This lab report investigates the precise quantification of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and

sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) in a mixture using a double-indicator titration method. By

simultaneously monitoring the acid-base reactions of the two compounds, this experiment aims
to provide valuable insights into their interplay and potential industrial applications.

Literature Review: Double indicator titration is a method used in analytical chemistry to

determine the concentration of an unknown solution. In this method, two indicators are used to
detect the end point of the titration. Phenolphthalein is used as the primary indicator, which
changes color from pink to colorless at a pH of about 8.2 to 10.0. Methyl orange is used as the
secondary indicator, which changes color from yellow to orange at a pH of about 3.1 to 4.4. The
combination of these indicators allows for the determination of the composition of the mixture.

**Materials and Apparatus:**

- Mixture containing sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

- Distilled water

- 250 mL beaker

- Analytical balance

- Phenolphthalein indicator

- Methyl orange indicator

- Standardized sulfuric acid (approximately