K Tortang 23maj FL

Név: ........................................................... osztály:......
ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA • 2023. május 10.
TÖRTÉNELEM
ANGOL NYELVEN
KÖZÉPSZINTŰ
ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA
minden vizsgázó számára
2023. május 10. 9:00
Időtartam: 225 perc
Pótlapok száma
Tisztázati
Piszkozati
OKTATÁSI HIVATAL
Történelem angol nyelven középszint — írásbeli vizsga 2014

Történelem angol nyelven
középszint Név: ........................................................... osztály:......
Important information
Give clear answers and make all your work unambiguous – even if you need to make
corrections in your text.
Try to be concise and keep to the point. Do not use more space than is provided.
Only write the number of words or items specified in the task. (If you write more,
your answers will be evaluated in the order they appear.)
Please write in blue ink.
When working on the exam tasks consider the following.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Do exactly what the instructions tell you.
• Check how many sub-tasks the task consists of, and make sure you do all of them.
• Study the sources provided (pictures, diagrams, texts, maps). Please keep in mind that
the English translations of sources are intended to render the meaning of the original
texts, but not their sometimes archaic style.
• Consider your answers carefully before writing them down so that you do not have to
correct them later.
• Use the resources that you are allowed to use for each task: the maps of the secondary
school Historical Atlas [középiskolai történelmi atlasz] and the bilingual dictionaries.
People, topographical data and concepts can only be evaluated when correctly
spelled.
We advise you to follow these steps when dealing with the shorter or longer essay-type
questions:
1. Identify the place and time of the given event or problem.
2. Use the given sources and the map [középiskolai történelmi atlasz] to understand the task.
3. Collect the general concepts (for example: development, change, production) and the
time-specific concepts (for example: serf, guild, personality cult) that can be used to
describe the given event or problem.
4. Include the information contained in the sources, or the conclusions that can be drawn
from them, in your answers.
5. Identify the events leading up to the given situation, its causes and its results.
6. Include your own knowledge as well as your own opinions and personal perspective.
7. Make drafts or outlines before writing your answers if necessary.
8. Make sure that your sentences are clearly structured, and that your ideas are easy to follow.
9. Your whole answer should have a clear structure. Check your grammar and spelling.
For your information:
The following will be considered when your essays are evaluated:
• understanding of the task
• proper and relevant content that satisfies requirements
• logical overall structure and accurate language.
Good Luck!
2014 írásbeli vizsga 2 / 28 2023. május 10.

I. SHORT ANSWER TASKS
1. This task is about Julius Caesar’s attempt to achieve autocracy.

Do the tasks using the sources and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item.)
‘Caesar reconciled Pompey and Marcus Crassus, who […] had been old enemies; he
made an alliance with both, so in Rome nothing would happen that any one of the
three would not want.’ (Roman historian Suetonius)
„Caesar kibékítette Pompeiusszal Marcus Crassust is, aki[k] pedig […] régi ellensé-
ge[k] volt[ak]; szövetkezett mind a kettővel, hogy Rómában semmi ne történhessék,
amit hármuk közül akár egy is nem akarna.” (Suetonius római történetíró)
a) Name the political alliance the formation of which is described in the excerpt above.
…………………………………
‘Caesar's very first decree after taking office was that the [political] proceedings both
of the [B)] and of the people should be compiled and published day by day.’ (Roman
historian Suetonius)
„Hivatalba lépése után elsőként Caesar hozott rendeletet, hogy minden [politikai]
ügyet, melyet akár a [B)]-ban/-ben, akár a nép színe előtt tárgyalnak, írásba foglalva
tegyenek közzé.” (Suetonius római történetíró)
b) Which influential Roman political body is indicated by the letter B) in the excerpt?
…………………………………
‘He abused his power […]: For not only did he accept excessive honours, such as an
uninterrupted consulship, [C)] for life, […] but he also allowed honours to be bestowed
on him which were too great for mortal man.’ (Roman historian Suetonius)
„Visszaélt hatalmával […]: mert nem elég, hogy mértéktelenül sok tisztséget
elfogadott – évről évre consulságot, élete végégi tartó [C)]-i hatalmat, […] – hanem azt
is eltűrte, hogy minden emberi kitüntetésnél magasabbakat szavazzanak meg neki.”
(Suetonius római történetíró)
c) Which Roman political office is indicated by the letter C) in the excerpt?
…………………………………

d) In which year did the event depicted in the picture below take place?
19th century painting
The year of the event: ……………………………

4 points
2. This task is about the Islamic religion and its relationship to other monotheist religions.
Do the tasks using the excerpts from the sacred book of Islam and your own knowledge.
(1 point for each correct item.)
A) ‘O Children of Israel [i.e. Jews]! Remember My favour that I bestowed upon you,
and fulfil My covenant, so that I fulfil your covenant, and of Me alone be in awe and
fear. And believe in [a] what I have sent down [now] confirming that [b] which is with
you, and be not the first to disbelieve in it. And when it is said to them (the Jews),
"Believe in [a] what Allâh has sent down," they say, "We believe in [b] what was sent
down to us." And they disbelieve in that which came after it.’
A) „Ó, Izrael fiai [értsd: zsidók]! Emlékezzetek arra a kegyemre, amelyben titeket
részesítettelek, és teljesítsétek a Velem kötött szövetséget! Én is teljesítem a veletek
kötött szövetséget. Csak Tőlem rettegjetek! Higgyetek abban, [a] amit [most]
lebocsátottam, igazolván azt, [b] ami nálatok van, és ne legyetek az elsők, akik
megtagadják azt. Amikor az mondatik nekik: »Higgyetek abban, [a] amit Allah
leküldött!« Azt mondják [azonban a zsidók]: »Abban hiszünk, [b] ami nekünk
küldetett le«, és nem hisznek abban, ami azután jött.”
The underlined parts of excerpt A) marked a) and b) refer to two sacred texts. Name these.
a) …………………………
b) …………………………

