Reference No: KLL-FO-ACAD-000 | Effectivity Date: August 3, 2020 | Revisions No.

: 00
Module in Readings
in
Philippine History
Name: _________________________________________________________
(Last name, First Name MI.)

Course, Year & Section: ___________________________________________

Address: _______________________________________________________

MODULE

Lesson 1

FIRST Semester, AY 2020-2021

COURSE CODE/TITLE:GE 102/Readings in Philippine History

SUBJECT MATTER

Topics Time-Frame

Meaning and Relevance of History

Distinction of Primary and Secondary Sources
6 hrs.

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course you should be able to:

1. Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity;

2. Analyze the content, context perspective of the different kinds of primary sources;
3. Determine the contribution of the different primary sources;
4. Develop critical and analytical with exposure to primary sources;
5. Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and preserving our country’s national
patrimony;
ENGAGEMENT

What do you think is the meaning of History? Why do you need to study history?

Below is the word HISTORY, create an acrostic on what you already know about it.
 H -

I -

S -

T -

O -

R -

Y -

The Meaning and Relevance of History

History & Sources

There are many definitions as there are many theories in history. The word history comes from the
Greek word “historia” which means inquiry; knowledge acquired through investigation of the past.
History also includes the academic disciplines which utilize narration to describe, examine, question
and analyze sequence of the past. One historian states that history is a science whose business is to
study events not accessible to our observation and to study events inferentially arguing from
something else in which historian calls “evidence of events in which she or he is interested.
(Philippine Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 1993:1)

However, it is still a fact that the process of writing history is subject to different interpretation and
depends on what theory the historian believes and accepts. In the presence of diversity in opinions
and interpretations, historians generally considered the historical facts which can be recognized or
assumed to be true and correct.

The study of history is the study of human achievement (Carr, 1970). The present can be fully
understood through the reflection of the past. It is always significant to fully understand the past to
evade repeating the same shortcomings, mistakes of the present for the future of our people and
nation.

In the book “Understanding History” A Primer of Historical Method by Gottschalk discusses the type
of sources, criticizing of documents internally and externally which are essential in the authenticity
and credibility of historical sources.

DISTINCTION OF PRIMARY SOURCES AND SECONDARY SOURCES

What is a Primary Source?

Primary sources: firsthand documents that provide direct evidence on your topic. A primary source
is often created during the time the events occurred or took place. There are three types of primary
sources such as original documents, creative works, relics and artifacts.

Primary sources help students relate in a personal way to events of the past and promote a deeper
understanding of history as a series of human events. In using primary sources it provides window of
the past, unfiltered access of information, and allows deepening the knowledge and understanding of
a particular event or situation.

Example of Primary Sources:

Secondary Sources are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are
interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather
commentary on and discussion of evidence.

The secondary source is the evidence of someone who was not present at the time of occurrence of
the event e.g., books written by historians. The secondary source is also of great historical
importance to the historians. The secondary sources itself dependent on primary sources.
Example of Secondary Example of Secondary Example of Secondary
Sources Sources Sources

Bibliographies criticisms Encyclopedias

Biographical works documentary Magazines

Commentaries, dissertation Articles

Conference proceedings textbooks Book reviews

Essays or reviews dictionary

 Primary and Secondary Sources

Primary sources

are the raw materials of historical research - they are the

documents or artifacts closest to the topic of
investigation? Often they are created during the time
period which is being studied (correspondence, diaries,
newspapers, government documents, art) but they can
also be produced later by eyewitnesses or participants
(memoirs, oral histories). You may find primary sources Secondary sources
in their original format (usually in an archive) or
reproduced in a variety of ways: books, microfilm, digital, offer an analysis or a restatement of primary
sources. They often attempt to describe or explain
etc.
primary sources. Some secondary sources not only
analyze primary sources, but also use them to argue
Note: The definition of a primary source may vary a contention or persuade the reader to hold a certain
depending upon the discipline or context. opinion. Secondary sources are not evidence, but
rather commentary on and discussion of evidence.
Examples include:Artifacts (e.g. coins, plant
specimens, fossils, furniture, tools, clothing, all from the
time under study) Note: The definition of a secondary source may
Audio recordings (e.g. radio programs, oral histories) vary depending upon the discipline or context.
Diaries
Internet communications on email, listservs
Interviews (e.g., oral histories, telephone, e-mail) Examples include:Bibliographies (also considered
Journal articles published in peer-reviewed publications tertiary)
Letters Biographical works
Newspaper articles written at the time Commentaries, criticisms
Original Documents (i.e. birth certificate, will, marriage Dictionaries, Encyclopedias (also considered
license, trial transcript) tertiary)
Patents Histories
Photographs Journal articles (depending on the disciple can be
Proceedings of Meetings, conferences and symposia primary)
Records of organizations, government agencies (e.g. Magazine and newspaper articles (this distinction
annual report, treaty, constitution, government varies by discipline)
document) Monographs, other than fiction and autobiography
Speeches Textbooks (also considered tertiary)
Survey Research (e.g., market surveys, public opinion Web site (also considered prima
polls)
Video recordings (e.g. television programs)
Works of art, architecture, literature, and music (e.g.,
paintings, sculptures, musical scores, buildings, novels,
poems)

Source: https://answers.library.cofc.edu/faq/46619

Name:__________________________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

ACTIVITY

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Write P if it is a PRIMARY source and S if it is a
secondary source. Write your answer in the Right Colum Blank (15 points)
 STATEMENT RIGHT COLUMN BLANK

A biography about Jose Rizal.

The declaration of independence.

