M6 Unit 1

Introduction to the bioeconomy

M.Sc. Oumaima Aryoug and M.Sc. Alessio Campitelli

Photo by: Free Photos Source: https://pixabay.com/de/photos/windpark-energie-gr%C3%BCn-nachhaltige-1209335/

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At the end of this module you can…

… name the most important elements of the bio-

economy.
… explain the concept of the bio-economy, circular
economy in your own words.
…assign existing (national/regional) procedures or
concepts to the bio-economy based on the content
learned. Picture: meneya;
https://pixabay.com/de/illustrations/idee
-erleuchtung-gl%C3%BChbirne-licht-
4438932/
…analyze relevant industries, such as agriculture,
with regard to their bio-economic potential.

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 “Our house is on fire!” (Greta Thunberg)

Picture: ChristianIS; https://pixabay.com/it/illustrations/l-ora-della-terra-4444304/

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 Is she right?

Photo by: Pixabay; Source: https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/astronomie-erde-global-globus-355958/

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It seems like yes… Wildfires

Pictures: Pierre Markuse; https://www.flickr.com/photos/pierre_markuse/50184709323/; Bruce Detorres; https://www.flickr.com/photos/brucedetorres/49352689768;

Edward Vielmetti; https://www.flickr.com/photos/edward-vielmetti/3029336438/; Daria Devyatkina; https://www.flickr.com/photos/135395201@N02/22797348233/

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It seems like yes… Wildfires

https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/fire_wx/fwdy2.html

USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center

https://fsapps.nwcg.gov/afm/data/fireptdata/modisfire_2017_conus.htm

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Consequences of the fires

Burned forest

A malnourished wild horse in Bago State

Forest, about 280 miles southwest of Sydney

USFWS; https://pixnio.com/miscellaneous/fire-flames-
pictures/burned-areas-after-big-forest-fire#
Matthew Abbot; https://www.leica-oskar-barnack-award.com/bildstrecken-finalisten/2020/matthew-abbott.html

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Polluting emissions

Tropical Climate; https://cleanair.lk/science/

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Impact: Climate change due to rising of
temperatures

Geralt; https://pixabay.com/de/illustrations/ausweglosigkeit-
ausgang-ausfahrt-477452/

?
Greenpeace Canada; http://www.greenpeace.org/canada

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 What happens if…

https://images.firstpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/IPCC_Infographic.jpg

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What can be done to stay below 2°C?

CH4
https://sdgs.un.org/goals

Promote sustainable development

CO2
CO

Decrease GHG emissions

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The “future” role of biomass in the world

Biomass will play an important

role in meeting the global climate
targets set in the Paris
agreement

UNFCC; https://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/9656.jpeg https://www.ednh.news/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Paris.jpg

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Past and actual state:
Mostly use of fossil fuels

Non- biogenic CO2

Fossil fuel
combustion
transfers geologic
carbon into the
atmosphere. It is a
one way process
Fossil Fuel

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20th century was a century of the great
acceleration, it’s time to slow down…

Growing
factor
Population 3.75
Annual
extraction of
34
construction
materials
Ores and
27
minerals
Fossil fuels 12

Biomass 3.6
Total material
8
extraction
GHG emissions 13

https://makanaka.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/global_material_extraction.png

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Worldwide fossil fuel consumption

https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels

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How long does the fossil fuel reserves last?

Nonrenewable resources, such as

minerals and oil, have finite stocks even
though their availability may increase with
discoveries in the short run.

Conversely, renewable resources can be

theoretically produced at a certain level
infinitely.

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Worldwide annual CO2 emissions

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 Future:
We need to achieve carbon neutrality!

BUT HOW? Atmosphere

Non- biogenic CO2

Biogenic CO2

CO2
Biomass
Carbon
Fossil Fuel

Biogenic carbon is part of a relatively rapid

natural cycle that impacts atmospheric CO2
only if the cyce is out of balance.
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Qp-x2VUYib_k-
3eNTwVO7A7gkiNqVHnRiaSAfLpu2Y5gscWkm_7FWUsbZHdsN_2ULJ7RhrYvEx9V45RM_kSr4MSPZwRFfVbY1ui2iaX9fD__MvYyEGqPnA-9WjALGSZ3OQ

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Two approaches are…

Circular
Economy

&
Bioeconomy

Source: (BMBF, 2020)

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Resources of Bioeconomy

❖ Bioeconomy
“production of renewable biological
resources and the conversion of these
resources and waste streams into value
added products, such as food, feed, bio-
based products and bioenergy”
(European Commission, 2012)

❖ Natural Resource Management (NRM)

concerns the sustainable utilization of
major natural resources such as land,
water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries,
and wild flora and fauna.
(Castro, Falconer et al. 2000).

