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Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses 3. Terminology
predetermined, arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are
non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results. 3.1 Definitions—See definitions of viscosity given in Test
Methods D2171/D2171M and D3205.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 4. Summary of Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specified
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
dimensions, heated to the selected temperature, placed between
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
the plates of the pre-heated apparatus, and pressed under
with the standard.
standard conditions for a measured time. The apparent viscos-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ity is calculated from the final diameter of the pressed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the specimen disc.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 5. Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Parallel Plate Plastometer—A modified form of Wil-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- liams’ plastometer as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Mass of Platen A
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- is 5000 6 50 g [11.02 6 0.11 lb].
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 0.01 mm [1.0000 6 0.0025 in.] and a height of 12.70 6
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 0.01 mm [0.5000 6 0.0025 in.] cut from copper or brass
tubing.
2. Referenced Documents 5.3 Constant-Temperature Oven, capable of maintaining test
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 temperature within 60.1 °C [60.2 °F].
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials 5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimeters over at least
D312/D312M Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing 150 mm [6 in.] and accurate to 60.5 mm [60.02 in.].
D450/D450M Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in
6. Sampling
1
6.1 Sample the material to be tested in accordance with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
Practice D140/D140M.
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing. 7. Test Specimens
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4989/D4989M – 90a
7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture of
(2014)ɛ1. DOI: 10.1520/D4989_D4989M-90AR21. talc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
D4989/D4989M − 90a (2021)
8.3 At the end of the test period, lift the upper platen
immediately and remove the specimen sandwich from the
apparatus and the oven. Allow the specimen to cool on a flat
surface for at least 30 min.
8.4 Measure the final diameter of the specimen disc at five
locations chosen at random and record to the nearest 0.5 mm.
Record the test temperature to the nearest 0.1 °C [0.2 °F], and
the time under load in minutes.
9. Calculation
9.1 Calculate the average final diameter of the specimen
FIG. 1 Plastometer with Platens in Open and Closed Positions disc from the five measurements recorded.
9.2 Calculate the average apparent viscosity as follows:
each mold by brushing or applying the paste with a fingertip.
Place the rings on a brass or aluminum plate coated with the
release agent.
Pa·s 5
3.60 3 1018t
~d! 8 S
; viscosity, cps 5
2.08 3 1010t
d8 D (1)
2
D4989/D4989M − 90a (2021)
NOTE 1—A1, A2, B 19-mm [3⁄4 in.] cold-rolled steel plate, standard finish.
FIG. 2 Plastometer Details
3
D4989/D4989M − 90a (2021)
TABLE 1 Approximate Test Time Intervals for Various Bitumen Types
Viscosity Range, Pascals, and Approximate Length of Test at Temperature Indicated
Bitumen Type Softening Point °C [°F]
25 °C [77 °F] 40 °C [104 °F] 60 °C [140 °F]
1A 57 to 66 [135 to 150] (1 to 5) × 107 (1 to 5) × 105 (1 to 5) × 103
(20 h) (10 min) (10 s)
2A 71 to 79 [160 to 175] (1 to 5) × 108 (1 to 5) × 106 (1 to 5) × 104
(3 days) (1 h) (1 min)
A
3 82 to 93 [180 to 200] (1 to 5) × 109 (5 to 10) × 107 (5 to 10) × 105
(1 week) (20 h) (15 min)
4A 96 to 107 [205 to 225] (1 to 5) × 1010 (1 to 5) × 109 (1 to 5) × 107
(2 months) (1 week) (20 h)
PitchB 54 to 62 [129 to 144] (1 to 5) × 109 (1 to 5) × 106 (1 to 5) × 104
(1 week) (1 h) (1 min)
A
Asphalt type as described in Specification D312/D312M.
B
Coal-tar pitch as described in Specification D450/D450M.
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