A TV show explaining what happened in COVID-19

cases

A website describing what the ABS-CBN shutdown

A Philippine veteran talking about the Philippine

independence

Antonio Pigafetta’s diary describing what he thought

about Limasawa

A letter from a soldier describing World War 2.

An actor describing what it was like on the set of a

movie.

A history book describing Magellan’s exploration

A friend describing the eruption of Taal volcano

A journal written by a news TV reporter showcasing

the beauty of Siargao

A journal article written about how Dr. Jose Rizal

lived.

A classmate giving a report about World War 2.

A newspaper article from 1941 describing the attack
on Pearl Harbor

An autobiography of Andres Bonifacio.

OUTPUT (RESULT)

Submit your output in hard copy at the designated pick-up points or soft copy @

evacastro88@yahoo.com/ for Mrs. Evangeline O. Castro

mareginaellezo@gmail.com/ for Ms. Regina Ellezo

jotherese1228@gmail.com for Engr, Maria Teresa M. Maldonado

jgonzales0221@gmail.com for Ms. Joan H. Gonzales

anthonyjay.ilag1@gmail.com for Mr. Anthony Jay Ilag

Name: __________________________________________ Date Accomplished: ____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

EVALUATION

DIRECTIONS: Read the following sentences comprehensively. Tell whether if the statements are
TRUE or FALSE
 1. Secondary sources are account written after the fact without the benefit of
hindsight.
1._______

1. A post card is an example of primary sources.

2._______

1. Primary sources help students relate in a personal way to events of the past.

3._______

1. The present can be fully understood through the reflection of the future.

4._______

1. “Historia” is a Greek word which means inquiry.

5._______

1. There are secondary sources that can be considered as tertiary sources.

6._______

1. Encyclopedias are one of the example of secondary sources.

7._______

1. Artifacts can be considered as secondary sources.

8._______

1. Criticizing of documents internally and externally are essential in the

authenticity and credibility of historian sources.
9._______

1. Creative works are considered as secondary sources.

10.______

Rubrics:
 DESCRIPTION SCORE ASSESSMENT

Exceeds the required standard and responded the questions with

9 - 10 Excellent
full understanding.

Meets the standard required and comprehensively responded with

7–8 Good
understanding.

Meets the standard in most aspects but fails in some areas.

5–6 Acceptable
Acceptable level of response.

Fails the standard in most aspects but meets some. Responded

3–4 Limited
with limited understanding.

Significantly fails to meet the standard. Responded with

1–2 Inadequate
inadequate level of understanding.

MODULE

Lesson 2

FIRST Semester, AY 2020-2021

COURSE CODE/TITLE: GE 102/Readings in Philippine History

SUBJECT MATTER

Topics Time-Frame

The historical importance of text and

examination of Pre-Hispanic source
3 hrs.
materials for the study of Philippine History-
William Henry Scott.
 COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course you should be able to:

1. Comparative Analysis of Primary source and secondary source.

2. Ability to demonstrate primary sources in an argument.

ENGAGEMENT

Historians have great contribution in our society as their write-ups serves as our sources of
information. Complete the table below with your ideal historian and its contribution in our society.

HISTORIAN CONTRIBUTION

The Importance of Historical Sources

 Pre-Hispanic source materials for the study of Philippine History-William Henry Scott

Who is William Henry Scott?

William Henry Scott

William Henry Scott was born in U.S.A and died in 1993 in Quezon City Philippines.

You may be wondering about his presence in our country.

Scott observed the Igorots people of the Cordillera region had preserved elements of pre-colonial
culture to a greater degree, and over a wider area, than could be found elsewhere in the Philippines.
He saw the resistance of Igorots to attempts by the Marcos government to develop projects in the
region as a model for resistance elsewhere in the country. He did not support the view that the Igorot
people are intrinsically different to other Filipinos, or the view that the Cordillera should become an
ethnic preserve. (Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_(historian)
The value of his works encompasses the attempt to critically assess the materials especially those
records that have been claimed in the record of the history. He is popularly known as historian of the
“Igorots”.

History and authenticity dispute

In 1917, the historian JosuéSoncuya wrote about the Code of Kalantiaw in his book Historia
Prehispana de Filipinas ("Prehispanic History of the Philippines") where he moved the location of the
Code's origin from Negros to the Panay province of Aklan because he suspected that it may be
related to the Ati-atihan festival. Other authors throughout the 20th century gave credence to the
story and the code.

In 1965, then University of Santo Tomas doctoral candidate William Henry Scott began an
examination of Prehispanic sources for the study of Philippine history. Scott eventually demonstrated
that the code was a forgery committed by Marco. When Scott presented these conclusions in his
doctoral dissertation, defended on 16 June 1968 before a panel of eminent Filipino historians which
included Teodoro Agoncillo, Horacio de la Costa, Marcelino Foronda, Mercedes Grau Santamaria,
Nicolas Zafra and Gregorio Zaide, not a single question was raised about the chapter which he had
called The Contributions of Jose E. Marco to Philippine historiography. However, in 1971 a decoration
to be known as the Order of Kalantiao was created, to be awarded to any citizen of the Philippines for
exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic in the administration of justice and in the field of
law.

Scott later published his findings debunking the code in his book Pre-Hispanic Source Materials for
the Study of Philippine History. Filipino historians later removed the code from future literature
regarding Philippine history. When Antonio W. Molina published a Spanish version of his The
Philippines Through the Centuries as Centuries as historia de Filipinas (Madrid, 1984), he replaced
the Code with one sentence: "La tésis doctoral del historador Scott desbarate la existenciamisma de
dichoCódigo" (The doctoral dissertation of the historian Scott demolishes the very existence of the
Code).

