method of separating two liquids in a
homogenous mixture (a solution)
State a method of separating solids based on their
solubility in a solvent and attraction to the material
 Separation of Mixtures
Objectives

For each method of separating the equipment:

State apparatus to be used

Precautions to take for successful separation

 SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
Suspension >>> filtration

Solution separate solid solute and solvent

>>>Evaporation
>>>Crystallisation
>>>Simple distillation (then crystallisation)
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+methods+of+separating+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvIZSGSqqBAaJSaF-2enwZ4DEWZo0A:1634174691300&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM%252Cz-6OGIaF3YUb9M%252C_%253BrTg99PlCdMgcRM%252C-aSpsiDxOntLnM%252C_%253BJs3-3ySTlBJpkM%252CmWWqHITF_dVLaM%252C_%253BoZkn-0hrV1KYWM%252C8Vb7MR3r6Ub_yM%252C_%253B2UQpK2auJMazBM%252CqwqOoHGOghvXPM%252C_%253Bofy5iGOB5h2c
6M%252CcmmYCUfqn8UzTM%252C_%253BJrGLdQWLw6xq4M%252C70DtyqsGTYXlCM%252C_%253BZ6GU6zDFMiHwrM%252C9J5aCpCqSaN2nM%252C_%253B-TW9YMPDtFwyyM%252Cx21EsbeWBQ0wRM%252C_%253BiGWQL_CgUdi4MM%252CRBpFBujKXrm2bM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRf9JSfM7K9M9aJW3PI33XWP7vOBA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI5uaP38jzAhXHSzABHdbkBl8Q9QF6BAgMEAE#imgrc=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM
 Making Sugar in Barbados
• https://edpuzzle.com/media/617053e6e009c
64149827a1c
 Making sugar
Review the separation techniques in the
processing of sugar cane:

Filtration
Precipitation
Simple distillation
Evaporation
Crystallisation
 Making sugar from sugar cane
pg30-31
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-precipitation-reaction-605553

Filtration

Precipitation:
”two soluble salts in aqueous solution combine and
one of the products is an insoluble salt called
a precipitate.”

The precipitate is separated from the filtrate by filtration.

The precipitate is left on the filter paper as the residue
 Separation of Mixtures
Summary pg 25 – last class
State a method of separating a solid and a liquid
in a heterogeneous mixture, a suspension
Filtration

State two methods of separating a solid and a

liquid a homogenous mixture, a solution.
Evaporation and Crystallisation
Simple distillation
 Separation of Mixtures
Summary pg 25 – this class

State a method of separating two liquids in a

homogenous mixture, a solution. Fractional
distillation
State a method of Separation of two immiscible
liquids in of different densities . Separating funnel
State a method of separating solids of different:
solubility in a solvent and attraction to the material
Chromatography
 SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

https://
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
www.google.com/search?q=image+methods+of+separating+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvIZSGSqqBAaJSaF-2enwZ4DEWZo0A:1634174691300&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM%252Cz-6OGIaF3YUb9M%252C_%253BrTg99PlCdMgcRM%252C-aSpsiDxOntLnM%252C_%253BJs3-3ySTlBJpkM%252CmWWqHITF_dVLaM%252C_%253BoZkn-0hrV1KYWM%252C8Vb7MR3r6Ub_yM%252C_%253B2UQpK2auJMazBM%252CqwqOoHGOghvXPM%252C_%253Bofy5iGOB5h2c6M%252CcmmYCUfqn8UzTM%252C_%253BJr
GLdQWLw6xq4M%252C70DtyqsGTYXlCM%252C_%253BZ6GU6zDFMiHwrM%252C9J5aCpCqSaN2nM%252C_%253B-TW9YMPDtFwyyM%252Cx21EsbeWBQ0wRM%252C_%253BiGWQL_CgUdi4MM%252CRBpFBujKXrm2bM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRf9JSfM7K9M9aJW3PI33XWP7vOBA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI5uaP38jzAhXHSzABHdbkBl8Q9QF6BAgMEAE#imgrc=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM&imgdii=X60y82VLVjdfIM

Separation of two liquids that mix (miscible)

with BOILING POINTS THAT ARE CLOSE
 Separating Funnel
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+oils+and+water+in+a+separating+funnel&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvLlsZe8dPK1E4vd01h0Brrf8S2jkg:1634176517392&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=_luvZRW-eu8_bM%252CzE5P1XIYJiXWpM%252C_%253BbsZD0uqWKwvti
M%252CtvWbcTNf1OzLNM%252C_%253BTjQ0ii8lOh1uhM%252CaIgyGxGIdp88hM%252C_%253BWWL97HVJyXUZsM%252CQAi-YfMyNRY5TM%252C_%253BVksKCoxfN47mkM%252C_kggBaQFOZNC2M%252C_%253BokNj2K3T2c-0hM%252CvvTFJkDrWUVjfM%252C_%253BeqXnybQoPl0W
GM%252C0FADr6zqb3QRYM%252C_%253BXXU1zDM4V8UNRM%252CiJ0JdO2cP6RS0M%252C_%253BsOpkHBsgZ3CppM%252CbGUwSNcCqL0ikM%252C_%253BljKbFYT0kucaNM%252CgHSigcil_NsXiM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kS3jQA5PKx-XHrgJnFL8dMDoEKMxA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiw
zcb25cjzAhWoVzABHVNjBHAQ9QF6BAgPEAE#imgrc=TjQ0ii8lOh1uhM