B) ‘Indeed We see the turning of thy face to heaven, so We shall surely change the
direction of prayer to make thee happy; turn then thy face towards the Sacred Mosque.
And wherever you are, turn your faces towards it.’
B) „Bizony Mi látjuk orcád fordulását az ég felé, ezért megváltoztatjuk neked az

imairányt úgy, hogy azzal elégedett leszel. Fordítsd hát orcádat a Tilalmas Mecset felé,
és bárhol is vagytok, fordítsátok orcátokat arra!”
c) Name the city where the building underlined in excerpt B) stands.
……………………………
C) ‘As the Angels said, “O Mary surely Allah gives you good tidings of a Word. [...]
He shall speak to people while (he is still) in the cradle, and also later, when he is of
mature age; and he shall be one of the righteous.” [Mary] said, ’’Lord! However will I
have a child, and no mortal has touched me?”’
C) „Azt mondták az angyalok: »Oh, Mária! Allah örömhírt ad néked. […] Már a
bölcsőben beszélni fog az emberekhez, majd érett emberként is, és az igazak közé fog
tartozni. »Uram!« – mondta [Mária] – »Hogyan lehetne nekem gyermekem, holott nem
érintett ember?«”
d) Name the person whom the underlined part of excerpt C) refers to.
……………………………
4 points
3. This task is about the reconstruction after the Tartar invasion.

Do the tasks using the source and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item.)
‘To our guests from Körmend […] We grant the liberty that We shall not appoint any
foreigner, who is not their fellow citizen, to be their judge. They themselves, from
among themselves, shall elect as judge the person whom they deem, with consent,
suitable and useful. […] Furthermore, in the course of campaigns, where their
participation in person is required, from among them every fifteenth mansio [plot or
household] shall give Us […] a soldier in armour, equipped with two horses. […]
Furthermore, merchants from among them shall not pay customs duties of any kind
after their goods in the counties of Vas and Zala. Moreover, if any of them depart this
life without legitimate heirs they shall have the right to leave all their cattle to the local
church or to their kinsmen, as they wish.’ (Letters patent of Béla IV, 1244)
„Mi körmendi vendégeinknek […] azt a szabadságot adományoztuk, hogy mi az

idegenek közül, aki nem polgártársuk, senkit nem teszünk bírájukká, hanem egymás
között és ők maguk válasszák meg bírónak azt a személyt, akit közös megegyezéssel
alkalmatosnak és hasznosnak tartanak. […] Továbbá olyan hadjárat idején, amelyben
személyesen való kivonulásunk megkívántatik, közülük minden tizenöt mansio [telek
vagy háztartás] adni fog nekünk egy […] páncélos katonát, két lóval ellátva. […]
Továbbá, a közülük való kereskedők Vas és Zala vármegyékben portékáik után

semmiféle vámot se tartozzanak fizetni. Ezenfelül akik közülük törvényes örökösök

nélkül távoznak el az élők sorából, azoknak legyen szabad tehetségük, hogy akaratuk
tetszése szerint összes jószágaikat vagy az ott épült egyházra, vagy pedig az
atyafiaikra hagyományozni.” (IV. Béla kiváltságlevele, 1244)
a) Circle the number of those two town privileges which are mentioned in the extract
above.
1. Paying tax in a single sum, once a year
2. Free election of parish priest
3. Right to hold markets
4. Free election of judges
5. Exemption from customs duties
Name two town obligations (at the same time privileges), which were prescribed by the
ruler for the defence against the Tartars.
b) Appears in the source: ..................................................................
c) Does not appear in the source: ......................................................
4 points
4. This task is about the Reformation and the Catholic revival.

Below you will find sources related to Christian denominations. Decide which
denomination each source can be connected to. Circle the number of the correct answer.
(1 point for each correct item.)
a) b)
1. Unitarian 1. Greek Catholic

2. Calvinist/Reformed 2. Orthodox
3. Roman Catholic 3. Calvinist/Reformed

c)
1. Calvinist/Reformed
2. Roman Catholic
3. Evangelical/Lutheran
d) ‘In our country papal indulgences intended to pay for the construction of Saint
Peter’s basilica in Rome are being paraded around in the name and under the title of
Your Highness. I am not protesting so much against the great noise of the indulgence
sellers, […] but I am complaining about the misconception […] entertained by the
unfortunate faithful who are convinced and believe that by purchasing the
indulgences they ensure their heavenly salvation; furthermore, that as soon as they
drop their coin for a soul into the box, the soul will be immediately released from
purgatory.’ (Letter to the archbishop of Mainz, 1517)
d) „Országunkban körülhordják fejedelmi Kegyelmességed neve és címe alatt a Szent

Péter római székesegyháza felépítését célzó pápai búcsút. Nem annyira a búcsú-
hirdetők nagy lármája miatt emelek én panaszt, […] hanem ama balhit miatt panasz-
kodom, […] hogy a boldogtalan hívek meg vannak róla győződve és hiszik, hogy
a búcsúlevelek megvásárlásával mennyei üdvösségüket biztosítják, továbbá, hogy
a lelkek a tisztítótűzből nyomban kiszabadulnak, amint berakták a ládába érettük
a garast.” (Levél a mainzi érsekhez, 1517)
1. Reformed / Calvinist
2. Evangelical / Lutheran
3. Orthodox 4 points
5) This task is about the battle of Mohács.

Do the tasks using the sources and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item)
For which extracts are the following statements true? Circle the number of the
appropriate extract.
a) The author of the extract raises the issue of Louis II’s responsibility for the defeat.
1. ‘If it was possible to save this country for three Florins, there would not be three
people in the country willing to make this sacrifice.’ (Report by Papal emissary Burgio,
16th century)
„Amennyiben három forint árán meg lehetne menteni ezt az országot, nem akadna
három ember, aki ezt az áldozatot meghozná.” (Burgio pápai követi jelentése, 16. sz.)

