Minn Thant Chapter

Saya Minn Thant (Bachelor of Education) GRADE 10 CHEMISTRY The Power of Wisdom Education Centre
Chapter (8)
SOME IMPORTANT METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
Activity Series
Top to bottom ► reactivity decreases
ease of extraction increases
K
Na Very reactive.
Ca Never found as free element.
Mg Extracted by electrolysis.
reactivity Al
decreases
extraction
Zn Moderately reactive. Found as oxides,
becomes Fe carbonates or sulphides.
easier Pb Extracted by reduction reaction.
Cu
Hg Not very reactive.
Ag Maybe found in nature as the free element.
Au
Reactive metals (ဓာတ္ျပဳလြယ္ေသာသတၱဳမ်ား)

1. Reactive metals ေတြကို သဘာဝမွာ freeေတြ႔ရသလား။
Reactive metals are not found free in nature.
2. Reactive metalsေတြကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရပါသလဲ။
Reactive metals are found as compounds in nature.
3. Reactive metal ေတြကို ဘယ္လe
ို xtractလုပ္ပါသလဲ။
Reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis.
4. Alkali metalsေတြက ဘာေတြလဲ။
Li, Na , K (lithium, sodium, potassium)
5. Alkali metals ေတြဟာ Groupဘယ္ေလာက္ရဲ႕ membersေတြလဲ။
Alkali metals are members of Group IA.
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6. Alkali metalsေတြဟာ ဘာblock elementsေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကပါသလဲ။

Alkali metals are s-block elements.
7. Alkali metalsေတြေရနဲ႔ထိရင္ဘာျဖစ္မလဲ.
Alkali metals are easily inflammable when touch to water.
8. ဘယ္ alkali metalဟာ ေရနဲ႔ျပင္းထန္စြာ ဓာတ္မျပဳတာလဲ။
Lithium
9. Alkali metals ေတြေလနဲ႔ထိရင္ဘာျဖစ္သြားသလဲ။
Alkali metals tarnish rapidly in air and form a layer of oxide.
10. Li, Na, K တိ႔က
ု ို ဘယ္မွာ storeလုပ္ထားရပါသလဲ။
Li, Na and K are so reactive that they are stored under kerosene.
11. Alkali metalsေတြဟာ reducing agentလား။ oxidizing agentလား။
Alkali metals are very good reducing agents.
Others in the Series
1. Zn, Fe, Pbတိ႔က
ု ို ဘယ္လိုနည္းနဲ႔ extract လုပ္ပါသလဲ။
Zn, Fe and Pb are extracted by reduction reaction.
2. Activity seriesရဲ႕ ေအာက္ဆံုးပိုင္းမွာရွိတဲ့ metalsေတြကို သဘာဝမွာ
freeေတြ႔ရသလား။
The metals at the lowest place of activity series may be found free
in nature.
3. Activity seriesရဲ႕ အထက္ပိုင္းမွာရွိတဲ့ metalsေတြနဲ႔ ေအာက္ပိုင္းမွာရွိတဲ့
metalsေတြမွာ ဘယ္ဟာက ပိုၿပီး extractလုပ္ရတာလြယ္ပါသလဲ။
As the reactivity decreases, extraction become easier.
Sodium and its compounds

1. Sodium နဲ႔ potassiumကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Sodium and potassium occur chiefly as chloride: sodium chloride
(commonsalt) and potassium chloride (carnallite).
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2. သူတ႔ရ
ို ဲ႕ တျခား sourcesေတြက ဘာေတြလဲ။
Other sources of sodium and potassium are soda feldspar,
Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2, sodium carnonate, Chlile saltpetre (sodium nitrate),
potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate.
3. Sodiumကို ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ extractလုပ္သလဲ။
Sodium is extracted by the electrolysis of fused sodium chloride.
4. Sodium ဟာ မာသလား။ ေပ်ာ့သလား။
Sodium is a soft metal and may be cut easily with a knife.
5. Sodiumဟာ ဘယ္လိုအေရာင္ရွိသလဲ။
Sodium has a silvery lustre but it rapidly tarnishes in moist air.
6. Sodiumဟာ အပူန႔လ
ဲ ွ်ပ္စစ္စီးကူးႏိုင္ပါသလား။
Sodium is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
7. Sodium ေလမွာ ေလာင္ကၽြမ္းရင္ ဘာရသလဲ။
Sodium burns in oxygen to give sodium peroxide (Na2O2).
8. Sodium ဟာ mercury မွာ ေပ်ာ္ဝင္ေနရင္ ဘာျဖစ္သြားသလဲ။
Sodium dissolves in mercury to form sodium amalgam.
9. Sodiumကို ဘာအေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Sodium is used in large quantities of the manufacture of sodium
peroxide (Na2O2), sodium cyanide (NaCN) and sodamide (NaNH2). It
is also used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead, an anti-knock
additive used in petrol.
10. Sodium chlorideကို ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ သဘာဝအတိုင္းေတြ႕ရပါသလဲ။
Sodium chloride occurs in nature as rock salt and in sea water.
11. Sodium chlorideကို ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Sodium chloride is used for the seasoning of foods.
12. အသက္ရွဴကိရိယာမွာ ဘယ္ျဒပ္ေပါင္းသံုးကို သံုးသလဲ။
Sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is used in portable breathing
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13. Sodium hydroxideကုိ ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ စီးပြားျဖစ္အေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္သလဲ။