Two immiscible liquids – that do not mix eg

Oil and water
 Paper Chromatography
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+methods+of+separating+mixtures&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=AOaemvIZSGSqqBAaJSaF-2enwZ4DEWZo0A:1634174691300&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=eQWiKwuPOmbrxM%252Cz-6OGIaF3YUb9M%252C_%253BrTg99PlCdMgcRM
%252C-aSpsiDxOntLnM%252C_%253BJs3-3ySTlBJpkM%252CmWWqHITF_dVLaM%252C_%253BoZkn-0hrV1KYWM%252C8Vb7MR3r6Ub_yM%252C_%253B2UQpK2auJMazBM%252CqwqOoHGOghvXPM%252C_%253Bofy5iGOB5h2c6M%252CcmmYCUfqn8UzTM%252C_%253BJrGLdQWLw6
xq4M%252C70DtyqsGTYXlCM%252C_%253BZ6GU6zDFMiHwrM%252C9J5aCpCqSaN2nM%252C_%253B-TW9YMPDtFwyyM%252Cx21EsbeWBQ0wRM%252C_%253BiGWQL_CgUdi4MM%252CRBpFBujKXrm2bM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRf9JSfM7K9M9aJW3PI33XWP7vOBA&sa=X&ved=2
ahUKEwiI5uaP38jzAhXHSzABHdbkBl8Q9QF6BAgMEAE#imgrc=Js3-3ySTlBJpkM

Separate a mixture of solutes in a solvent eg

inks and dyes. Used in forensic investigations.
 Separation of Mixtures
Summary pg 25
State a method of separating a solid and a liquid in a heterogeneous
mixture, a suspension Filtration
State two methods of separating a solid and a liquid a homogenous
mixture, a solution. Evaporation and Crystallisation
Simple distillation
State a method of separating two liquids in a homogenous mixture, a
solution. Fractional distillation
State a method of Separation of two immiscible liquids in a of
different densities . Separating funnel
State a method of separating solids of different: solubility in a solvent
and attraction to the material Chromatography
 Homogenous Mixture
Solution:

Solubility, degree to which a substance

dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
Homogenous solutions:
Solubility
https://www.ausetute.com.au/solcurve.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=solubility+curves&rlz=1C1PRFC_enBB666BB767&sxsrf=ALeKk01pwiq6YoWovUn3m7MW-8F5jM7eWQ:1603044023959&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=JeKWhtE9qizJdM%252CQ4pge-7G1PsYzM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRDOvQRtqTHDtNGMq48U9zLcq_Cow&sa=X&ved=2
ahUKEwj8uu2s3L7sAhXxpVkKHfUHBq8Q_h16BAgKEA0&cshid=1603044238020430&biw=1366&bih=625#imgrc=Y8BH5WNHbpco9M
See sheet on solutions fron Chung-Harris and
Taylor 2009
Crystallisation
Saturation
Supersaturation
 Solubility
The maximum amount of solute dissolved in
100g of water at a given temperature. When this
maximum has been reached the solution is a
saturated solution a solvent at equilibrium. The
resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
Saturated solution cooled – crystals form
 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

• Insoluble – less than 1 gram dissolves in a liter

• Slightly soluble 1-10 grams dissolves in a liter

See the solubility summary pg 94 of Chemistry for CSEC

 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules:

Salts of the alkali metals, plus NH4+, are usually

soluble. This includes Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+

The ammonium ion NH4+ is the only positively caharged

polyatomic ion
 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules:
• Silver compounds are insoluble, except for
silver nitrate and silver acetate
 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules:

Chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble,

except for Ag+, Pb+2, and Hg2+2
 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules:

Nitrates, with the NO3– ion, are always soluble.

 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules:

Sulfates are soluble, except for Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2,

Pb+2, and Ag+2
 https://chemistrytalk.org/solubility-rules-chart/

Solubility Rules

Hydroxides are insoluble, except for the alkali

metals which are soluble, and the alkaline earth
metals Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2 which are slight
 Chemical Reactions: Chemical Equations

Chemical reactions are written in “shorthand” as a

chemical equation

Chemical formulae

Reactant +

Reactant(s) Product (s)

Product +
 Law of Conservation of Matter
Total atoms of each kind in the reactants
Chemical Formulas must be correct

MUST EQUAL

Total atoms of each kind in products

A chemical equation must be BALANCED

 Chemical Equations
1. Pg 91 rules of writing chemical equations
2. Write correct chemical formula
3. Separate reactants and products by arrow
4. Write state symbol after each reactant and
product
5. Separate each reactant and each product by
a plus sign
 Chemical Equations
6. Place any conditions above the arrow
7. Any polyatomic ion on both sides – treat as a unit
8. Any compounds with H or O balance H second to
last and O last
9. Leave elements in free state to last
10. Use coefficients to balance, do not change
formulae
11. Check
 Chemical Equations
Practice pages 91 to 93
 Chemical Equations
State – in a solution of water (aq)
Precipitate (s) – hence solubility is important
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)