2. ‘Wladislaw allowed the gradual disintegration of military discipline and order in

Matthias’ time, so the Hungarians of Louis II had nothing more than their insane
bravado, and this was not based on actual military experience.’ (Italian historian and
doctor Paolo Giovio, 16th century)
„Ulászló hagyta, hogy a Mátyás korabeli katonai fegyelem és rend apránként meg-
szűnjék, így Lajos király magyarjainak másuk se volt, mint őrült hősködésük, ez
pedig nem alapult tényleges katonai tapasztalaton.” (Paolo Giovio itáliai történetíró
és orvos, 16. század)
3. ‘The first reason is the negligence of the king [Louis], and his lack of all regal virtues.
Thus having been freed from all constraints at a very tender age, his highness was
vested with great power, which naturally led to the fact that he did not use his
liberty and power the way his good tutors had taught him.’ (Report by papal emissary
Burgio, 16th century)
„Az első ok [Lajos] király nemtörődömsége és hogy híjával van minden uralkodói
erénynek. Őfelsége tehát ily fiatalon minden korláttól megszabadulva, nagy
hatalomhoz jutott, aminek természetesen az lett az eredménye, hogy szabadságát
és hatalmát nem úgy használta fel, ahogyan jó nevelői tanították.” (Burgio pápai
követi jelentése, 16. század)
b) According to the author of the extract, the Hungarian charge came up against the resistance
of the Janissaries.
1. ‘The infidel king launched an attack against the sultan of sultans in person, and one
of his serdars [leaders], his damned vizier, the one renowned for his fearlessness
called the Monk [Pál Tomori] led a charge against the Rumelian [Balkan] corps.’
(Turkish historian Khatib Muhammad Zaim Turkish historian, second half of the 16th
century)
„A hitetlen király személyesen intézett támadást a szultánok szultánja ellen,
szerdárainak [parancsnok] egyike pedig, a rettenthetetlenségéről ismeretes Barát
nevű [Tomori Pál] átkozott vezíre, a ruméliai [balkáni] hadtestet rohanta meg.”
(Kátib Mohammed Záim török történetíró, 16. század második fele)
2. ‘When the [Hungarian centre] approached the cannons, the valiant [Turkish]
musketeers fired their bullets, emitting clouds of smoke to the sky, as if hail was
falling from above.’ (Sultan’s journal, 16th century)
„Mikor az ágyúüteg közelébe érkezett [a magyar középhad], a [török] puskás
vitézek füstfelleget bocsátva az ég felé, úgy szórták a puskagolyót, mintha jégeső
esett volna.” (Szultáni napló, 16. század)
3. ‘From the army of the infidel three […][large] drunken men in armour, holding
shining spears, broke through the lines in front of them, and just as forked
lightening splits clouds, they appeared threateningly in front [of the sultan].’
(Description by Kemal Pasha Zade, 16th century)

„A hitetlenek seregéből három […] [nagy] termetű részeg páncélos, kezükben fénylő
lándzsával, áttörte az elébük álló sorokat, mint a cikázó villám szokta meghasította
a felhőt, s ijesztő módon termett a [szultán] előtt.” (Kemál pasa záde leírása, 16. század)
c) According to the author of the extract, János Szapolyai failed to get to the battle of Mohács
because he was given contradictory military commands.
1. ‘The magnates said: Your Highness, this traitor [János Szapolyai] should not come
[against the Turks], as we should all fear him, Your Highness as well. He is excluded
from our company.’ (From the memoirs of György Szerémi, 16th century)
„Mondták a mágnások: Felséges király, ne jöjjön [a török ellen] az az áruló
[Szapolyai János], mert félnie kell tőle valamennyiünknek, a királyi felségnek is. Ő
ki van zárva társaságunkból.” (Szerémi György emlékiratából, 16. század)
2. ‘The best would be for the Transylvanian voivod […] to attack the unsuspecting
enemy [through Moldavia], […] and force [the Turks] to hurry back to defend their
own country. [Later] [he] was told […] to do what he considered best in the interests
of the state.’ (Chronicle of István Brodarics, 16th century)
„Legokosabb volna, ha az erdélyi vajda […] hátba támadná a mit sem sejtő ellenséget
[Moldván keresztül], […] és rákényszerítené [a törököt], hogy saját országának
védelmére siessen. [Később] aztán közölték [vele] […] azt cselekedje, amit inkább
az állam érdekében valónak fog találni.” (Brodarics István krónikája, 16. század)
3. ‘János voivod was often asked to fight against the Turks. Ferenc Bodó destroyed
many Turks, and on hearing this János voivod scolded him immediately, saying
that he had done the wrong thing.’ (From the memoirs of György Szerémi, 16th century
„János vajdát igen sokszor kérték, hogy harcoljon a törökök ellen. Bodó Ferenc sok
törököt elpusztított, s hogy ezt János vajda meghallotta, mindjárt megdorgálta őt,
hogy rosszul cselekedett.” (Szerémi György emlékiratából, 16. század)
d) Which office/title did János Szapolyai obtain after the battle of Mohács? Circle the
number of the correct answer.
1. Prince of Transylvania
2. governor
3. King of Hungary
4 points

6. This task is about the history of the French Revolution.

Below you will find four extracts from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen. For each extract, there is a statement referring to it. Circle the number of the
correct continuation of each statement. (1 point for each correct item)
a) ‘Liberty consists in the ability to do whatever does not harm another; hence the
exercise of the natural rights of each man has no other limits than those which assure
to other members of society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be
determined by the law.’
a) „A szabadság annyit jelent, hogy mindent szabad, ami másnak nem árt. Az egyes
ember természetes jogainak gyakorlása tehát más korlátokba nem ütközhetik, mint
azokba, amelyek a társadalom többi tagjai számára ugyanezen jogok élvezetét
biztosítják; s e korlátokat a törvény határozhatja meg.”
You can be punished for…

1. uttering anything that the majority does not approve of.
2. doing anything that restricts other people’s natural rights, and this is regulated by law.
3. restricting people in a way which hinders them in any activity, and this is regulated by law.
b) ‘Every man being presumed innocent until judged guilty, if it is deemed

indispensable to arrest him, all rigour unnecessary to securing his person should be
severely repressed by the law.’
b) „Mindaddig, amíg bűnössé nem nyilvánítják, minden ember ártatlannak vélelme-
zendő. Ha tehát letartóztatása mégis elkerülhetetlenné válik, a törvénynek szigorúan
meg kell torolnia minden olyan keményebb rendszabályt, amelyet a szökés meg-
akadályozásának szükségessége nem indokol.”
The accused ...