The authenticity of the code had been questioned previously by other scholars; however, despite this
and despite Scott's findings, changes in textbooks and in academic curriculum were not forthcoming
until almost thirty years following the release of Scott’s publication in 1969. In the interim, the Code of
Kalantiaw continued to be taught as a part of ancient Philippine history.

It is important to note about the relevance of primary sources and secondary sources and evaluation
of such. The forgeries of Jose E. Marco led to the declaration of the National Historical Institute
through Resolution no. 12 series of 2004, that the Code of Kalantiaw has no historical basis.

As student of this course, always remember to evaluate the primary sources for their credibility,
authenticity and provenance. As defined in Collins Dictionary, credibility is truthfulness; authenticity is
the originality and genuiness, and validity, while provenance is the place of origin or earliest known
history of something.

The National Historical Institute, through a Resolution no 12, series of 2004 declared the Code of
Kalantiao “has no valid historical basis”.
In 2004, "declaring that Code of Kalantiao/Kalantiaw has no Valid Historical Basis" called for: (1) the
official affirmation that the Kalantiaw Code is a twentieth-century fraudulent work by Jose Marco, (2)
the President of the Philippines cease to honor retiring Supreme justices and other international
dignitaries with the ‘Order of Kalantiaw’, and (3) the revoking of Executive Order 234, which
recognized Datu Bondahara Kalantiaw as "The First Philippine Lawgiver" and declared a Hall of
Fame and Library to be constructed in his honor in Batan, Aklan as a national shrine.This NHI
resolution was approved by the Office of the President in
2005.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Kalantiaw

In Pilipino Express an article was published on November 16, 2015, exposing the fraudulent work by
Jose Marco by Paul Morrow

It is no secret that over the past century Filipino history books have been riddled with errors and
outright hoaxes, especially in the area of the pre-Hispanic period. After more than 300 years of
Spanish rule, Filipinos had many blank spots in their collective memory concerning their pre-colonial
past. At the beginning of the 1900s, the new American regime helped to regain some of these lost
memories through new research, which was fuelled by the post-revolution nationalism of the Filipinos
and the Americans’ curiosity about their new possession. However, some of these over-enthusiastic
efforts to resurrect the past led to sloppy historical research on both sides. Often, a basic talent for
forgery was hardly even needed to fool the “experts.”

Perhaps the most famous hoax was that of Datu Kalantiaw, the first Filipino lawmaker. It was wildly
successful for 50 years before anybody seriously questioned its validity, even though the perpetrator
of the hoax was probably one of the most inept frauds in history – José E. Marco.

The forgeries of José E. Marco were extremely crude, almost childish in execution and full of absurd
stories, anachronisms, contradictions and errors. Marco’s career as a phoney historian apparently
began in 1912 while he was working for the post office in Negros Occidental. He published a
Historical Review of the Island of Negros in the Spanish language journal, Renacimiento Filipino
(Filipino Renaissance) where he cited several unknown authors and mentioned meaningless pre-
colonial dates, which he did not connect to any particular events or calendars. These idiosyncrasies
would become Marco’s trademark for every one of his alleged discoveries in the following 50 years.

At the time, Marco’s essay was not particularly remarkable but it would later become significant for
what was not in it. Marco didn’t mention any lawmaker by the name of Kalantiaw and one of the
footnotes even said that there were no lords or kings in the pre-colonial Philippines, and that crimes
went unpunished. This may have slipped his mind when, years later, he told the famous
anthropologist, H. Otley Beyer, that his father had discovered the Kalantiaw documents in 1899 while
looting the convent in Himamaylan, Negros – 13 years before he wrote his essay in 1912. Marco
changed his story, though, when the University of Chicago requested details of his discoveries in
1954. He said that an old cook, not his father, had stolen the documents and then sold them to Marco
in 1913.
In 1912, Marco also donated to the Philippine Library and Museum some ancient documents written
in baybayin script on three sheets of tree bark. Marco told a schoolteacher named Luther Parker that
he had found them wrapped in wax inside the horns of a wooden six-legged bull-shaped idol in a
cave near La Castellana, Negros Occidental. Parker visited the cave a few weeks later in December
1912 and found that the only bull there was the story itself. Yet, according to a Philippine Library
bulletin in September the following year, these were “the greatest literary find ever made in the
Philippine Islands.”

Kalantiaw “discovered”

Marco made his biggest splash in academics in 1914 when he delivered five manuscripts to the
Philippine Library. Over 800 pages were forged in total, which would have been an astounding feat
except that they were literally scrawled with hardly any effort to make the writing look authentic or to
make the information consistent with known history – or even with common sense. Nevertheless, the
director of the library, Dr. James A. Robertson, received the documents and called them “important
additions” to their collection and he referred to Marco as “a good friend to the institution.”

Among the documents was Marco’s magnum opus of forgeries, Las Antiguas Leyendes de la Isla de
Negros (The Ancient Legends of the Island of Negros). The book, which alone was over 600 pages in
two leather bound volumes, was dedicated to the king of Spain in August 1839 – a period when Spain
had no king. Leyendes was the book that gave us the myth of DatuKalantiaw and his list of bizarre
and sadistic laws that included Spanish -derived words like oras almost a full century before any
Spaniard had set foot in the Philippines.