Sodium hydroxide is produced commercially by the electrolysis of
saturated sodium chloride solution (brine).
14. Sodium hydroxideဟာ ဘယ္လိုပံုစံရွိသလဲ။
Sodium hydroxide is a white deliquescent solid (pellet).
15. Sodium hydroxideကို ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ အမ်ားဆံုးသံုးသလဲ။
Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap, in paper
making and dyeing industries. It is also used in refining of petroleum
and in the rubber industry.
16. Sodium hydroxideေပ်ာ္ရည္ပူနဲ႔ zincနဲ႔ ဓာတ္ျပဳရင္ ဘာရသလဲ။
The hot aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc to
form sodium zincate.
17. Sodium carbonateကို ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ အေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္သ လဲ။
Sodium carbonate is manufactured by Solvay Process.
18. Sodium carbonateကို ဘယ္မွာ အေျမာက္အမ်ားသံုးသလဲ။
Sodium carbonate is used in large quantities for the softening of
hard water. It is also used in the manufacture of glass and water
glass.
19. Sodium carbonateကို ဘာလိ႔ေ
ု ခၚေသးသလဲ။
Sodium carbonate is known as soda ash.
20. Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O)ကို ဘာအျဖစ္ေရာင္း
သလဲ။
Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O) is sold as washing
soda.
21. Sodium hydrogen carbonateကို ေစ်းကြက္မွာ ဘာအျဖစ္ေရာင္းသလဲ။
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is sold as baking soda.
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22. Sodium hydrogen carbonateကို ဘာကိုကုသတဲ့ေနရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for the correction of stomach
acidity.
23. Sodium nitrateကို ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Sodium nitrate is used as a fertilizer.
24. Glauber’s salt (Na2SO4.10H2O)ကို ေဆးဝါးမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Glauber’s salt is used as a purgative in medicine.
25. Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)ကို ဘာလိ႔ေ
ု ခၚေသးလဲ။
Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) is also known as photographic hypo.
26. Sodium hydrogen sulphate (NaHSO4)မွာ ဘာေၾကာင့္ အက္စစ္ဂုဏ္သတၱိ
ရွိေနတာလဲ။
Sodium hydrogen sulphate (NaHSO4) has acidic property since it
contains a replaceable hydrogen atom.
Magnesium and its compounds

1. Magnesiumနဲ႔ calciumဟာ ဘာmetalsေတြလဲ။
Magnesium and calcium are alkaline earth metals.
2. Magnesiumကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Magnesium is found in nature as oxide, carbonate and silicate. It is
also found as the chloride or sulphate as a constituent of sea water.
3. Magnesiumဟာ ဘယ္လိုသတၱဳမ်ိဳးလဲ။
Magnesium is a silvery white metal with a very low density.
4. Caustic alkalisေတြဟာ magnesiumနဲ႔ ဘယ္လိုဓာတ္ျပဳသလဲ။
Caustic alkalis have no reaction on magnesium.
5. Magnesium ribbonနဲ႔ wireကို ဘယ္မွာသံုးသလဲ။
Magnesium ribbon and wire are used largely by the radio industry for
de-gassing radio valves.
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6. Magnesium alloysေတြကို ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ သံုးသလဲ။