1. must be guarded with the utmost strictness until he is proved innocent.
2. need not be very strictly guarded, as declaring him guilty usually takes a long time.
3. must not be guarded too strictly as he must be presumed innocent until the end of the trial.
c) ‘The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the most precious of the
rights of man. Every citizen may therefore speak, write, and print freely, but he is
responsible for any abuse of this liberty in the cases set by the law.’
c) „A gondolatok és vélemények szabad közlése az embernek egyik legértékesebb joga;
ennélfogva minden polgár szabadon szólhat, írhat s nyomtathat ki bármit,
felelősséggel tartozván viszont e szabadsággal való visszaélésért a törvény által meg-
határozott esetekben.”
Considering opinions published in the press...

1. everybody is responsible for their published opinion, and if this violates the rights of others,
they can then be prosecuted.
2. everybody has only moral responsibility for their published opinion, thus they cannot be
punished.
3. everybody is responsible for their published opinion, thus permission must be obtained from
the court before publication.

d) ‘For maintenance of public authority and for expenses of administration, common

taxation is indispensable. It should be apportioned equally among all the citizens
according to their capacity to pay [tax].’
d) „A karhatalom és a közigazgatás költségeinek fedezésére nélkülözhetetlenül
szükséges mindenkinek közös hozzájárulása; s e hozzájárulást, kinek-kinek
[adófizetési] képessége szerint, a polgárok összessége közt egyenlően kell elosztani.”
State expenses are covered...

1. by an equal amount of tax paid by each citizens.
2. by the higher taxes paid by educated citizens, while unschooled citizens pay less.
3. by citizens in proportion to their income or wealth, but according to the same principles.
4 points
7. This task is about the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. (complex task)

Do the tasks using the source and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item)
‘The movements for liberty electrified half of Europe. […] These events shook the
structure of the ancient constitution in Hungary as well. […] Through laws created
concerning the question of the freedom of the press, popular representation, […]
independent Hungarian [government] such foundations have been laid on which the
proudest structure of the liberty and freedom of the […] nation can safely rise. […] The
share we all get from what we own in common shall be greater than […] what used to
be held by the privileged citizens of the country; as liberty does not diminish, but
grows when it is shared; since Law does not grow weaker but stronger if it is owned
by more people.’ (Report on the last estate diet in the spring of 1848 by Lajos Kossuth and
his fellow delegate)
„Fél Európát villanyozták keresztül a szabadság mozgalmai. […] Ezen események

megrázkódtatták hazánkban is az ős[i] alkotmány épületét. […] A szabad sajtó, a
népképviselet, […] a független magyar [kormány tárgyában] […] alkotott törvények
által oly alapok rakattak le, melyeken a nemzet […] szabadságának és boldogságának
legbüszkébb épülete biztosan emelkedhetik. […] Mindnyájunknak része, mely a
közösből jut, nagyobb lesz annál, melyet […] bírtak az ország kiváltságos polgárai;
mert a szabadság nem fogy, hanem nő, ha megosztatik; mert a jog nem gyengül,
hanem erősebb lesz, ha többek tulajdona.” (Kossuth Lajosnak és követtársának jelentése az
utolsó rendi országgyűlésről 1848 tavaszán)
a) In which city did they hold the diet about which the report was written? Name the city.
……………………………………………
b) Using your own words, explain the meaning of the first sentence of the extract in a
single sentence.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..

c) What is the collective name of the laws to which the extract above refers? Use the
appropriate historical terminology.
…………………………………………
d) The codification of ‘freedom of the press’ meant the abolition of an activity carried out
by the state. Using the appropriate historical terminology, name this activity.
………………………………………….
e) What did the codification of ‘popular representation’ mean? Circle the number of the
correct answer.
1. Serfs were able to delegate two representatives per county to the parliament.
2. Restricted suffrage was introduced.
3. Universal adult male suffrage was introduced.
f) Of the measures below, which can be linked most closely to the last sentence of the
extract? Circle the number of the correct answer.
1. annual parliaments
2. liberation of serfs
3. union with Transylvania
6 points
8. This task is about National Socialist Germany.

Using the source and your own knowledge, choose the four correct statements referring
to National Socialist labour service. Circle the number of the correct statements. (1 point
for each correct item.)
‘It is the duty of all German youth of both sexes to serve their people within the
framework of the Reich’s labour service. Labour service in the Reich teaches German
youth the sense of unity with people, the correct approach towards labour, especially
the appreciation of physical labour, in the spirit of National Socialism. The aim of
labour service in the Reich is to perform community service work. […] Reich Labour
service cannot be undertaken by people who are not of Aryan origin, or whose spouse
is not of Aryan origin. […] In case of illness or accident, members of the labour service
are entitled to free medical care and treatment according to separate measures. The
wages paid for Reich labour service are regulated by the decree on payment for Reich
labour service.’ (Law on Reich labour service, 1935)
„Mindkét nembeli minden német fiatalnak kötelessége népét a birodalmi
munkaszolgálat keretében szolgálni. A birodalmi munkaszolgálat a német ifjúságot a
nemzetiszocializmus szellemében a népi közösség érzésére, a helyes munkafelfogásra,
különösen a fizikai munka becsületére neveli. A birodalmi munkaszolgálat célja
közhasznú munkák elvégzése. […] Birodalmi munkaszolgálatra nem bocsátható, aki
nem árja származású, vagy házastársa nem árja származású. […] A birodalmi
munkaszolgálat tagjainak betegség vagy baleset esetén joguk van az ingyenes orvosi
ellátásra és ápolásra külön rendelkezések alapján. A birodalmi munkaszolgálat
tagjainak járandóságát a birodalmi munkaszolgálat bérezési rendelete szabályozza.”
(Törvény a birodalmi munkaszolgálatról, 1935)