A reign of error

So little is known about Marco today that it’s hard to tell if his mistakes were due to stupidity, laziness
or just plain contempt for the experts who eagerly accepted his forgeries – or perhaps he really
believed what he wrote. His blunders are too numerous to mention them all here, but some were
absolute whoppers. Here are a few:

The oldest document that Marco allegedly discovered was supposedly written in the year 1137,
yet it mentioned that Kalantiaw had built a fort on Negros in 1433!
A pre-colonial Visayan document, written in 1489, contained the Spanish words viernes (Friday)
and régulo (petty king)” and it mentioned;
King Charles V who was not born until 1500. It is highly unlikely that anyone in the Philippines
had met a Spaniard by that time, much less learned his language;
A Spanish document said to be written in 1577 mentioned trade relations with Indonesia even
though that name for the archipelago was not coined until 1877.
Then, there was the 1572 map of Negros that showed the location of three churches at a time
when there were no churches or even a single priest on the island.
The same map showed distances measured in leagues that were equal to kilometres – even
though the kilometre was not invented until 1799 (a detail found in several Marco forgeries).
 Marco’s pre-colonial calendars had a seven-day week just like in Europe, though early authentic
Spanish accounts reported that Filipinos had no such thing.
One comment about one of the calendars, supposedly written in 1837, used the word microbe,
which was not coined until 1878.
The calendars also featured pre-colonial baybayin writing, which, like all of Marco’s discoveries,
was obviously written by someone who spoke Spanish and did not understand the baybayin
script because the words followed Spanish spelling rules.

The historian E.D. Hester wrote to Marco in 1954 and pressed him to explain the contradictions in one
of his latest alleged discoveries. Marco wrote back and said that he was not familiar with the historical
details of the book in question and, like Hester; he could not understand its author’s confusion, either.
Apparently Marco tried to buy Hester’s silence on the matter by enclosing a gift of four extremely rare
and valuable wartime postage stamps. But this didn’t fool Hester because he had worked in the very
government department that had issued the special stamps and he knew at a glance that Marco’s
stamps were worthless fakes. Marco’s interests were not restricted to ancient history. The historian
John Schumacher exposed about 40 Marco forgeries related to or attributed to Jose Burgos, one of
the three priests, now national heroes, who were martyred in 1872. These included an 1873 account
of the Burgos trial and the novel La Loba Negra, which Burgos himself had supposedly written in
1869. Schumacher was able to produce side-by-side comparisons of Burgos’ authentic signature and
handwriting with the sloppy penmanship and poor Spanish of Jose Marco. Schumacher also revealed
the same kinds of absurd anachronisms that the historian W.H. Scott had found in his examination of
Marco's pre-colonial fakes. He too noted that the alleged Burgos documents also had distances
stated in leagues that were equal to kilometres.

These are only a few of the innumerable hoaxes in Marco's 50-year career as a fraud and many more
are bound to be uncovered.

A life of mystery

The life story of Jose E. Marco is as vexing as any of his untold number of hoaxes. He was born in
the town of Marayo, Negros, which is now Pontevedra, but exactly when he was born is not so
certain. Three years after his death in 1963, his widow, Concepcion Abad Marco, said he was born on
September 19, 1866, which meant he lived to the age of 97. However, his obituary in the Manila
Times in October ‘63 said he was 86 years old when he died, which would have put his birth in 1877.

Marco himself said he was born in 1886 when he supplied biographical details to the Philippine
Studies Program at the University of Chicago in 1954 – but, of course, Marco was a compulsive
fibber. He also told them that he had graduated from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1898 with the
degree of BachillerenLetras y Artes and then went on to take “special courses in agriculture and
industrial chemistry” at the University of Santo Tomas. Neither institution has Marco’s name in their
records. One would think the Ateneo, at least, would have some record of a 12-year-old boy with a
bachelor’s degree! Curiously, the 1913 bulletin that announced his first contribution to the National
Library said that Marco “was educated in American schools.”

After his mysterious education, Marco claimed he was, and perhaps he really was, a teacher from
1903 to 1910, a postmaster from 1911 to 1920, the secretary of a lending library in 1914, and an
interpreter/clerk of court in Bacolod from 1920 to 1929. At some point he was also the president of a
stamp-collecting group called La Sociedad Filatélica de las Islas Filipinas.

Jose Marco continued to supply scholars with hundreds of additional pages of forgeries until his
death. As the years went by, though, the scholars grew suspicious and eventually they were just
annoyed by his obvious lies. In 1953 he produced what he must have thought was a masterpiece, the
295-page, Recopilaciones histórico-médico-sociales, of 1830. He only managed to get 10 pesos for it
from the National Library. The director of the library, Carlos Quirino, wrote on the title page, “I strongly
doubt the authenticity of this [manuscript].” Researchers and journalists subsequently ignored the
book.

All the false history that Marco had spent a lifetime to fabricate was thoroughly debunked just a few
years after he died but his greatest hoax, DatuKalantiaw, still has believers today who will likely
defend the authenticity of their imaginary hero until their final breath.

The lesson from the forgeries of Jose Marco can be determined by the authenticity, credibility, and
provenance of the primary sources which is very significant and relatively essential.

The Incredible Code of Kalantiaw

Throughout the latter half of the 20th century Filipino students were taught about the vicious and
bizarre laws that were said to have been enacted by one Datu Kalantiaw in the year 1433 on the
island of Panay. Many of his commandments contradicted one and other and his punishments were
extremely brutal, usually having no relation to the severity of the crime committed. Offences to the
law ranged from as light as singing at night to as grave as murder. Those convicted supposedly were
made slaves, beaten, lashed, stoned, had fingers cut off, were exposed to ants, drowned, burned,
boiled, chopped to pieces or fed to crocodiles.

