SUBJECT: NCM 105- LAB
ACTIVITY: FOOD RELATED DISEASES
DISEASE SYMPTOMS
A. Protein-related Disease
Marasmus fatigue, irritability, diarrhea,
stunted growth and impairment of
cognition and mental health.
Cachexia severe weight loss, including loss
of fat and muscle mass. loss of
appetite. anaemia (low red blood
cells) weakness and fatigue.
Kwashiorkor fatigue, irritability, diarrhea,
stunted growth and impairment of
cognition and mental health.
Deficiencies of Protein C redness, pain, tenderness or
swelling in the affected area.
Deficiencies of Protein S redness, pain, tenderness or
swelling in the affected area.
CAUSES
severe deficiency of protein and
calories
weight loss and mortality and is
associated with cancer, AIDS,
chronic kidney failure, heart disease, and pancreas experience
chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease and rheumatoid arthritis,
severe deficiency of protein in diets usually affects older children
that contain calories
inherited conditions that cause
abnormal blood clotting
inherited conditions that cause
abnormal blood clotting
PREVALENCE
affect infants and very young
children
Patients with malignant cancer of the intake should be a minimum of 1700
stomach, colon, liver, billiary tract calories for males and 1300 calories
undernutrition from reduced intake
of protein, calories and
micronutriensts, and have fatigue
and a negative nitrogen balance as a
result of loss of muscle mass from
cachexia
milder form is about 1 in 200-500
people in the general population
severe protein C deficiency is about
1 in 500,000-750,000 people in the
general population
Mild protein S deficiency is
estimated to occur in approximately
1 in 500 individuals. Severe protein
S deficiency is rare; however, its
exact prevalence is unknown.
Protein S deficiency is a rare
inherited thrombophilia often
associated with fetal losses in
pregnancy. It is seen in
DIETARY CHANGES
Foods rich in protein, such as
skimmed milk, fish, eggs, and nuts
are ideal for energy and growth,
though any protein and calorie-rich
food
for females to support the basal
metabolic rate
eating more protein and more
calories overall
exogenous protein C should be
administered, either in the form of
fresh frozen plasma or, preferably, as
purified protein C concentrate
(Ceprotin)
eat eggs, almond, chicken breast,
cottage cheese, greek yogurt, milk,
lentils, and lean beef
Replace cereal with eggs, eat cheese,
eat protein first, eat almonds, greek
yogurt, whole grain,

B. Fat-related Disease
Gallbladder disease
Type 2 diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Gout
Osteoarthritis
C. Vitamin-related Disease
Rickets (Vit. D Deficiency)
jaundice, dark urine, lighter stools
or both, rapid heartbeat and abrupt
blood pressure drop and fever,
chills, nausea, and vomiting, with
severe pain in the upper right
abdomen
increased thirst, frequent urination,
increased hunger, unintended
weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision
slow-healing sores, frequent
infections, numbness or tingling in
the hands or feet, areas of darkened
skin, usually in the armpits and
neck
chest pain or discomfort (angina),
shortness of breath, weakness,
light-headedness, nausea (feeling
sick to your stomach), or a cold
sweat and pain or discomfort in the
arms or shoulder
sudden, severe attacks of pain,
swelling, redness and tenderness in
one or more joints, most often in
the big toe
pain and stiffness in joints, joints
appearing slightly larger or more
"knobbly" than usual, a grating or
crackling sound or sensation in
your joints, weakness, and muscle
wasting (loss of muscle bulk)
bones become soft and bent
gallstones, tumor, bile duct
blockage, infection and severe
illness
overweight, obesity, and physical
inactivity, insulin resistance, genes,
and family history, genetic
mutations, and hormonal diseases
smoking, obesity, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, high
lipoprotein,
lack of regular exercise, diabetes,
and thrombosis
sugary drinks and sweets, high
fructose corn syrup, alcohol, organ
meats, certain seafood, including
herring, scallops, mussels, codfish,
tuna, trout and haddock, red meats,
including beef, lamb pork and bacon
Heredity, obesity, injuries contribute
to the development of osteoarthritis,
joint overuse, bone deformities,
nutrition problems or genetics are
usually the cause
approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 3,000
people
In developed countries, more than
85% of gallstones are cholesterol
stones. About 20 million people in
US alone (15% of the population)
1 in 10 people
Approximately 537 million adults
(20-79 years) are living with
diabetes
About 20.1 million adults aged 20
and older have CAD (about 7.2%)
8.3 million adults — 6.1 million men Eat more fruits, vegetables and
and 2.2 million women)
Among adults 60 years of age or
older the prevalence of symptomatic
knee OA is approximately 10% in
men and 13% in women
4.3 per 100 000 (0–0.9 years) per
year
more prevalent in males with (70%)
Eat fewer refined carbohydrates and
less sugar. Eat healthy fats, like fish
oil and olive oil, to help your
gallbladder contract and empty on a
regular basis. Avoid unhealthy fats,
like those often found in desserts and
fried foods
Choose foods lower in fat and
calories and higher in fiber. Focus on
fruits, vegetables and whole grains
A low-fat, high-fibre diet is
recommended, which should include
plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables
(5 portions a day) and whole grains
whole grains, which provide
complex carbohydrates. Avoid foods
and beverages with high-fructose
corn syrup, and limit consumption of
naturally sweet fruit juices. Water.