1. Labour service was mandatory free labour prior to service at the front.
2. Labour service increased purchasing power, thus boosting consumption.
3. Labour service reduced the excess workforce; thus it was possible to raise salaries.
4. The main aim of labour service was to boost the production of goods, which had suffered a
cut-back as a result of the crisis.
5. State social security extended to members of the labour service as well.
6. Labour service was a voluntary opportunity offered to the unemployed.
7. Anti-Semitism was manifested within labour service as well.
8. People performing labour service actually only received ideological education; they did not
perform actual work.
4 points
9. This task is about the Bethlen consolidation. Below you will find extracts and statements
related to the content of these extracts. Using the sources and your own knowledge, circle
the number of the two correct statements under each extract. (1 point for each correct item)
a) ‘The starting point of the negotiations was that the official representatives and
spokesmen of the Hungarian Social Democratic workers repeatedly emphasised
publicly the fact that the Social Democratic workers consider the interests of the
country identical with their own, and are prepared to take part in the great historic
project of reviving the nation with every effort and willingness to make sacrifice. […]
As far as the current interpretation of the right to form associations and gatherings is
concerned, the Social Democratic party understands it to mean that with the exception
of the Social Democratic party all other parties are allowed to hold assemblies and
gatherings. This does not only make the workers feel insulted and desperate.
[…][Consequently] the meeting agrees that the government will re-establish the right
of political assembly, treating all parties equally.’ (Minutes of the negotiations between the
government and the Social Democratic Party, 1921)
a) „A tárgyalások kiindulási pontja az volt, hogy a magyar szociáldemokrata

munkásság hivatalos képviselői és orgánumai a nyilvánosság előtt ismételten
hangsúlyozták, hogy a szociáldemokrata munkásság az ország érdekeit a magáéval
azonosoknak tekinti, s kész a nemzet újjáépítésének történelmi nagy munkájában teljes
erővel és áldozatkészséggel részt venni. […] Az egyesülési és gyülekezési jog mai
kezelése a szociáldemokrata párt felfogása szerint azt jelenti, hogy a szociáldemokrata
pártot kivéve minden más párt tarthat gyűléseket és összejöveteleket. Ez a munkások-
ra nemcsak bántólag és elkeserítőleg hat. […] [Ezért] az értekezlet megállapodik
abban, hogy […] a politikai gyülekezési jogot valamennyi pártra nézve egyenlő
elbánás mellett a kormány visszaállítja.” (Jegyzőkönyv a kormány és a Szociáldemokrata
Párt tárgyalásából, 1921)
1. Several parties were able to function legally.

2. The trauma caused by the Trianon treaty also played a role in the conclusion of the
agreement.
3. According to the agreement, unlike other parties, the Social Democratic Party needed special
permission if it wanted to exercise its right of free assembly.
4. The government intended to form a coalition with the Social Democratic Party.
5. A significant part of the village population supported the Social Democratic Party.

b) ‘Primarily it is in larger, more developed towns that we can introduce secret ballots.
In such places people are less likely to know each other and are usually less inclined
to pay attention to who votes for which party, so being aware of the responsibility of
voting does not play as significant a part in franchise as it does in smaller places. […]
In smaller places, where everyone’s political tendencies are known, secrecy plays an
insignificant part concerning the integrity of the elections, while looking at it from the
point of political moderation it could be very disadvantageous.’ (Rationale for the
electoral law, 1925)
b) „Elsősorban a nagyobb, fejlettebb városok azok, ahol titkossá tehetjük a szavazást.

Ilyen helyeken az emberek kevésbé ismerik egymást, rendszerint kevésbé kísérik
figyelemmel, hogy ki milyen pártra szavazott, és így a felelősség tudata nem játszik
olyan szerepet a választójog gyakorlásánál, mint kisebb helyeken. [...] Kisebb helyeken
– ahol mindenkiről tudják, hogy merre hajlik – a titkosságnak a választások tisztasága
szempontjából alig lehet jelentősége, ellenben a politikai mérséklet nézőpontjából
számos nagy hátránnyal járhat.” (A választási törvény indoklásából, 1925)
1. Voting was secret everywhere.

2. As a result of the law, in larger towns the opposition was able to win fewer votes.
3. Election was indirect.
4. By restricting franchise, they strove to restrain extreme political views as well.
5. The way elections were conducted depended on the type of settlement.
4 points
10. This task is about the disintegration of Yugoslavia.