Scott focused his investigation by tracing the original source of every single reference to the pre-
Hispanic history of the Philippines in the four standard college text books in use at that time. He
examined the original documents and searched archives and museums the world over for supporting
documents and artifacts. He questioned the top historians of the day about their sources of
information. He interviewed the friends and colleagues of Jose E. Marco and he examined their
correspondence with him. In the matter of Kalantiaw, all the information was traced back to a single
source; José E. Marco. Scott summarized the results of his painstaking investigation in just two
sentences:

The José E. Marco contributions to Philippine historiography… appear to be deliberate fabrications

with no historic validity. There is therefore no present evidence that any Filipino ruler by the name of
Kalantiaw ever existed or that the Kalantiaw penal code is any older than 1914. Scott successfully
defended his thesis before a panel of eminent Filipino historians, some of whom had formerly
endorsed many of the facts of Philippine history that he had proved false. The panel included
TeodoroAgoncillo, Horacio de la Costa, Marcelino Forondo, Mercedes Grau Santamaria, Nicholas
Zafra and Gregorio Zaide. Scott's meticulous research was published in 1968 in his book Prehispanic
Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History and since then no historian has contested his
conclusions.

Today some people still cite the courage and wisdom of Kalantiaw as they continue to heap
accolades upon him and the oblivious recipients of those Kalantiaw awards. However, a sober look at
the Kalantiaw Code reveals that his magnificent courage was merely brutality and his exalted wisdom
was in fact incredible insanity. Kalantiaw defenders insist that his legend must be true simply because
he has always inspired them as a part of their heritage. But while they portray such a maniac as a
Filipino hero, they disregard what gross slander they lay on the character of all Filipinos. Fortunately,
the people of the Philippines need never bear this shame because Kalantiaw never really existed.
Source: ©1998&February2002byPaulMorrow

Name:__________________________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

ACTIVITY

Directions: Read the following questions carefully and write your answer on the space provided after
the question.
ARGUMENT:

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

By providing facts, present your argument in the question;” Are you in FAVOR or AGAINST the
statement that Code of Kalantiaw has “no valid historical basis? “Favor means you Agree that the
Code of Kalantiaw have NO historical basis for authenticity & credibility; Against: you Disagree that
the Code of Kalantiaw have NO historical basis for authenticity & credibility; Minimum of twenty (20)
sentences for this question.

OUTPUT(RESULT)

Submit your output in hard copy at the designated pick-up points or soft copy @

evacastro88@yahoo.com/ for Mrs. Evangeline O. Castro

mareginaellezo@gmail.com/ for Ms. Regina Ellezo

jotherese1228@gmail.com for Engr, Maria Teresa M. Maldonado

jgonzales0221@gmail.com for Ms. Joan H. Gonzales

anthonyjay.ilag1@gmail.com for Mr. Anthony Jay Ilag

Name: __________________________________________ Date Accomplished: ____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

 EVALUATION

DIRECTION: Read the questions carefully and select the BEST answer.
 1. He is the historian who observed the Igorots people of the Cordillera
region.

a. William Shakespearec. Henry William

1._______
b. William Henry Scottd. Scott Henry

1. Who made a biggest splash in academics in 1914 when he delivered five

manuscripts to the Philippine library?

a. Marco Robertsonc. Jose E. Marco

2._______
b. James Robertsond. Jose Rizal

1. A province where the historian JosueSoncuya moved the location of

Negros’ Codes origin.

a. Panayc. Batangas
3._______
b. Siargaod. Manila

1. Through a resolution number 12, series of 2004, this code was declared by
the National Historical Institute.

a. Code of Habeas Corpusc. Code of Hammurabi

4._______
b. Code of Kalantiaod. Code of Conduct

1. In what year that the declaring of the “Code has No Valid Historical Basis”?

a. 2014c. 1984
5._______
b.1994d. 2004

1. In what year that Marco donated to the Philippine Library and Museum
some ancient documents written in Baybayin script on the three sheets of
tree barks?

a. 1912c. 1932 6._______

b. 1922d. 1942

1. He received the five manuscripts documents and referred Marco “a good

friend to the institution”.

a. Dr. James Robertc. Dr. Jam Robertson

7._______
b. Dr. James Robd. Dr. James Robertson

1. The year supposedly written the oldest document that Marco allegedly
discovered.

a. 1137c. 1337
8._______
b. 1237d. 1437

1. The historian who wrote to Marco and pressed him to explain the
contradictions in one of his latest alleged discovered.

a. F.E. Hesterc. E.D. Hester

9._______
b. G.H. Hesterd. E.J. Hester

1. He is said to be the first lawmaker who have been enacted in the year 1433
on the island of Panay.

a. Datu Putic. Datu Lapu Lapu

10.______
b. Datu Kalantiawd. Datu Soliman

Rubrics:
 ASSESSMENT
DESCRIPTION

Answers 9 – 10 questions correctly

Proficient Level

Answers 6 – 8 questions correctly

Developing Level

Answers 3 – 5 questions correctly

Beginning Level

Answers 2 – 1 questions correctly

Emerging Level

0 or none of the questions are answered correctly

Counseling Level

MODULE

Lesson 3

FIRST Semester, AY 2020-2021

 COURSE CODE/TITLE:GE 102/Readings in Philippine History
SUBJECT MATTER

Topics Time - Frame

Content & Contextual Analysis of Primary

sources
6 hrs.
Introduction to Content & Contextual Analysis of
selected primary sources

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course you should be able to:

1. Analyze the context & content perspective of different kinds of primary sources.

ENGAGEMENT

Compare and Contrast the word content and context. Write your insights in the Venn Diagram.
 The Content & Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources

What is Content Analysis?

What is contextual analysis?
What is the difference between content and contextual analysis?

Content is the material/matter/medium contained within the work that's available for audience.