Magnesium alloys are used for engineering construction.
7. Basic carbonate of magnesiumကို သြားတိုက္ေဆးမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Basic carbonate of magnesium is used as fillers in tooth paste.
8. Magnesium oxideဟာ ဘယ္လိုမ်ိဳးလဲ။
Magnesium oxide is a white powder and is only slightly soluble in
water.
9. Magnesium oxideကို ဘယ္မွာသံုးသလဲ။
Magnesium oxide is used as fire resistance material.
10. Epsom saltရဲ႕ formulaက ဘာလဲ။
Formula of Epsom salt is MgSO4.7H2O.
11. Magnesium carbonateကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Magnesium carbonate occurs as magnesite (MgCO3) and as dolomite
(MgCO3.CaCO3).
12. Magnesium sulphateကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Magnesium sulphate occurs in nature as kieserite (MgSo4.H2O).
13. Epsom salt(MgSO4.7H2O)ကို ေဆးဝါးမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Epsom salt(MgSO4.7H2O) is used as purgative in medicine.
Calcium and its compounds
1. Calcium ကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုအမ်ားဆံုးေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Calcium is found in limestone, CaCO3 (also known as chalk).
2. Calcium ဟာ ဘယ္လိုသတၱဳမ်ိဳးလဲ။
Pure calcium is a soft grey metal.
3. Calcium ကို ဘာျဒပ္ေပါင္း အေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Calcium is used in the manufacture of calcium hydride (CaH2).
4. Calcium ကို ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္းမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Calcium is used as a drying agent in the laboratory.
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5. Calcium ကို ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ ရရွိပါသလဲ။

Calcium is obtained by the electrolysis of the fused anhydrous
chloride.
6. Calcium ကို extract လုပ္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ ဘာelectrodeေတြကို သံုးသလဲ။
A steel cathode and a graphite anode are used in the extraction of
calcium.
7. Calcium cyanamide နဲ႔ carbon ျဒပ္ေႏွာကို ဘာလိ႔ေ
ု ခၚသလဲ။
A mixture of calcium cyanamide and carbon is known as nitrolime.
8. Nitrolime နဲ႔ ေရနဲ႔ ဓာတ္ျပဳရင္ ဘာဓာတ္ေငြ႔ထြက္သလဲ။
Nitrolime liberates ammonia on reaction with water.
9. Calcium hydroxide ရဲ႕solubilityဟာ အပူခ်ိန္ျမင့္တက္လာရင္ ဘာျဖစ္သလဲ။
The solubility of calcium hydroxide decreases on increasing the
temperature.
10. ေရပါတဲ့ calcium hydroxide ေပ်ာ္ရည္ကို ဘာေခၚသလဲ။
Aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is known as lime water.
11. Aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide ကို ဘာေခၚသလဲ။
Aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide is called milk of lime.
12. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)ကို ဘာျဒပ္ေပါင္း အေျမာက္အမ်ား
ထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Slaked lime is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder.
13. Calcium carbonate ကို ဘာျဒပ္ေပါင္း အေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာ
သံုးသလဲ။
Calcium carbonate is used in the manufacture of tooth paste.
14. CaCO3 ကို ဘာလိ႔ေ
ု ခၚၾကသလဲ။
The limestone, CaCO3, is also known as marble as well as chalk.
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15. ေရမပါတဲ့ calcium chloride ကို ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္းမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။

Anhydrous calcium chloride is used as a drying agent in the
laboratory.
16. CaSO4.2H2O ကို ဘာလိ႔ေ
ု ခၚသလဲ။
CaSO4.2H2O is known as gypsum.
17. Gypsum ကို ဘာအေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Gypsum is used to manufacture of plaster of paris (POP).
18. POP (plaster of paris) ရဲ႕ formula က ဘာလဲ။
The formula of POP is 2CaSO4.H2O.
19. ဓာတ္ေျမၾသဇာျဖစ္တဲ့ superphosphate ကို ဘယ္လို ထုတ္လုပ္သလဲ။
Superphosphate is made by treating phosphate with concentrated
sulphuric acid.
20. Superphosphate ဟာ ဘယ္လို mixtureလဲ။
Superphosphate is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and
calcium sulphate. [Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4]
Aluminium and its compounds

1. Aluminium ကို ဘဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြရသလဲ။
Aluminium occurs in nature as the silicate in rocks and clays.
2. Aluminium ရဲ႕ main source က ဘာလဲ။
The main source of aluminium is bauxite.
3. Aluminium ကို ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ extract လုပ္သလဲ။
Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of fused oxide.
4. Aluminium ကို extract လုပ္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ ဘာelectrodeေတြကို သံုးသလဲ။
Graphite electrodes are used in the extraction of aluminium.
5. Aluminium ဟာ ဘယ္လို agent မ်ိဳးလဲ။
Aluminium is a strong reducing agent.
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6. Aluminium ဟာ ဘာအေရာင္႐ွိသလဲ။
Aluminium is a silvery-white metal.
7. Aluminiumရဲ႕ ductility နဲ႔ malleability ဟာနိမ့္သလား၊ ျမင့္သလား။
Aluminium has high ductility and malleability.
8. Aluminiumရဲ႕ electrical နဲ႔ thermal conductivity ေတြကေရာ ျမင့္သလား။
Aluminium has high electrical and malleability.
9. Aluminium ကို ဘယ္လိုေနရာေတြမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Aluminium is used in food, dairy and pharmaceutical industries, in
building and architectural purposes.
10.Aluminium foil ေတြကုိ ဘာလုပ္ဖ႔သ
ို ံုးသလဲ။
Aluminium foils are used for packaging of foodstuffs, sweets,
cigarrates, etc.
11.Aluminium based light alloyေတြဟာ ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ အေရးပါ သလဲ။
Aluminium based light alloys are important in all branches of
engineering construction.
12. Aluminium ဟာ acid, alkali ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးစလံုးနဲ႔ ဓာတ္ျပဳႏိုင္သလား။
Aluminium can react with alkalis as well as acids.
13. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) ကို ဘယ္လိုေခၚေသးလဲ။
Aluminium oxide is also called alumina.
14. Alumina ကို သဘာဝမွာ ဘယ္လိုေတြ႔ရသလဲ။
Alumina occurs in the nature in the forms of gems such as ruby and
sapphire.
15. Alumina ကို ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Alumina is used (i) as the source of aluminium, (ii) as an adsorbent in
chromatography and (iii) as a refractory lining in furnaces.
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16. Aluminium hydroxideကို ေဆးဆိုးပန္းရိုက္လုပ္ငန္း (dyeing industries)

ေတြမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Aluminium hydroxide is used as a mordent or dye-fixing agent in the
dyeing industry.
17. Aluminium hydroxide ဟာ ဘယ္လိုhydroxideမိ်ဳးလဲ။
Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric hydroxide.
18. ေရမပါတဲ့ aluminum chloride ဟာ ဘယ္လိုမ်ိဳးလဲ။
Anhydrous aluminium chloride is a white crystalline substance and
extremely deliquescent.
19. Anhydrous aluminium chloride ကို ဘယ္မွာသံုးသလဲ။
Anhydrous aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst in many organic
chemical reactions, and in the petroleum industries.
20. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O ကို ဘယ္လိုေခၚသလဲ။
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O is called common alum.
21. Common alumကို ဘာအတြက္ သံုးသလဲ။
Common alum is used for purification of water.
Lead and its compounds

1. Lead ရဲ႕ main sourceက ဘာလဲ။
The main source of lead is the lead (II) sulphide (PbS) which occurs
in nature as galena.
2. Lead ore ထုတ္လုပ္မႈမွာ ျမန္မာျပည္ဟာ ဘယ္အဆင့္မွာ ရွိပါသလဲ။
Myanmar is one of the world’s largest producers of lead ore.
3. Lead ဟာ ဘာအေရာင္႐ွိသလဲ။
Lead is a bluish-grey metal.
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4. Lead ဟာ မာသလား၊ ေပ်ာ့သလား။

Lead is the softest metals in common use, and can be pressed into
any form.
5. Lead ဟာ poor conductor လား၊ good conductor လား။
Lead is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
6. Lead ဟာ ေရနဲ႔ ဓာတ္ျပဳပါသလား။
Lead does not react with water or steam.
7. ေရဒီယိုသတၱိၾကြတဲ့အရာေတြနဲ႔ X-raysေတြကို ကာကြယ္ဖို႔ ဘာကိုသံုးသလဲ
Lead is used as a shield against radioactive material and X-rays.
8. Lead ကို ဘယ္မွာသံုးေသးလဲ။
Lead is also used in car batteries and accumulators.
9. ဘယ္လို alloyေတြမွာ lead ပါဝင္ပါသလဲ။
Lead is an important constituent in many important alloys such as
solders (lead and tin) and type metal (lead, antimony and tin) used
in printing.
10. Red lead ရဲ႕ formula က ဘာလဲ။
The formula of red lead is Pb3O4.
11. Red lead ကို ဘယ္ေနရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။
Red lead is used in surface coating such as paints for preventing
corrosion.
12. Basic lead carbonate ကို ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။
Basic lead carbonate is used as a white pigment.
13. PbO နဲ႔ Pb2O3 တိ႔ဟ
ု ာ ဘာအမ်ိဳးအစား oxideေတြလဲ။
PbO and Pb2O3 are amphoteric oxide.
11
Formulae, chemical names and commercial names