Using the data in the table, match the member states of Yugoslavia to the statements which
refer to them. Write the name of the member state on the dotted line. There are two extra
member states. (1 point for each correct item.)
Some characteristic features of the member states of Yugoslavia, 1990

Member states Religion of the Share of Yugoslavia’s Share of Yugoslavia’s
majority population (%) gross domestic product
(%)
Slovenia mostly Roman 8 18
Catholic
Croatia mostly Roman 20 27
Catholic
Bosnia- mixed Catholic- 19 12
Herzegovina Orthodox-Muslim
Serbia mostly Orthodox 42 36
Montenegro mostly Orthodox 3 2
Macedonia mostly Orthodox 8 5
a) The civil war was the bloodiest in this member state, as the religious-cultural fault-line
passed through its territory.
………………………………….

b) Compared to their proportion of population, these two member states made the highest
contribution to Yugoslavia’s economic production.
………………………….. ……………………………………..
c) In 1990, this member state had the highest economic production within Yugoslavia.
……………………………………
4 points
11. This task is about the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight.
Below you will find posters and statements referring to them. Match each statement with
the relevant poster(s). Write the number of each statement in the appropriate box in the
table. Write only one number in each box. One number can appear twice. (1 point for each
correct item.)
a) b)
Poster
“Work = order, peace, well-being
Strike = fear, inflation, poverty
Poster Those who agitate against work, order and peace are:
“Throw the Soviet bootlickers, who COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES”
also served the Rákosi regime, out of
the government!”

c) d)
Poster
“Independent, neutral Falragasz
Hungary” “Our weapon is the strike
Success is ours
The Kádár government is retreating
Our rightful demands are rock-solid”
Statements:
1. This poster expresses the demands of the revolutionaries.
2. This poster was commissioned by the party and government led by János Kádár.
3. This poster calls for social resistance following November 4th, 1956.
Letter of
Number of statement
poster
a)
b)
c)
d)
4 points

12. This task is about the situation of the Roma in Hungary today.
Do the tasks using the sources and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item.)
A)
Distribution of Hungarian Roma according to regions

The numbers in the boxes indicate what percentage of the Roma lived in the given region
according to the data of the 1990 and 2011 censuses of the population
B)
The proportion of the Roma population in different types of settlement in
Hungary according to the data of the 1990 and 2011 censuses (%)
1990 2011
Budapest 0.40 1.17
County seats and towns 0.57 1.45
with county rights
Other towns 1.43 3.16
Villages 2.48 5.40
a) The data in which source indicate a rise in the proportion of Roma in the national
population? Circle the number of the correct answer.
1. Source A) 2. Source B) 3. both 4. neither
b) Using source A), decide which one of the following statements is correct. Circle the
1. The majority of the Roma live in the economically less developed regions of the country.
2. Between 1990 and 2011, there was an internal migration among the Roma, with a movement
from the west towards the east.
3. About one quarter of the Hungarian Roma live in Budapest.

c) Using source B), decide which one of the following statements is correct. Circle the
1. At the time of the change of regime, the proportion of Roma living in the provinces was
lower than the proportion living in the capital.
2. According to the data of the 2011 census, about 5 percent of the Hungarian Roma lived in
provincial towns.
3. The proportion of Roma in the population is higher in smaller settlements.
d) Which statement is true about the territorial (according to regions and settlement
types) distribution of the Hungarian Roma?
1. It can be described as balanced.

2. It promotes their assimilation.
3. It has a negative effect on their chances of finding employment.
4 points

II LONGER, ESSAY-TYPE QUESTIONS
Please read the following instructions carefully.
You must do two of the following tasks.

You must make your selection according to the following rules:
You must do:

one short task on world history and
one long task on Hungarian history.
The short task on world history and the long Hungarian task must be about different periods –
one on the period up to 1849, the other on the period after 1849. (In the chart, the periods are
separated by a double line.)
Study the tasks carefully.

Period Number Tasks Task type
Up to 13 Early Capitalism short
World 1849
history After 14 The United States’ entry into the War short
1849
Up to 15 Matthias Hunyadi’s foreign policy long
Hungarian 1849
history After The ethnic conditions of Hungary
16 long
1849 under the Dual Monarchy
After studying the tasks, circle the numbers of the tasks that you have chosen.
In the table below we have indicated the two possible options. Mark your choice by putting
an X into the appropriate row. Mark only one of the options.
Numbers of the Your choice marked

selected tasks with an X
13 and 16
14 and 15
Only do the two tasks that you have selected. Write your answers on the dotted lines below
the two tasks of the same type.
Before doing the tasks please study the Important Information on page 2 of this booklet.
You can make drafts while working on the answers.
You will find the evaluation criteria after each task. The scores will be decided by the
correcting teacher.

13. This task is about Capitalism in the Early Modern Period. (short)
Using the source and your own knowledge, describe how manufactories worked. In your
answer, include the connection between manufactories and mass production.
’One Man with a Mill can grind as much Corn, as twenty can pound in a Mortar; one
Printer can make as many Copies, as an Hundred Men can write by hand; one
Horse can carry upon Wheels, as much as Five upon their Backs; and in a Boat,
[...], as Twenty:. One sort of Vessels, and way of manning in time of Peace, and cheap
gross Goods, another for War and precious Commodities; One sort of Vessels for the
turbulent Sea, another for Inland Waters and Rivers; One sort of Vessels, and Rigging,
where haste is requisite for the Maidenhead of a Market, another where 1/5 or 1/4
part of the time makes no matter.’ (Political arithmetic by William Petty, 1690)
„Egy ember malomban annyi gabonát őröl, mint húsz mozsarakban, egy nyomdász
annyi példányt készít, mint százan kézzel írva, egy ló szekéren annyit bír el, mint öt a
hátán, egy csónak pedig akár annyit is, mint húsz ló. […] Egyfajta hajó és legénység
béke idejére, olcsó tömegcikkek szállítására, egy másik háborúra és értékes
luxusjavakra. Egyfajta hajó a viharos tengerre, egy másik a belvizekre és folyókra.
Egyfajta hajó és vitorlázat, ha sürget az idő, hogy elsőként érj a piacra, egy másik, ha
nem számít, hogy ötödével vagy negyedével több ideig tart az út.” (William Petty
Politikai számtan című művéből, 1690)
14. This task is about the First World War. (short)