Context is the positioning of the content, storyline or purpose that provides value to the audience
/reader

Name:__________________________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

ACTIVITY

Directions: Differentiate content analysis from context analysis using the table given below.
 Content Analysis
Context Analysis

OUTPUT (RESULT)
Submit your output in hard copy at the designated pick-up points or soft copy @

evacastro88@yahoo.com/ for Mrs. Evangeline O. Castro

mareginaellezo@gmail.com/ for Ms. Regina Ellezo

jotherese1228@gmail.com for Engr, Maria Teresa M. Maldonado

jgonzales0221@gmail.com for Ms. Joan H. Gonzales

anthonyjay.ilag1@gmail.com for Mr. Anthony Jay Ilag

Name: __________________________________________ Date Accomplished: ____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

EVALUATION

Directions: Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the correct
answer.
Rubrics:

DESCRIPTION SCORE ASSESSMENT

There are no mechanic issues and all the

answers are legible 9 – 10 MASTERY

There 1 – 2 mechanic issues and the answer

is legible 6–8 PROFICIENT

There are 3 or more mechanic errors and

some of the answers are not legible. 3–5 DEVELOPING

There are mechanic errors and the answer is

not legible 0-2 NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

MODULE

Lesson 4

FIRST Semester, AY 2020-2021

COURSES:GE 102/Readings in Philippine History

SUBJECT MATTER
 Topics Time - Frame

Antonio Pigafetta’s-First Voyage Around the

World
Identification of the historical importance of
6 hrs.
the text
Examination of author’s argument & point of
view

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course you should be able to:

1. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding history.

ENGAGEMENT

Guess the word being emphasized in the rebus puzzle below:

 

+ age =

+ tan =

=
Ma + +

Antonio Pigafetta-First Voyage Around the World

This manuscript volume, dating from around 1525, details Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the
world in 1519-22. The work is attributed to Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar who was born in
Vincenza, Italy, around 1490 and who accompanied Magellan on the voyage. Pigafetta kept a detailed
journal, the original of which is lost. However, an account of the voyage, written by Pigafetta between
1522 and 1525, survives in four manuscript versions: one in Italian and three in French. This version,
in French, is from the library of Yale University, and is the most complete and handsomely produced
of the four surviving manuscripts. It includes 23 beautifully drawn and illuminated maps. Pigafetta’s
work is important not only as a source of information about the voyage itself, but also includes an
early Western description of the people and languages of the Philippines. Of the approximately 240
men who set out with Magellan, Pigafetta was one of only 18 who returned to Spain. Magellan
himself was killed, on April 27, 1521, in a battle on Mactan Island, the Philippines, which Pigafetta
witnessed and recounts in this work.

Beginning in 15th century, European monarchies had achieved a high degree of national unification
brought about by powers of European in almost all continents of the world. Europeans wanted to
take possessions of the fabulous riches of land outside Europe particularly gold, pepper, ivory and
even African slaves. When Ferdinand Magellan, a veteran Portuguese returned from the Spice island
of Moluccas, he approached the Portuguese king with the proposal to seek for a westward route from
Portugal to the rich island of of spices. The King however did not take advantage of the offer made by
Magellan.

Dissatisfied with the decision of King Manuel of Portugal, Magellan volunteered his services to the
King of Spain. The Spain provided him with a fleet of five ships together with Antonio Pigafetta’s
chronicler of the expedition.

Who is Antonio Pigafetta?

Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
Journey to Ladrones Island( Northern Mariana Islands and Guam are separate territories of the
United States in the same island chain, but they are considered part of the Micronesia island region).

These people live in liberty and according to their will, for they have no lord or superior; they go quite
naked, and some of them wear beards, and have their hair down to the waist. They wear small hats,
after the fashion of the Albanians; these hats are made of palm leaves. The people are as tall as us,
and well made: they adore nothing, and when they are born they are white, later they become brown,
and have their teeth black and red. The women also go naked, except that they cover their nature with
a thin bark, pliable like paper, which grows between the tree and the bark of the palm. They are
beautiful and delicate, and whiter than the men, and have their hair loose and flowing, very black and
long, down to the earth. They do not go to work in the fields, nor stir from their houses, making cloth
and baskets of palm leaves. Their provisions are certain fruits named Cochi, Battate; there are birds,
figs a palm long, sweet canes, and flying fish. The women anoint their bodies and their hair with oil of
cocho and giongioli (sesame). Their houses are constructed of wood, covered with planks, with fig
leaves, which are two ells in length: they have only one floor: their rooms and beds are furnished with
mats,which we call matting, which are made of palm leaves, and are very beautiful, and they lie down
on palm straw, which is soft and fine. These people have no arms, but use sticks, which have a fish
bone at the end. They are poor, but ingenious, and great thieves, and for the sake of that we called
these three islands the Ladrones Islands. The pastime of the men and the women of this place, and
their diversion, is to go with their little boats to catch those fish which fly, with hooks made of fish
bones. The pattern of their small boats is painted here-after, they are like the fuseleres, but narrower.
Some of them black and white, and others red. On the opposite side to the sail, they have a large
piece of wood, pointed above, with poles across, which are in the water, in order to go more securely
under sail: their sails are of palm leaves, sewed together, and of the shovels, and there is no
difference between the poop and the prow in these boats, and they are like dolphins bounding from
wave to wave. These thieves thought, according to the signs they made, that there were no other men
in the world besides them.