of some compounds
No. Formulae Commercial names or Chemical name

1 NaCl Common salt
2 NaOH Caustic soda
3 NaNO3 Chile saltpetre
4 Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2 Soda feldspar
5 NaHCO3 Baking soda
6 Na2CO3 Soda ash
7 Na2CO3.10H2O Washing soda (powder)
8 Na2SO4.10H2O Glauber’s salt
9 Na2S2O3.5H2O Photographic hypo
10 Na2S2O3 Sodium thiosulphate
11 Na2S2O7 Sodium pyrosulphate
12 Na2PbO2 Sodium plumbite
13 NaNH2 Sodamide
14 NaCN Sodium cyanide
15 NaHgx Sodium amalgam
16 Na2Zn(OH)4 Sodium zincate
17 NaH2PO2 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
18 KCl Carnallite
19 KOH Caustic potash
20 MgO Magnesia
21 MgCO3 Magnesite
22 MgCO3.CaCO3 Dolomite
23 MgCO3.H2O Kieserite
24 CaO Lime/quicklime
25 Ca(OH)2 Slaked lime
26 CaCO3 Lime stone/marble/chalk
27 CaSO4.2H2O Gypsum
28 2CaSO4.H2O POP (Plaster of Paris)
29 CaCN2 Calcium cyanamide
30 CaCN2+C Nitrolime
31 CaOCl2.H2O Bleaching powder
32 CaSiO3 Slag
33 Ca(H2PO4)2.CaSO4 Superphosphate
12
No. Formulae Commercial names or Chemical name

34 Al2O3 Alumina/bauxite
35 Na3AlF6 Cryolite/fluorspar
36 NaAl(OH)4 Sodium aluminate
37 K2SO4.Al2(SO)4.24H2O Common alum/potash alum
38 PbS Galena
39 PbO Litharte
40 Pb3O4 Red lead
41 Pb(OH)2.2PbCO3 Basic lead carbonate
42 PbCrO4.Pb(OH)2 Basic lead chromate
Equations
Sodium reacts with (a) oxygen (b) hydrogen (c) water

(d) chlorine (e) ammonia.
(a) 4Na + O2 (limit) ⎯⎯⎯ 2Na2O

2Na + O2 (excess) ⎯⎯⎯ Na2O2
(b) 2Na + H2 ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaH
sodium hydride
(c) 2Na + 2H2O (cold) ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaOH + H2
(d) 2Na + Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaCl
(e) 2Na + 2NH3 ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaNH2 + H2
sodamide
Sodium hydroxide reacts with

(a) carbon dioxide (b) chlorine (c) aluminium
(a) NaOH + CO2 (limit) ⎯⎯⎯ Na2CO3 + H2O

NaOH + CO2 (excess) ⎯⎯⎯ NaHCO3
(b) NaOH (cold) + Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ NaCl + NaOCl + H2O
sodium
hypochlorite
6NaOH + 3Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
sodium
chlorate
13
(c) 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaAl(OH)2 + 3H2

sodium
aluminate
(a) The behaviour of sodium hydrogen carbonate when heated
(b) The behaviour of sodium on mixing with mercury
(c) The action of heat on sodium nitrate
∆
(a) 2NaHCO3 ⎯⎯⎯ Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
(b) Na + xHg ⎯⎯⎯ NaHgx
∆
(c) 2NaNO3 ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaNO2 + O2
Starting from marble, the preparations of

(a) quicklime (b) slaked lime (c) nitrolime.
∆
(a) CaCO3 ⎯⎯⎯ CaO + CO2
marble quick lime
∆
(b) CaCO3 ⎯⎯⎯ CaO + CO2
marble quick lime
CaO + H2O ⎯⎯⎯ Ca(OH)2
slaked lime
∆
(c) CaCO3 ⎯⎯⎯ CaO + CO2
marble quick lime
CaO + C ⎯⎯⎯ CaC2 + CO
calcium carbide
CaC2 + N2 ⎯⎯⎯ CaCN2 + C
nitrolime
Calcium carbide(CaC2) reacts with water
CaC2 + 3H2O ⎯⎯⎯ C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

Calcium acetylene
Carbide
14
Nitrolime(CaCN2) reacts with water
CaCN2 + 3H2O ⎯⎯⎯ CaCO3 + 2NH3
Preparation of bleaching powder(CaOCl2.H2O)

from slaked lime(Ca(OH)2)
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ CaOCl2.H2O

bleaching powder
Preparation of gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O) from calcium chloride(CaCl2)
CaCl2 + H2SO4 + 2H2O ⎯⎯⎯ CaSO4.2H2O + 2HCl

gypsum
preparation of superphosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2.2CaSO4)
Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ Ca(H2PO4)2.2CaSO4

superphosphate
Starting from aluminium foil, the prepartions of
(a) aluminnium chloride (b) alumina (c) potash alum
(a) 2Al + 3Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ 2AlCl3

(b) 2Al + Fe2O3 ⎯⎯⎯ Al2O3 + 2Fe
(c) When a solution containing potassium sulphate and aluminium
sulphate in the proper proportion is evaporated colourless crystals of
the double sulphate of potassium and aluminium is obtained. This is
called potash alum, K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
The reason why lead (II) oxide (PbO) is amphoteric.
(i) Its acidic property (the ability to react with alkalis)

