Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anxiety Medications
dr. Tribowo Tuahta Ginting, Sp.KJ(K)
RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta
PDSKJI Jaya
Pendahuluan
• Gangguan cemas : gangguan psikiatri yang cukup sering
• Menyebabkan disabilitas
• WHO : sekitar 264 juta orang menderita gangguan cemas
meningkat 15 % sejak 2005
• Menurut NCS-R prevalensi gangguan cemas di US sekitar 32%
• Paling umum adalah gangguan cemas sosial dan fobia spesifik
• Stein et al, prevalensi gangguan cemas 7,3% (4,8%-10,9%)
• Fobia spesifik yang paling sering (10,3%)
• Gangguan panik 6%
• Fobia sosial 2,2%
• Perempuan mempunyai risiko 1,5-2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-
laki (Bandelow et al)
• Kecemasan : memiliki beban biaya yang lebih tinggi dan besar
dibandingkan gangguan jiwa lainnya karena prevalensi yang tinggi
• Kecemasan : gangguan panik, gangguan cemas menyeluruh, gangguan
kecemasan sosial, fobia spesifik
ANXIETY DI
INDONESIA
Description
Onset of Tx Effect 1 hour1
Peak Plasma (Tmax) 1 or 2 hours1
Half-life Adult (T1/2) 11 hours1
1) Latest BPOM Approved Xanax Local Product Document 2020; 2) Alprazolam Product Monograph 2019.
Alprazolam Speed of Action
According to several measures, Alprazolam demonstrated a Fast onset of action in majority of patients.
In patients treated with Alprazolam, 90% of the peak benefit occurred within 1st hour post-dose.
Results from a 9-week, open-label, switch-over study in 30 patients with DSM-IV panic disorder. Patients stable on alprazolam compressed tablet for 3 weeks were
switched to alprazolam extended release. Analysis of profile data derived from the clinician and patient from daily diary records was used to determine magnitude of benefit.
Data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose (1-10 mg/d), multicenter, 6-week study (n=209) comparing regular alprazolam given four times per day with placebo in adult patients, evaluated
with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R in order to establish a diagnosis of panic disorder and extensive phobic avoidance (agoraphobia with panic attacks) or limited phobic avoidance. Results are
calculated using LOCF.
LOCF = last observation carried forward; HAM-A = Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; DSM-III-R = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Third Edition-Revised; Tx = Treatment
Pecknold J, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study with alprazolam and extended-release alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol.
1994;14(5):314-21.
Alprazolam Efficacy & Safety Benefits Over Diazepam
After 4 weeks of Treatment, patients receiving Alprazolam show:
1.Marked or moderate improvements in Anxiety symptoms vs Diazepam.
2.Lower incidence of several common side effects vs Diazepam.
Variable
Clonazepam (n=75) Alprazolam (n=64) Lorazepam (n=41)
Reducing Hyper-excitation in
Ascending pain pathways.
Reducing Dysregulation in areas of the
brain associated with pain perception
& modulation.
Restoring inhibitory Descending pain
pathways to normal physiological
Adapted from Kavoussi R et al. Eur Neuropsychopharm. 2006. state.
1. Kavoussi R. Eur Neuropsychopharm. 2006;16:S128-S133. 2. Stahl SM et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34(6):332-9.
3. Harris RE et al. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(6):1453-64. 4. Bee LA, Dickenson AH Pain. 2008;140(1):209-23.
Hyperexcited Neuron Modulation with Pregabalin
Blommel ML, Blommel AL. Pregabalin: an antiepileptic agent useful for neuropathic pain. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(14):1475-82. 38
Pregabalin
• Tidak memengaruhi kerja GABA baik pada reseptor GABA-A atau
GABA-B
• Pregabalin tidak menambah GABA-mediated responses, tidak
memengaruhi GABA re-uptake inhibiting effects, atau GABA
transaminase-inhibiting effects.
• Kecepatan onset pregabalin pada gangguan cemas sebanding
dengan benzodiazepin
Perbandingan Pregabalin dengan benzodiazepine pada GAD
Benzodiazepines Pregabalin
>95%
patients
GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; SNRI = Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor;
SSRI = Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Rickels K, et al. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;27:142–50.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: TREATMENT FOR GAD (RANZCP 2018)
* = Conflicting data; SNRI = Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; SSRI = Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA = Tricyclic Antidepressants; XL = extended release; XR = extended release; (-ve) = negative.
Adopted from: Katzman MA, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry
2014;14(S1):1-83.
PERBANDINGAN KUALITATIF TERHADAP
EFEKTIVITAS KELAS TERAPI PADA GAD
t_tuahta@yahoo.com