Using the source and your own knowledge, describe the circumstances under which The
United States entered the War, and the consequences of this entry.
’While the evidence before this committee does not show that wars have been started
solely because of the activities of munitions makers and their agents, it is also true that
wars rarely have one single cause, and the committee finds it to be against the peace
of the world for selfishly interested organizations to be left free to goad and frighten
nations into military activity. [...]
The committee finds that the munitions companies have constantly exerted pressure
on the War Department to allow the exportation of the most recent American
improvements in warfare, and have usually been successful in securing it.’ (Report of
the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry – also known as the Nye
Committee, 1936, examining the responsibility of the arms industry for war)
„Noha a bizottság előtti bizonyítékok nem mutatják, hogy a háborút kizárólag a

hadianyaggyártók és ügynökeik tevékenysége miatt indították, az is igaz, hogy a
háborúknak ritkán van egyetlen oka, és a bizottság úgy találja, hogy a világ békéje
ellen való vétek, ha hagyjuk, hogy az érdekelt szervezetek felpiszkálják és
megfélemlítsék a nemzeteket, hogy végül háborúba kezdjenek. […]
A bizottság úgy találja, hogy a hadianyaggyártók folyamatosan nyomást gyakoroltak
a Hadügyminisztériumra, hogy lehetővé tegyék a legújabb amerikai haditechnikai
fejlesztések exportját, és általában sikeresen el is érték azt.”(A hadianyaggyártók háborús
felelősségét vizsgáló kongresszusi bizottság – az ún. Nye-bizottság – jelentése, 1936)

Number of the chosen short task on world history: ….
Your answer:
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Maximum Achieved
Criteria
points
Understanding of task 2
Location in place and time L 2
Communication, use of special C1 2

vocabulary C2 2
Acquisition of information, use of S 3

sources
Describing reasons behind an event, E1 3

critical and problem-centred thinking E2 3
Total/Exam points 17

15. This task is about the reign of Matthias Hunyadi. (long)

Using the sources and your own knowledge, describe Matthias’s efforts, and the conquests
he made, in order to defend the country, and how he financed them.
The southern border of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 15th century
Glossary
Végvárak border fortresses
Bánságok banats
Ütközőállamok és függő területek buffer states and dependent territories
Horvátország Croatia
Oszmán Birodalom Ottoman Empire
Duna Danube
‘Our army is divided into three branches: the first consists of heavy cavalry, who ask
for 15 golden pieces quarterly. The second branch is the light cavalry, who we call
hussars: for each horse, they ask for 10 golden pieces quarterly, […] the infantry and
arquebusiers [with firearms] are surrounded by armoured soldiers and shield-bearers,
as if they were standing behind a rampart.’ (Matthias’s letter to bishop Gabriele of Verona,
1481)
„Nálunk a katonaság három fegyvernemre oszlik: ezek elejét e vértesek alkotják, akik
minden negyedév után 15 aranyat kérnek. A második fegyvernem a könnyűlovasság,
akiket huszároknak hívunk: ezek negyedévenként egy ló után tíz aranyat kérnek, […]
az egész gyalogságot, a puskásokat is, vértesek és pajzsosok veszik körül, éppúgy
mintha azok bástya mögött állnának.” (Mátyás levele Veronai Gábor püspöknek, 1481)
‘On returning to the camp, he had protective roofs, siege towers, cannons and other
siege engines taken to the walls. At night they took one of the suburbs, and burnt most
of it; it is said that a lot of commoners perished here. This scared the Viennese very
much, as an important part of the city had fallen. They asked the emperor to send
reinforcements. […] Finally, the Viennese, deprived of all help, tortured by unbearable
famine, to the eternal shame of the emperor, surrendered to Matthias on the first of
June.’ (Chronicles of Bonfini, 1496)

„A táborba visszatérve védőtetőket, tornyokat, ágyúkat s más hadigépeket vitet a

falakhoz. Éjnek idején az egyik külvárost elfoglalják, nagy részét felgyújtják; mondják,
hogy a köznépből itt sokan odavesztek. Ettől a bécsiek igen megrettentek, mert a város
fontos része esett el. Kérték a császárt, küldjön segítséget. […] Végül is a bécsiek
minden segítség híján, kibírhatatlan éhségtől gyötörve, a császár örök gyalázatára,
június elsején meghódoltak Mátyásnak.” (Bonfini krónikájából, 1496)
16. This task is about Hungary under the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy.
(long)
Using the sources and your own knowledge, describe the changes in ethnic conditions in
Hungary under the Dual Monarchy, and the main elements of the issue of nationalities.
In your answer, include the legal position of Croatia.
Ethnic composition of the population of Ethnic composition of emigrants from

Hungary in 1900 (not including Croatia) Hungary between 1899 and 1913 (not
including Croatia)
Glossary: Ruszin Ruthenian Szlovák Slovakian
Horvát Croatian Német German
Szerb Serbian Magyar Hungarian
Román Romanian Egyéb Other
‘§ 3. In municipal assemblies everybody who has the right to

speak can speak either in Hungarian or in his own mother tongue, if that is not
Hungarian. [...]
§ 8. The judge [...] shall deal with complaints and requests in the language of the
complaints and requests; interrogation, the questioning of witnesses, inspections and
other juridical activities [...] shall be carried out in the language of the parties in court
or of the interrogated persons. [...]
§ 17 The state [...] is obliged to ensure in state educational institutions, as far as
possible, that citizens of any nationalities, who live together in larger groups, are able
to educate themselves in the vicinity of the area they inhabit in their mother tongue. ‘
(Excerpts from Act XLIV of 1868)

„3. § Törvényhatósági gyűlésekben mindaz, aki ott szólás jogával bír, akár magyarul
szólhat, akár saját anyanyelvén, ha az nem a magyar. […]
8. § A bíró […] a panaszt vagy kérelmet, a panasz vagy kérelem nyelvén intézi el; a
kihallgatást, tanúhallgatást, szemlét és más bírói cselekményeket […] a perben álló
felek, illetőleg a kihallgatott személyek nyelvén eszközli. […]
17. § Az állam […] köteles az állami tanintézetekben a lehetőségig gondoskodni arról,
hogy a hon bármely nemzetiségű, nagyobb tömegekben együtt élő polgárai az általuk
lakott vidékek közelében anyanyelvükön képezhessék.”
(Részletek az 1868. évi XLIV. törvénycikkből)
Proportion of civil servants speaking

Hungarian as their mother tongue in
Hungary in 1910 (%)
Categories of civil servants proportion
State civil servants 95.6
County civil servants 92.9
Town civil servants 87.5
Judges and prosecutors 96.8
Number of the chosen long task on Hungarian history: ….
Your answer:
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….