PbO + NaOH ⎯⎯⎯ Na2PbO2 + H2 O
sodium plumbite
15
(ii) Its basic property (the ability to react with acids)

PbO + 2HCl ⎯⎯⎯ PbCl2 + H2O
The reason why aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is amphoteric
(i) Its acidic property (the ability to react with alkalis)

Al(OH)3 + NaOH ⎯⎯⎯ NaAl(OH)4
sodium aluminate
(ii) Its basic property (the ability to react with acids)
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl ⎯⎯⎯ AlCl3 + 3H2O
Practice Questions
Section (A) Question No.2: 1 marks
2 marks
Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s), phrase(s), term(s), unit(s)., as
necessary.
1. The reactive metals are not found ____ in nature.
2. The reactive metals are found ____ in nature.
3. Many metals react with oxygen to form ____.
4. The elements above ____ in the electrochemical series can displace
hydrogen from acids.
5. The positions of alkali metals are ____ in the electrochemical series.
6. Reactive metals are usually manufactured by ____ .
7. Metals higher in the electrochemical series are extracted by ____.
8. The methods used to extract the metal from its ore depends on the
position of metals in the ____ series.
9. Alkali metals tarnish rapidly in ____ forming a layer of oxide.
10. The alkali metals ____ rapidly in air forming a layer of oxide.
11. Alkali metals are very good ____ agent.
12. Alkali metals are the members of Group ____ in the periodic table.
13. The Group IA elements have the one oxidation state of ____ only in
their compounds.
14. Li, Na and K are so reactive that they are stored under ____.
15. With the exception of ____, all alkali metals react vigorously with
16
water.
16. Alkali metals are easily inflammable when touch to _____.
17. Sodium is a ____ metal and may be cut easily with a knife.
18. Sodium burns in excess of air giving ____.
19. Sodium and potassium are extracted by ____.
20. Brine is a ____ solution.
21. Most of sodium chloride is naturally found in ____.
22. A small amount of ____ is added to lower the melting point of
sodium chloride.
23. Sodium is extracted by the electrolysis of fused ____.
24. Sodium has a ____ but rapidly tarnishes in moist air.
25. Sodium hydroxide is commercially produced from saturated
solution of ____ using electrolysis.
26. Sodium hydroxide is a white deliquescent ____.
27. Sodium hydroxide is one of the most industrial ____.
28. Hot aqueous solution of NaOH reacts with zinc forming ____.
29. Formula of sodium zincate is ____.
30. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is sold as ____.
31. Sodium carbonate can be manufactured by the ____ process.
32. Na2CO3 is used in large quantities for the ____ of hard water.
33. Sodium dissolves in mercury to form ____.
34. The pentahydrate sodium thiosulphate is also known as _____.
35. Glauber’s salt Na2SO4.10H2O is used as a ____ in medicine.
36. Sodium nitrate is used as ____.
37. Alkaline earth metals are the members of Group ____.
38. The alkaline earth metals are placed in ____of the periodic table.
39. Limestone, CaCO3 is also known as ____.
40. Calcium is used as a ____ in the laboratory.
41. Calcium is used in the manufacture of ____.
42. In the extraction of calcium, a steel cathode and a ____ anode are
used.
43. An aqueous ____of calcium hydroxide is known as milk of lime.
44. A mixture of calcium cyanamide and carbon is known as ____.
45. Gypsum is used for the manufacture of ____.
17
46. The formula of POP is ____.