Saturday, the 16th of March, 1521, we arrived at daybreak in sight of a high island, three hundred
leagues distant from the before-mentioned Thieves' island. This isle is named Zamal. The next day
the captain-general wished to land at another uninhabited island near the first,to be in greater security
and to take water, also to repose there a few days. He set up there two tents on shore for the sick,
and had a sow killed for them.
Monday, the 18th of March, after dinner, we saw a boat come towards us with nine men in it: upon
which the captain-general ordered that no one should move or speak without his permission. When
these people had come into this island towards us, immediately the principal one amongst them went
towards the captain-general with demonstrations of being very joyous at our arrival. Five of the most
showy of them remained with us, the others who remained with the boat went to call some men who
were fishing, and afterwards all of them came together. The captain seeing that these people were
reasonable,ordered food and drink to be given them, and he gave them some red caps, looking
glasses, combs, bells, ivory, and other things. When these people saw the politeness of the captain,
they presented some fish, and a vessel of palm wine, which they call in their language Uraca; figs
more than a foot long, and others smaller and of a better savour, and two cochos. At that time they
had nothing to give him, and they made signs to us with their hands that in four days they would bring
us Umai, which is rice, cocos, and many other victuals.
To explain the kind of fruits above-named it must be known that the one which they call cochi, is the
fruit which the palm trees bear. And as we have bread, wine, oil, and vinegar, proceeding from
different kinds, so these people have those things proceeding from these palm trees only. It must be
said that wine proceeds from the said palm trees in the following manner. They make a hole at the
summit of the tree as far as its heart, which is named palmito, from which a liquor comes out in drops
down the tree, like white must, which is sweet, but with somewhat of bitter. They have canes as thick
as the leg, in which they draw off this liquor, and they fasten them to the tree from the evening till next
morning, and from the morning to the evening, because this liquor comes little by little. This palm
produces a fruit named cocho, which is as large as the head, or thereabouts: its first husk is green,
and two fingers in thickness, in it they find certain threads, with which they make the cords for
fastening their boats. Under this husk there is another very hard, and thicker than that of a walnut.

They burn this second rind, and make with it a powder which is useful to them. Under this rind there is
a white marrow of a finger's thickness, which they eat fresh with meat and fish, as we do bread, and
it has the taste of an almond, and if anyone dried it he might make bread of it. From the middle of
this marrow there comes out a clear sweet water, and very cordial, which, when it has rested a little,
and settled, congeals and becomes like an apple.When they wish to make oil they take this fruit, the
coco, and let it get rotten, and they corrupt this marrow in the water, then they boil it, and it becomes
oil in the manner of butter. When they want to make vinegar, they let the water in the cocoa-nut get
bad, and they put it in the sun, when it turns to vinegar like white wine. From this fruit milk also can be
made, as we experienced, for we scraped this marrow and then put it with its water, and passed it
through a cloth, and thus it was milk like that of goats. This kind of palm tree is like the date-palm, but
not so rugged. Two of these trees can maintain a family of ten persons: but they do not draw wine as
above-mentioned always from one tree, but draw from one for eight days, and from the other as long.
These people became very familiar and friendly with us, and explained many things to us in their
language, and told us the names of some islands which we saw with our eyes before us. *The island
where they dwelt is called Zuluam, and it is not large.As they were sufficiently agreeable and
conversible we had great pleasure with them. The captain seeing that they were of this good
condition, to do them greater honour conducted them to the ship, and showed them all his goods, that
is to say, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace,gold and all that was in the ship. He also
had some shots fired with his artillery, at which they were so much afraid that they wished to jump
from the ship into the sea. They made signs that the things which the captain had shown them grew
there where we were going. When they wished to leave us they took leave of the captain and of us
with very good manners an gracefulness, promising us to come back to see us. The island we were
at was named Humunu; nevertheless because we found there two springs of very fresh water we
named it the Watering Place of good signs,and because we found here the first signs of gold. There
is much white coral to be found here, and large trees which bear fruit smaller than an almond, and
which are like pines. There were also many palm trees both good and bad. In this place there were
many circumjacent islands, on which account we named them the archipelago of St. Lazarus,
because we stayed there on the day and feast of St. Lazarus. This region and archipelago is in
ten degrees north latitude, and a hundred and sixty-one degrees longitude from the line of
demarcation.
Friday, the 22nd of March, the above-mentioned people, who had promised us to return, came
about midday, with two boats laden with the said fruit cochi, sweet oranges, a vessel of palm wine,
and a cock, to give us to understand that they had poultry in their country, so that we bought all that
they brought. The lord of these people was old, and had his face painted, and had gold rings
suspended to his ears,

which they name Schione, and the others had many bracelets and rings of gold on their arms, with a
wrapper of linen round their head. We remained at this place eight days: the captain went there every
day to see his sick men, whom he had placed on this island to refresh them: and he gave them
himself every day the water of this said fruit the cocho, which comforted them much. Near this isle is
another where there are kinds of people who wear holes in their ears so large that they can pass
their arms through them; these people are Caphre, that is to say, Gentiles, and they go naked,
except that round their middles they wear cloth made of the bark of trees. But there are some
of the more remarkable of them who wear cotton stuff, and at the end of it there is some work
of silk done with a needle. These people are tawny, fat, and painted, and they anoint
themselves with the oil of coco nuts and sesame to preserve them from the sun and the wind.
Their hair is very black and long, reaching to the waist, and they carry sm,l daggers and
knives, ornamented with gold, and many other things, such as darts, harpoons, and nets to
fish, like........., and their boats are like ours.