..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Maximum Achieved
Criteria
points
Understanding of task 2
Location in place and time L1 2

L2 2
Communication, use of special C1 2

vocabulary C2 2
C3 2
Acquisition of information, use of S1 3

sources S2 3
S3 3
Describing reasons behind an event, E1 3

critical and problem-centred thinking E2 3
E3 3
E4 3
Total/Exam points 33

Sources (texts, pictures, tables, graphs) appearing in the test booklet:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org
4. https://cultura.hu
10. Probáld Ferenc – Szabó Pál (szerk.): Európa regionális földrajza II. Budapest, 2007. 432.
11. http://www.fszek.hu/56/Tematikus_HTM_ek/Egyeb_HTM_ek/Jelkepek_ellen_HTM_ek/Feliratok.htm
https://napitortenelmiforras.blog.hu/2016/02/23/a_kadari_hatalom_nyomai_a_falakon
https://ritkanlathatotortenelem.blog.hu/2017/01/31/magyar_plakatok_1951
https://mek.oszk.hu/kiallitas/1956/html/roplapok/apro1956_0764.htm
12. https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/terstat/2018/01/ts580101.pdf
(Pénzes János, Tátrai Patrik, Pásztor István Zoltán tanulmánya)
16. Nagy Mariann–Katus László: A Magyar Korona országainak nemzetiségei a 18–19. században.
http://arkadia.pte.hu/tortenelem/tananyag/magyar_korona_orsz_nemzetisegei_1819sz_modulterv


points
maximum achieved
Task 1 4
Task 2 4
Task 3 4
Task 4 4
Task 5 4
Task 6 4
I. Short Task 7 6
answer tasks Task 8 4
Task 9 4
Task 10 4
Task 11 4
Task 12 4
Total 50
I. Achieved points rounded up
Task 13 17
Task 14 17
II. Longer, Task 15 33
essay-type
Task 16 33
questions
Total 50
II. Achieved points rounded up
I. + II.
Total score for the written exam 100
date correcting teacher
_________________________________________________________________________________
pontszáma egész
számra kerekítve
programba
elért
beírt
I. Egyszerű, rövid választ igénylő feladatok
II. Szöveges (kifejtendő) feladatok
dátum dátum
javító tanár jegyző

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Név: ........................................................... osztály:......

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA • 2023. május 10.

2023. május 10. 9:00

Időtartam: 225 perc

Történelem angol nyelven középszint — írásbeli vizsga 2014

2014 írásbeli vizsga 2 / 28 2023. május 10.

I. SHORT ANSWER TASKS

1. This task is about Julius Caesar’s attempt to achieve autocracy.

c) Which Roman political office is indicated by the letter C) in the excerpt?

2014 írásbeli vizsga 3 / 28 2023. május 10.

19th century painting

The year of the event: ……………………………

2014 írásbeli vizsga 4 / 28 2023. május 10.

B) „Bizony Mi látjuk orcád fordulását az ég felé, ezért megváltoztatjuk neked az

c) Name the city where the building underlined in excerpt B) stands.

3. This task is about the reconstruction after the Tartar invasion.

„Mi körmendi vendégeinknek […] azt a szabadságot adományoztuk, hogy mi az

2014 írásbeli vizsga 5 / 28 2023. május 10.

semmiféle vámot se tartozzanak fizetni. Ezenfelül akik közülük törvényes örökösök

b) Appears in the source: ..................................................................

c) Does not appear in the source: ......................................................

4. This task is about the Reformation and the Catholic revival.

1. Unitarian 1. Greek Catholic

2014 írásbeli vizsga 6 / 28 2023. május 10.

d) „Országunkban körülhordják fejedelmi Kegyelmességed neve és címe alatt a Szent

5) This task is about the battle of Mohács.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 7 / 28 2023. május 10.

2. ‘Wladislaw allowed the gradual disintegration of military discipline and order in

2014 írásbeli vizsga 8 / 28 2023. május 10.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 9 / 28 2023. május 10.

6. This task is about the history of the French Revolution.

You can be punished for…

b) ‘Every man being presumed innocent until judged guilty, if it is deemed

The accused ...

Considering opinions published in the press...

2014 írásbeli vizsga 10 / 28 2023. május 10.

d) ‘For maintenance of public authority and for expenses of administration, common

State expenses are covered...

7. This task is about the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. (complex task)

„Fél Európát villanyozták keresztül a szabadság mozgalmai. […] Ezen események

2014 írásbeli vizsga 11 / 28 2023. május 10.

8. This task is about National Socialist Germany.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 12 / 28 2023. május 10.

a) „A tárgyalások kiindulási pontja az volt, hogy a magyar szociáldemokrata

1. Several parties were able to function legally.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 13 / 28 2023. május 10.

b) „Elsősorban a nagyobb, fejlettebb városok azok, ahol titkossá tehetjük a szavazást.

1. Voting was secret everywhere.

10. This task is about the disintegration of Yugoslavia.

Some characteristic features of the member states of Yugoslavia, 1990

2014 írásbeli vizsga 14 / 28 2023. május 10.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 15 / 28 2023. május 10.

2014 írásbeli vizsga 16 / 28 2023. május 10.

Distribution of Hungarian Roma according to regions

1. Source A) 2. Source B) 3. both 4. neither

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1. It can be described as balanced.

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II LONGER, ESSAY-TYPE QUESTIONS

Please read the following instructions carefully.

You must do two of the following tasks.

You must do:

Study the tasks carefully.