“The Aurora”

Presentation Script

Introduction (Grace)
Good afternoon Mr Jemmy! Hi everyone! My name is Grace, I’m…., I’m…., I’m…. and I’m …
We are from group 5. As you can see on the screen, the topic we chose for our presentation is “The
Aurora”. We all know, there are Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis.
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TODAYS DICUSSION (grace)
These are the 5 main points we are going to present.
The first thing we’re going to explain is history
and the 4 Ws and 1 H of Auroras
third, the difference between Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis
the fourth is about coloring an aurora
and some fun facts to close our presentation.
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HISTORY OF AURORAS (KEzia)
To begin with, we are going to tell you a little bit about the history of auroras.
In 1619 A.D., Galileo Galilei coined the term “Aurora Borealis” after Aurora, the Roman Goddess of
morning.

He had the misconception that the auroras he saw were due to sunlight reflecting from the atmosphere.

Here is an early drawing of an Aurora, depicted as candles in the sky (tunjuk ke gambar)
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What is an aurora? (kezia)
But what actually is an aurora?
(read from slide)
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BOREALIS AND Australis (Kezia)
So, what’s the difference between Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis?
Well, the only difference is the place where it happens
(read from slide)
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VIDEO (kezia)
Here’s a short video of the aurora borealis.

(video finishes)

Beautiful, isn’t it?

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WHEN AND WHERE (kezia)
I’m sure some of you guys want to see an Aurora in person someday, including us!
But where and when can we see them?
(read from slide)
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HOW AURORAS ARE FORMED (grace)
The activity that creates auroras begins on the sun. The sun is a ball of superhot gases made of
electrically charged particles called ions. The ions, which continuously stream from the sun’s surface, are
called the solar wind.

As solar wind approaches Earth, it meets Earth’s magnetic field (Without this magnetic field protecting the
planet, the solar wind would blow away Earth’s fragile atmosphere, preventing all life). Most of the solar
wind is blocked by the magnetosphere, and the ions, forced around the planet, continue to travel farther into
the solar system.

Although most of the solar wind is blocked by the magnetosphere, some of the ions become briefly trapped
in ring-shaped holding areas around the planet. These areas, in a region of the atmosphere called
the ionosphere, are centered around Earth’s geomagnetic poles.

In the ionosphere, the ions of the solar wind collide with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen from Earth’s
atmosphere. The energy released during these collisions causes a colorful glowing halo around the poles—an
aurora.
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COLORING AN AURORA (Tiffany)
Now that we know what an aurora is, let’s learn how to color it!
First, we need to know the factors that affect the color of an aurora!
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The colors of the aurora vary, depending on altitude and the kind of atoms involved. So, those are the two
main factors of coloring an Aurora.
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If ions strike oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere, the interaction produces a red glow. This is an
unusual aurora.
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The most familiar display, a green-yellow hue, occurs as ions strike oxygen at lower altitudes.
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Reddish and bluish light that often appears in the lower fringes of auroras is produced
by ions striking atoms of nitrogen.
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Ions striking hydrogen and helium atoms can produce blue and purple auroras, although our eyes can rarely
detect this part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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FUN FACTS (AYU)
Before we end our explanation about auroras, here are some fun facts!

The first fact, you can actually see them from space! Here’s what it looks like. (tunjuk ke gambar)

and the oldest known record of an aurora dates back to 2600 BC. Scientists found evidence for the earliest
record of an aurora, the colorful bands of light that dance in the sky, within an ancient Chinese text.

Third fact is, you might mind them in cave paintings. This image here is a cave-painting called “macaronis”, it
may be the earliest depiction of an aurora from 30,000 B.C.

Fourth, they can be disruptive. The solar flare that created the solar storm of 1859 was so large that the
northern lights were visible as far south as Mexico, Cuba and Hawaii. Telegraph systems all over Europe and
North America failed.
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GRAMMAR (Ayu)
Now let’s talk about the grammar we use in this presentation.
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Ayu)
In the 3rd slide, we use past tense. Why?
Because, we are talking about history, something that happened in the past.
“Galileo Galilei had the misconception that the auroras he saw were due to sunlight reflecting from the
atmosphere.”
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We use simple past tense to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past.

This is the formula for simple past tense

Subject plus Verb 2 for positive sentences
Subject plus did plus not plus Verb 1 for negative sentences
and Did plus Subject plus Verb 1 for interrogative sentences
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Monique)
We use simple present tense in most of the sentences because we are talking about general truth/facts or
things that are true in general. For example : (read the examples from slide)

This is the formula for simple present tense

Subject + Verb 1 (s/es) for positive sentences
Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 for negative sentences
and Do/does + Subject + Verb 1 for interrogative sentences
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PASSIVE VOICE (Grace)
Some of the slides use passive voice

The lack of emphasis on the actor has made passive voice a choice when it comes to scientific or academic
writing.

The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the
person or object that perform the action.

Here is the formula for passive voice:

Subject + to be + Verb 3

These are some examples from our presentation:

Reddish and bluish light that often appears in the lower fringes of auroras is produced by ions striking
atoms of nitrogen.

In the north, the display is called aurora borealis, or northern lights. In the south, it is called aurora australis,
or southern lights.
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SUPERLATIVE (Monique)

According to the Collins Dictionary, the superlative form of an adjective or adverb is the form that
indicates that something has more of a quality than anything else in a group.

Whereas, in the Cambridge Dictionary, the superlative degree is defined as the form of an
adjective or adverb that expresses that the thing or person being described has more of the
particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type.

The formula for superlative is the, plus adjective or adverb, plus est
or most plus adjective or adverb.

Here are some examples :

• The oldest known record of an aurora dates back to 2600 BC.
• the most familiar display, a green-yellow hue, occurs as ions strike oxygen at lower altitudes.
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CLOSING (Tiffany)
And that brings us to the end. We’d like to thank for everyone’s time and attention today.
Would anyone like to ask any questions?

But wait! It’s not over yet.

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POP QUIZ (Tiffany)
We’re going to do a pop quiz!
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RULES (Monique)
These are the rules for this quiz :
First…. (baca dari slide)
Second….
Third….
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