Stay well-hydrated by drinking
water
Green tea, Salmon, tuna, sardines
and mackerel, Berries, apples and
pomegranates, Vegetables, Canola
and olive oils, Ginger and turmeric,
Nuts and Whole grains
make sure the child eats foods that
contain vitamin D naturally like fatty
fish such as salmon and tuna, fish oil

Beri-beri (Vit. B1 Deficiency)
Anemia (vit. B12 Deficiency)
Xerophthalmia (Vit. A
Deficiency)
Scurvy (Vit. C Deficiency)
D. Vitamin-and-Mineral-
related Disease
Diabetes (Magnesium
Deficiency)
weak muscles and very little energy alcohol misuse, genetic beriberi,
to work
pale yellow tinge to your skin,
mouth ulcers, changes in the way
that you walk and move around,
disturbed vision, and irritability diseases, including type 1 diabetes,
poor vision, loss of vision I the
darkness night), sometimes
complete loss of vision
bleeding gums, wounds take longer a poor diet lacking in fresh fruits and
time to heal
urinate (pee) a lot, often at night,
are very thirsty, lose weight
without trying, are very hungry,
hyperthyroidism, extreme nausea
and vomiting in pregnancy, bariatric
surgery, AIDS, prolonged diarrhea
or use of diuretics, undergoing
kidney dialysis malnutrition, and
diabetes
family history of the disease, having
part or all of your stomach or
intestine removed, autoimmune
Crohn's disease, HIV, some
medicines, strict vegetarian diets,
and being an older adult
poverty. people who can't afford
proper meals are more likely to
develop diseases,
ack of nutrition education,
malnutrition, severe malnutrition,
other diseases like pancreatitis or
inflammatory bowel disease,
liver problems, chronic diarrhea,
and alcoholism.
vegetables, possibly due to low
income or famine, illnesses such as
anorexia and other mental health
issues, restrictive diets, due to
allergies, difficulty orally ingesting
foods, or other reasons
older age, excessive consumption of
alcohol or use of illegal drugs, and
unsuccessful weaning of infants can
also lead to scurvy.
a poor diet (especially in elderly
people or those who don’t have
enough to eat), type 2 diabetes
than in females (30%)
Most of the cases around 85%
belonged to the age group of 0-5
years
particularly high prevalence of
thiamine deficiency (38%) was
found in infants aged 6-12 months
(38%)
Approximately 1.5% to 15% of
general population
Worldwide, over 124 million
children are estimated
10 to 14% in adults
8.2% of men and 6% of women
At present, the prevalence of Mg
deficiency in the general population
is unclear because of the uncertainty
and egg yolks or that have been
fortified with vitamin D, such as:
Infant formula
eat a nutrient-dense, balanced diet
that includes foods rich in thiamine.