47. The mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulphate
is sold as ____.
48. The basic carbonates of ____ are used as filler in the tooth paste.
49. ____ is a mixture of calcium cyanamide and carbon.
50. Anhydrous calcium chloride is used as a ____ agent in the
laboratory.
51. ____ occurs in nature in the form of ruby an sapphire.
52. Aluminium occurs in nature as the ____ in rocks and clays.
53. The main source of aluminium is the naturally occurring oxide
known as ____.
54. The formula of bauxite is ____.
55. Aluminium can react with ____.
56. Magnesium is a ____ metal.
57. Magnesium and calcium are ____ metals.
58. Magnesium alloys are used for ____ construction.
59. Magnesium is a silvery white metal with a very ____ density.
60. Epsom salt is used as a ____ in medicine.
61. Myanmar is one of the world’s largest producers of ____ ore.
62. ____ is used as a shield against radioactive materials and X-rays.
63. The formula of red lead is ____.
Practice Questions
Section (A) Question No.4: 1 marks
Match each of the items in List A with the appropriate item given in List
B.
List A List B
(i) extraction of sodium (a) naturally occurring mineral
(ii) bauxite (b) Leblance Process
(iii) chalk (c) Downs Process
(iv) white pigment (d) calcium carbonate
(v) an ore (e) potassium chloride
(vi) NaHSO4 (f) aluminium oxide
(vii) carnallite (g) PbCO3
18
List A List B
(i) slaked lime (a) Na2S2O3.5H2O
(ii) purgative (b) strong reducing agent
(iii) photographic hypo (c) NaAl(OH)4
(iv) aluminium (d) NaCl
(v) sodium aluminate (e) manufacture of baking powder
(vi) kieserite (f) MgSO4.7H2O
(vii) rock salt (g) MgSO4.H2O
List A List B
(i) sodium (a) s-block elements
(ii) electrolytic technique (b) lead (II) oxide
(iii) dolomite (c) used in the construction of concords
(iv) lithargen (d) give the metals of high purity
(v) alkali metals (e) soft metal and may be easily cut with
a knife
(vi) magnesium (f) sodium nitrate
(vii) chile saltpetre (g) MgCO3.CaCO3
List A List B
(i) aluminium (a) bluish grey metal
(ii) soda ash (b) silvery white metal
(iii) lead (c) NaOH
(iv) slaked lime (d) slag
(v) Glauber’s salt (e) calcium hydroxide
(vi) CaSiO3 (f) Na2CO3
(vii) caustic soda (g) Na2SO4.10H2O
List A List B
(i) baking soda (powder) (a) MgSO4.7H2O
(ii) sodium hydroxide (b) amphoteric oxide
(iii) Epsom salt (c) NaHCO3
(iv) alumina (d) silvery white metal
(v) sodium chloride (e) used in manufacture of soap
19
(vi) alkali metals (f) employed in the seasoning of foods

(vii) magnesium (g) group IA elements having oxidation
number of +1
List A List B
(i) basic lead carbonate (a) stored under kerosene
(ii) calcium (b) Na/Hg
(iii) alumina (c) used as adsorbent in chromatography
(iv) Li, Na, K (d) K2SO4.Al2(SO)4.24H2O
(v) sodium amalgam (e) used as a whit pigment
(vi) potash alum (f) Pb3O4 (red lead)
(vii) an ingredient of paint (g) alkaline earth metal
List A List B
(i) pewter (a) a drying agent used in laboratory
(ii) Na2PbO2 (b) a silvery white metal
(iii) calcium (c) Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2
(iv) magnesium (d) used for softening hard water
(v) soda feldspar (e) alkali metals/ grey metals/
reactive metals/ coolants for nuclear
reactors
(vi) Na2CO3 (f) sodium plumbite
(vii) sodium, potassium (g) alloy of lead, tin and antimony
Practice Questions
Section (B) Question No.6: 2 marks
1. How does sodium react with excess oxygen and what happens when
it is heated with ammonia?
2. How does sodium react with water and ammonia?
3. What happens when sodium is heated at 3000C to 4000C in gaseous
ammonia?
4. Write down the relevant equations in words and symbols for the
reaction of sodium oxide with water.
20
5. How does sodium hydroxide react with the followings. Give

equations in symbols only.
(i) carbon dioxide
(ii) aluminium
6. Write balanced equations in words and symbols for the preparation
of sodium zincate.
7. Write down the relevant equations in words and symbols for the
reaction of sodium hydroxide with zinc.
8. How does sodium hydroxide react with acidic oxide?
9. Write balanced equation in words and symbols for hot aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide with aluminium.
10.Write balanced equation in words and symbols for the preparation
of baking soda from sodium hydroxide.
11.What happens when sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide?
Give equations in words and symbols.
12.Write balanced equation in words and symbols for sulphur react with
sodium hydroxide.
13.Write down the chemical formulae for washing soda and baking
soda.
14.State the behaviour of sodium hydrogen carbonate when heated and
the action of heat on sodium nitrate with equation in symbols and
symbols only.
15.Complete the following equation in words and symbols.
Na2CO3 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯ ?
16.What happens when sodium peroxide react with cold water. Give
relevant equations in words and symbols.
17.Complete the following equation in words and symbols.
Na2S2O7 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ?
18.What happen when sodium chloride is heated with dilute sulphuric
acid by the Leblance Process. Give equations in words and symbols.
19.Write down chemical equation in words and symbols for the
preparation of sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
20.How does magnesium react with steel and concentrated nitric acid?
Give relevant equations in words and symbols.
21
21.What happens when magnesia (MgO) is heated with coke in a