Source: (BMBF, 2020)

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Linear economy vs. Circular economy

Petovarga; https://stock.adobe.com/de/contributor/200723983/petovarga?load_type=author&prev_url=detail&asset_id=267780162.jpg

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23.02.2021 | Institute IWAR | FG Stoffstrommanagement und Ressourcenwirtschaft | O. Aryoug and A. Campitelli | 25
Bioeconomy vs. circular economy?

Circular
Bio Circular
Bio
E E
E

Source: (Stegmann et al., 2020)

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Circular Bioeconomy

Source: (Stegmann et al., 2020)

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European objectives to make the EU more
sustainable in the context of bioeconomy

The initial five objectives of the European Strategy (2012) remain valid, their scope
needs to be adapted and the related actions need to be refocused in order to better
use the potential of the bioeconomy to meet current and future EU priorities.

1. Ensuring food and nutrition security

2. Managing natural resources sustainably – now more important than ever amid
increasing environmental pressures and biodiversity loss
3. Reducing dependence on nonrenewable resources – vital to meeting the EU’s energy
and climate targets, maintaining and strengthening its industrial competitiveness and
achieving a fully deployed circular economy
4. Mitigating and adapting to climate change – the global challenge of this generation
5. Strengthening European competitiveness and creating jobs – a key driver of the
bioeconomy

Source: Bioeconomy: the European way to use our natural resources Action plan 2018

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 Find the French
Sustainable and circular bioeconomy version on Youtube!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xvXkOMRTs4

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Relevance of bioeconomy
Turnover in the European (EU 28) bioeconomy in the year 2013

(Piotrowski et al. 2016) in (Lewandowski 2018)

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Bioeconomy is a good approach, but…

…it can have potential negative impacts as:

❖ increased pressure on water bodies and natural ecosystems
❖ competition for land, i.e. direct and indirect land-use change
❖ agricultural intensification
❖ eutrophication
❖ risks posed by invasive species Eutrophication

Picture: Paul v. Sengbusch; http://www1.biologie.uni-

Picture: Paulo Fridmann/Corbis; https://peapix.com/bing/24714 hamburg.de/b-online/d55/55.html

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A challenge for resource management in the
bioeconomy…
…is to increase human development within the world biocapacity threshold!

The Human Development Index

(HDI) is calculated using three
components: education, life
expectancy at birth and wealth.

The Ecological Footprint

measures how much land and
water area a population requires to
produce the resources it consumes
and to absorb its waste.

The world biocapacity is the

global productive area available on
Earth (it decreases as population
grows).

Less Most developed

Source: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-
maps/figures/correlation-of-ecological-footprint-2008

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References

BMBF (2020): National Bioeconomy Strategy. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
Available online: https://www.ptj.de/en/project-funding/bioeconomy (last accessed on 02.10.2020)
Bruce E. Dale, James E Anderson, et al. (2014). “Take a Closer Look: Biofuels Can Support
Environmental, Economic and Social Goals”
Castro, G., et al. (2000). "Natural Resources Management."
McCormick, K. and N. Kautto (2013). "The bioeconomy in Europe: An overview." Sustainability
5(6): 2589-2608.
Lewandowski, Iris (Hg.) (2018): Bioeconomy. Shaping the Transition to a Sustainable, Biobased
Economy. Springer International Publishing. Available online:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319681511
Stegmann, P., Londo, M., Junginger, M., 2020. The circular bioeconomy: its elements and role in
European bioeconomy clusters. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. X 6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcrx.2019.100029

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 Thank you for your attention!

Photo by: Gowthaman Sivaraj; Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/129787680@N06/17040863488

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AB HIER FÜR 1. Consultation Hour dieser
Einheit nutzen!!!

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 What risks would arise if the actual
economy is largely transformed to
?
bioeconomy?

!
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What risks would arise if the actual economy
is largely transformed to bioeconomy?

?
• Many of these resources today called renewable, may not
be sufficiently reproducible in the future.
• Higher demand for food, fodder, fuel and fibre consumption
AND additional biomass demand from new bio-based
technologies can push socio–ecological systems over the
edge of tipping points.

!
• Sustainable shift towards bioeconomy must take into
account new kinds of impact on natural capital.

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Natural Resource Management (NRM) in the
bioeconomy…

That’s why Natural Resource Management (NRM) is important for

bioeconomy to efficiently cover the required biogenic needs.

http://syedandassociatesllc.com/services/natural-resources-management/

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NRM in the bioeconomy
Use of biofuels

Source: Dale, Anderson et al, 2014

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