These include: beans and legumes.
seeds.
eating an overall healthy diet rich in
dark, leafy greens, nuts and seeds,
seafood, meat, beans, and vitamin C-
rich fruits and vegetables can help
dark leafy greens, orange-colored
vegetables, fish liver oils, liver, egg
yolks, butter, and vitamin A-fortified
dairy products. A variety of other
foods contain beta-carotene and
other provitamin carotenoids, which
get converted into vitamin A
Eat foods high in vitamin C include
citrus fruits, especially grapefruits
and lemons; berries and cantaloupe;
and vegetables, including broccoli,
spinach, green peppers, tomatoes,
potatoes, cauliflower, and cabbage
Nuts and seeds. Almonds (roasted)
Legumes, Black beans
Fiber-rich whole grains, Low-fat

Cushing's syndrome
(Potassium Deficiency)
Anemia (Iron Deficiency)
Dermatitis (Zinc Deficiency)
Anemia (Iron Deficiency)
have blurry vision, have numb or digestive problems such as Crohn’s regarding Mg intakes needed for dairy products, Greens, Chocolate
tingling hands or feet, feel very disease, long-term vomiting, or optimal health and the lack of an And Water
tired, have very dry skin. diarrhea, kidney problems, long-term ideal biomarker of Mg status
use of diuretics, some medicines (for
example, fluid tablets and medicines
for ulcers or reflux) can cause low
magnesium levels if taken for long
periods, and alcoholism
weight gain and fatty tissue too much cortisol, use of An estimated 10-15 per million Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits,
deposits, particularly around the glucocorticoid medications, pituitary people are affected every year which are naturally high in
midsection and upper back, in the tumors, adrenal cortical tumors, potassium and low in sodium, but eat
face (moon face), and between the lung, pancreas, thyroid and thymus less bread, cheese, processed meat,
shoulders (buffalo hump), pink or tumors and other processed foods that are
purple stretch marks (striae) on the high in sodium and low in potassium
skin of the abdomen, thighs, breasts
and arms, thinning, fragile skin that
bruises easily, slow healing of cuts,
insect bites and infections, and acne
Fatigue, weakness, pale or blood loss, lack of iron in your diet,
global anemia prevalence was 29.9% Diets high in red meat, dark leafy
yellowish skin, irregular heartbeats, inability to absorb iron, and (95% uncertainty interval (UI) vegetables, dried fruits and nuts,
shortness of breath, dizziness, or pregnancy 27.0%, 32.8%) in women of iron-fortified cereals, or bread can
lightheadedness, chest pain, and reproductive age, equivalent to over help treat or prevent iron deficiency.
cold hands and feet. half a billion women aged 15-49 Foods high in iron include: meat,
years. Prevalence was 29.6% (95% such as lamb, pork, chicken, and
UI 26.6%, 32.5%) in non-pregnant beef. beans, including soybeans
women of reproductive age, and
36.5% (95% UI 34.0%, 39.1%) in
pregnant women.
itchiness (pruritus), dry skin, children on restricted diets and An estimated 17.3% of the world's eat foods that are high in zinc. These
rash on swollen skin that varies in babies who are exclusively breastfed population is at risk of inadequate include oysters, meat and fish.
color depending on your skin color, longer than 6 months may also zinc intake Smaller amounts of zinc can be
blisters, perhaps with oozing and experience zinc deficiency, people found in cereals, legumes, dairy
crusting, flaking skin (dandruff), who have problems absorbing foods and seeds
thickened skin, bumps in hair nutrients, older people and those
follicles who have some gut diseases, some
medicines can also increase the loss
of zinc through urine, sometimes
newborn babies experience zinc
deficiency if they are premature or
very sick, or if their mothers had a
mild zinc deficiency, some people
are born with zinc deficiency.
Fatigue, weakness, pale or blood loss, lack of iron in your diet, global anemia prevalence was 29.9% Diets high in red meat, dark leafy
yellowish skin, irregular heartbeats, inability to absorb iron, and (95% uncertainty interval (UI)
shortness of breath, dizziness, or pregnancy 27.0%, 32.8%) in women of
lightheadedness, chest pain, and reproductive age, equivalent to over
cold hands and feet. half a billion women aged 15-49
years. Prevalence was 29.6% (95%
UI 26.6%, 32.5%) in non-pregnant
women of reproductive age, and
36.5% (95% UI 34.0%, 39.1%) in
pregnant women.
vegetables, dried fruits and nuts,
iron-fortified cereals, or bread can
help treat or prevent iron deficiency.
Foods high in iron include: meat,
such as lamb, pork, chicken, and
beef. beans, including soybeans