CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY: WORKBOOK 2.2 Core study 2: Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences) Exercise 5 Main assumptions SAMOS testosterone: a hormone released mainly by the testes, so is considered to be a ‘male’ hormone. It is an example of an androgen oestrogen: a hormone released mainly by the ovaries, so is considered tobe a female’ hormone socialisation: the process of learning to behave in socially acceptable ways, This may differ somewhat for the two genders and in different cultures gender stereotype: a bias exhibited in society, which may be held by people and represented, for example, in books or toys that assign particular traits, behaviours, emotions, occupations, etc., to males and females help you to link the main assumptions of the biological approach Ls study. Hassett etal. investigated potentially biologically driven differences between young, males and females. 1 Outline the main hormonal differences between young males and females, 2 These hormonal differences could affect brain development, both before and after birth a Describe one piece of evidence that suggests there are brain differences between males and females. b Ashormonal differences between the sexes begin to appear before birth, hat-must be controlling the development of these differences, and why? 3 Suggest one way that play might be the product of evolution, that is, h ave been important in helping early humans to survive, play: behaviour typical of childhood that appears to be done for fun rather than any useful purpose. It may be solitary or social and may or may not involve interaction with an object. ‘Objects designed for the purpose of play are called ‘toys (& scanned with OKEN ScannerExercise 6 Procedure ® t0 produce a clear definition or description of a variable so ely manipulated, measured or quantified, and the study his includes the independent variable and dependent ments and the co-variables in correlations be of events per fixed period of time, e.g. the number of eye Per minute (approximately 60/minute in REM sleep) or the number of es (gycles) per second, or Hertz (Ha), e.g, 13-30 He for beta waves This exercise will enable you to check your understanding of the procedure of Hassett etal’s study, 1. Pick out the pairs of facts using the information in the box to answer the questions about the procedure of Hassett et al's study boys’ toys frequency coders working together gitls' toys plush drag hold right wheeled duration 2 Themonkeys’ play with the toys was measured using b The toys the monkeys played with were either and ii i or ii ¢ The toys the children played with were classified as i or ii d_ The monkeys’ behaviours with the toys included i - soon ad ii Reliability was improved by using = and ie f Tay position was counterbalanced by placing them alternately on the or operational definitions aS (& scanned with OKEN Scanner> CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY: WORKBOOK Exercise 7 Evaluation ‘This exercise will help you consider the strengths and weaknesses of different elements of the study, 1 Copy and complete the table, giving one strength or one weakness in relation to each point. pre teitey) DS emer NA Mao ee ae enews Analysing the rank of female monkeys Operational definitions used [Ethical considerations of the study For one of the rows in the table in question 1, present an opposite viewport (for example, if you have described an ethical weakness, describe an ethical strength as well). © scanned with OKEN Scanner