QUIZ 3 REVIEWER - are thin, sometimes patchy, sheet-like clouds.

CLOUD PHYSICS VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT

- study of the physical processes that lead to the formation,  NIMBOSTRATUS
growth and precipitation of atmospheric clouds - Are dark, gray clouds that seem to fade into
- weather pattern, climate change falling rain or snow.
- From low to middle height, kaya tumagal
CLOUD
- puffy thing in the sky which is a mass of water drops or ice
crystals suspended in the atmosphere.

TYPES OF CLOUDS
1. LOW-LEVEL CLOUDS
2. MIDDLE-LEVEL CLOUDS
3. HIGH-LEVEL CLOUDS
4. VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT CLOUDS

LOW LEVEL CLOUDS

 STRATUS
- often look like thin, white sheets covering the compared sa ibang clouds
whole sky.
- Water droplets

 STRATOCUMULUS
- patchy gray or white clouds that often have dark
honey-comb appearance.

 CUMULUS
- look like fluffy, white cotton balls in the sky.
- 2,000 m to 6,000 m, fair weather

 CUMULONIMBUS
- grow on hot days when warm, wet air rises very Air Rises - Air Parcel - Expansion and Cooling
high into the sky.
- 18,000 m higher, super lamig ng water, lightning, AIR MASSES
severe weather, thunderstorm, heavy rain - large bodies of air with uniform temperature and
humidity characteristics, formed over source
MIDDLE-LEVEL CLOUDS regions with similar surface properties.
 ALTOSTRATUS - Continental area form, cloud formation
- gray or blue-gray clouds composed of ice crystals FRONTS
and water droplets.  boundaries between contrasting air masses with different
- Layer is uniform, dim sunlight, light precipitation, temperature, humidity, and density properties, leading to
18,000 m + 6,000 m = 24,000 m dynamic atmospheric instability and cloud formation.

 ALTOCUMULUS 1. WARM FRONTS

- Have several patchy white or gray layers and  When warm air advances and rises over cooler
seem to be made up of many small rows of fluffy air, leading to gradual cloud development and
ripples. precipitation.
- Lighter, same height
2. COLD FRONTS
HIGH-LEVEL CLOUDS  When cold air advances and displaces warm air,
 CIRRUS leading to rapid uplift, condensation, and the
- Are delicate, feathery clouds that are made formation of cumulonimbus clouds and severe
mostly of ice crystals. weather.
- Hair texture, approx. 6,000 m from the highest 5 FACTORS AFFECTING CLOUD PARTICLES
altitude of the middle clouds, fair weather 1. TEMPERATURE
2. HUMIDITY
 CIRROSTRATUS 3. AEROSOLS
- are thin, white clouds that cover the whole sky 4. VERTICAL MOTION
like a veil. 5. ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
- Sheet-like, 6,000 m to 12,000 m galling sa middle
level, around the sun and moon SOLAR RADIATION
 energy that is emitted by the sun in the form of
 CIRROCUMULUS electromagnetic waves. This energy travels through space
 and reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, where it can be 2. DIRECT NORMAL IRRADIANCE
absorbed or reflected by various substances, such as the  radiation from the sun that reaches the earth without
Earth’s surface, clouds, and gases in the atmosphere. scattering.
 Photosynthesis - evaporation, atmospheric circulation
 Effect: human health, sunburn, skin cancer 3. DIFFUSE IRRADIANCE
 radiation that is scattered by the atmosphere, clouds, and
SOLAR IRRADIANCE may arrive from all directions.
 refers to the amount of solar radiation that is received by a
surface, such as the Earth’s surface or the surface of a solar 4. ALBEDO IRRADIANCE
panel, per unit area.  a direct or diffuse radiation reflected from the soil or
 measured in watts per square meter. nearby surfaces (snow, lakes, etc.)
 Measurement, climate researches, watts/m 2
5. GLOBAL HORIZONTAL IRRADIANCE
SOLAR IRRADIATION  total amount of shortwave radiation received from above
 another term for solar radiation or solar energy. by horizontal surface.
 It refers to the energy that is emitted by the sun in the  includes both Direct Normal Irradiance and Diffuse
form of electromagnetic waves and that reaches a surface, Horizontal Irradiance.
such as the Earth’s surface or a solar panel.
 measured in different ways, including by the amount of 6. GLOBAL IN-PLANE IRRADIANCE
solar radiation that is received by a surface per unite area,  total amount of radiation received from above by an
or by the amount of solar energy that is received over a inclined surface.
period of time.
MEASUREMENT AND OBSERVATION
COMPOSITION OF SOLAR RADIATION PYRANOMETER
1. VISIBLE LIGHT -can be seen by the human eye  a device that can be used to measure both beam radiation
2. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION - shorter wavelength, cannot be and diffuse radiation.
seen by the naked eye  Total solar radiation received by horizontal surface,
3. INFRARED RADIATION - longer wavelength, red weather stations, scientific researches
4. OTHER COMPONENTS: X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS, RADIO
WAVES PYRHELIOMETER
 a device used for measuring direct beam radiation at
IMPORTANCE OF SOSLAR RADIATION normal incidence.
1. Energy Source  To measure intensity of the sunlight sa surface ng earth
2. Life Support (Plants: Photosynthesis: Produce oxygen)
SPECTRORADIOMETER
 Measures solar radiation spectrally resolved.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SOLAR RADIATION  Measure spectral distribution of Solar Radiation
1. ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS  Aerosol content, scattering solar
 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
 AEROSOLS AND PARTICLES MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
COMPONENTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE BEAM RADIATION I b : direct sunlight.
 Gases
 Aerosols DIFFUSE RADIATION I d : solar radiation scattered by aerosols, dust
 Clouds
and molecules.
Anthropogenic: Industrial emission
Natural: Wildfire
TOTAL RADIATION I t : also known as global radiation.
2. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
 LATITUDE
 ALTITUDE
Shifting between tropic cancer and capricorn

3. SEASONAL VARIATIONS
 EARTH’S TILT AND SEASONS
 SUN PATH AND SOLAR DECLINATION
Solar Declination - process over a year

ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS
1. SOLAR RADIATION
 absorbed, scattered and reflected by components of the
atmosphere. The amount of radiation reaching the earth is
less than what entered the top of the atmosphere.
 Angle and intensity