current of chlorine. Give equation in words and symbols.
22.What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through a suspension
of magnesium carbonate in water?
23.What compound will be obtained when magnesium is heated in air?
24.Write balanced equations in words and symbols to indicate what
happens when calcium is heated in air.
25.Write down the equations in words and symbols in which chlorine
gas is passed over slaked lime at atmospheric pressure.
26.How does calcium hydroxide react with carbon dioxide and
chlorine? Give equation in symbols only.
27.Write down the relevant equation in words and symbols for the
preparation of slaked lime.
preparation of bleaching powder.
29.Write down the relevant equation in symbols only for the
preparation of nitrolime from marble.
30.How would you prepare Plaster of Paris from calcium chloride in
the laboratory?
preparation (production) of superphosphate, an important fertilizer.
32.What happens when nitrolime reacts with water. Give equation in
words and symbols.
33.What happens when silica is heated with calcium oxide. Give
equation in words and symbols.
34.Write the balanced equation in words and symbols for the reaction
of calcium carbide with nitrogen on heating.
35.How does calcium carbide reacts with water? Give equation in
words and symbols.
36.Write balanced equation in words and symbols for the preparation
of calcium silicate.
37.Write down the relevant equation in words and symbols when
calcium cyanide reacts with water.
22
38.Write down the relevant equations both in words and symbols for
the reaction of aluminium with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
39.Write down the reaction of aluminium with hot concentrated
sulphuric acid.
40.Writhe balanced equation in words and symbols for the preparation
of aluminium oxide (alumina).
41.Starting from aluminium hydroxide, how would you prepare
aluminium chloride and aluminium oxide?
42.How does aluminium reacts with iron (III) oxide. Give relevant
equation in words and symbols.
43.Lead (II) oxide is an amphoteric oxide. Explain with equations.
44.Write equation in words and symbols for the reaction of lead (II)
oxide with alkali.
45.What happens when red lead (Pb3O4) reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Give equations in words and symbols.
46.Write balanced chemical equation in words and symbols for the
preparation of lead (IV) oxide.
47.What happens when lead (II) oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide.
Give equation in words and symbols.
23

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Saya Minn Thant (Bachelor of Education) GRADE 10 CHEMISTRY The Power of Wisdom Education Centre

Reactive metals (ဓာတ္ျပဳလြယ္ေသာသတၱဳမ်ား)

6. Alkali metalsေတြဟာ ဘာblock elementsေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကပါသလဲ။

Sodium and its compounds

13. Sodium hydroxideကုိ ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ စီးပြားျဖစ္အေျမာက္အမ်ားထုတ္လုပ္သလဲ။

22. Sodium hydrogen carbonateကို ဘာကိုကုသတဲ့ေနရာမွာ သံုးသလဲ။

Magnesium and its compounds

6. Magnesium alloysေတြကို ဘယ္ေနရာေတြမွာ သံုးသလဲ။

5. Calcium ကို ဘာနည္းနဲ႔ ရရွိပါသလဲ။

15. ေရမပါတဲ့ calcium chloride ကို ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္းမွာ ဘာအျဖစ္သံုးသလဲ။

Aluminium and its compounds

16. Aluminium hydroxideကို ေဆးဆိုးပန္းရိုက္လုပ္ငန္း (dyeing industries)

Lead and its compounds

4. Lead ဟာ မာသလား၊ ေပ်ာ့သလား။

Formulae, chemical names and commercial names

No. Formulae Commercial names or Chemical name

No. Formulae Commercial names or Chemical name

Sodium reacts with (a) oxygen (b) hydrogen (c) water

(a) 4Na + O2 (limit) ⎯⎯⎯ 2Na2O

Sodium hydroxide reacts with

(a) NaOH + CO2 (limit) ⎯⎯⎯ Na2CO3 + H2O

(c) 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O ⎯⎯⎯ 2NaAl(OH)2 + 3H2

Starting from marble, the preparations of

Calcium carbide(CaC2) reacts with water

CaC2 + 3H2O ⎯⎯⎯ C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

Nitrolime(CaCN2) reacts with water

CaCN2 + 3H2O ⎯⎯⎯ CaCO3 + 2NH3

Preparation of bleaching powder(CaOCl2.H2O)

Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ CaOCl2.H2O

Preparation of gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O) from calcium chloride(CaCl2)

CaCl2 + H2SO4 + 2H2O ⎯⎯⎯ CaSO4.2H2O + 2HCl

preparation of superphosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2.2CaSO4)

Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ Ca(H2PO4)2.2CaSO4

(a) 2Al + 3Cl2 ⎯⎯⎯ 2AlCl3

The reason why lead (II) oxide (PbO) is amphoteric.

(i) Its acidic property (the ability to react with alkalis)

(ii) Its basic property (the ability to react with acids)

The reason why aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is amphoteric

(i) Its acidic property (the ability to react with alkalis)

46. The formula of POP is ____.

(vi) alkali metals (f) employed in the seasoning of foods

5. How does sodium hydroxide react with the followings. Give

21.What happens when magnesia (MgO) is heated with coke in a

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