The Monday of Passion week, the 25th of March, and feast of our Lady, in the afternoon, and being
ready to depart from this place, I went to the side of our ship to fish, and putting my feet on a spar to
go down to the store room, my feet slipped, because it had rained, and I fell into the sea without any
one.

seeing me, and being near drowning by luck I found at my left hand the sheet of the large sail which
was in the sea, I caught hold of it and began to cry out till they came to help and pick me up with the
boat. I was assisted not by my merits, but by the mercy and grace of the fountain of pity. That same
day we took the course between west and southwest, and passed amidst four small islands, that is to
say, Cenalo, Huinanghar, Ibusson, and Abarien.
Thursday, the 28th of March, having seen the night before fire upon an island, at the morning we
came to anchor at this island; where we saw a small boat which they call Boloto, with eight men
inside, which approached the ship of the captain-general. Then a slave of the captain's, who was
from Sumatra, otherwise named Traprobana, spoke from afar to these people, who understood his
talk, and came near to the side of the ship, but they withdrew immediately, and would not enter the
ship from fear of us. So the captain seeing that they would not trust to us showed them a red cap,
and other things, which he had tied and placed on a little plank, and the people in the boat took them
immediately and joyously, and then returned to advise their king. Two hours afterwards, or
thereabouts, we saw come two long boats, which they call Ballanghai, full of men. In the largest of
them was their king sitting under an awning of mats; when they were near the ship of the captain-
general, the said slave spoke to the king, who understood him well, because in these countries the
kings know more languages than the common people. Then the king ordered some of his people to
go to the captain's ship, whilst he would not move from his boat, which was near enough to us. This
was done, and when his people returned to the boat, he went away at once. The captain gave good
entertainment to the men who came to his ship, and gave them all sorts of things, on which account
the king wished to give the captain a rather large bar of solid gold, and a chest full of ginger.
However, the captain thanked him very much but would not accept the present. After that, when it was
late, we went with the ships near to the houses and abode of the king.
The next day which was Good Friday, the captain sent on shore the before-mentioned slave, who
was our interpreter, to the king to beg him to give him for money some provisions for his ships,
sending him word that he had not come to his country as an enemy, but as a friend. The king on
hearing this came with seven or eight men in a boat, and entered the ship, and embraced the captain,
and gave him three china dishes covered with leaves full of rice, and two dorades, which are rather
large fish, and of the sort above-mentioned, and he gave him several other things. The captain gave
this king a robe of red and yellow cloth, made in the Turkish fashion, and a very fine red cap, and to
his people he gave to some of them knives, and to others mirrors. After that refreshments were
served up to them. The captain told the king, through the said interpreter, that he wished to be with
him, cassi cassi, that is to say, brothers. To which the king answered that he desired to be the same
towards him. After that the captain showed him cloths of different colours, linen, coral, and much
other merchandise, and all the artillery, of which he had some pieces fired before him, at which the
king was much astonished; after that the captain had one of his soldiers armed with white armour,
and placed him in the midst of three comrades, who struck him with swords and daggers. The king
thought this very strange, and the captain told him, through the interpreter, that a man thus in white
armour was worth a hundred of his men; he answered that it was true; he was further informed that
there were in each ship two hundred like that man. After that the captain showed him a great number
of swords, cuirasses, and helmets, and made two of the men play with their swords before the king;
he then showed him the sea chart and the ship compass, and informed him how he had found the
strait to come there, and of the time which he had spent in coming; also of the time he had been
without seeing any land, at which the king was astonished. At the end the captain asked if he would
be pleased that two of his people should go with him to the places where they lived, to see some of
the things of his country. This the king granted, and I went with another.

When I had landed, the king raised his hands to the sky, and turned to us two, and we did the same
as he did; after that he took me by the hand, and one of his principal people took my companion, and
led us under a place covered with canes, where there was a ballanghai, that is to say, a boat, eighty
feet long or thereabouts, resembling a fusta. We sat with the king upon its poop, always conversing
with him by signs, and his people stood up around us, with their swords, spears, and bucklers. Then
the king ordered to be brought a dish of pig's flesh and wine.Their fashion of drinking is in this wise,
they first raise their hands to heaven, then take the drinking vessel in their right hand, and extend the
left hand closed towards the people. This the king did, and presented to me his fist, so that I thought
that he wanted to strike me; I did the same thing towards him; so with this ceremony, and other signs
of friendship, we banqueted, and afterwards supped with him.

I ate flesh on Good Friday, not being able to do otherwise, and before the hour of supper, I gave
several things to the king, which I had brought. There I wrote down several things as they name them
in their language, and when the king and the others saw me write, and I told them their manner of
speech, they were all astonished. When the hour for supper had come, they brought two large china
dishes, of which one was full of rice, and the other of pig's flesh, with its broth and sauce. We supped
with the same signs and ceremonies, and then went to the king's palace, which was made and built
like a hay grange, covered with fig and palm leaves. It was built on great timbers high above the
ground, and it was necessary to go up steps and ladders to it. Then the king made us sit on a cane
mat, with our legs doubled as was the custom; after half an hour there was brought a dish of fish
roast in pieces, and ginger fresh gathered that moment, and some wine. The eldest son of the king,
who was the prince, came where we were, and the king told him to sit down near us, which he did;
then two dishes were brought, one of fish, with its sauce, and the other of rice, and this was done for
us to eat with the prince. My companion enjoyed the food and drink so much that he got drunk. They
use for candles or torches the gum of a tree which is named Animé, wrapped up in leaves of palms
or fig trees. The king made a sign that he wished to go to rest, and left with us the prince, with whom
we slept on a cane mat, with some cushions and pillows of leaves. Next morning the king came and
took me by the hand, and so we went to the place where we had supped, to breakfast, but the boat
came to fetch us. The king, before we went away, was very gay, and kissed our hands, and we kissed
his. There came with us a brother of his, the king of another island, accompanied by three men. The
captain-general detained him to dine with us, and we gave him several things.

In the island belonging to the king who came to the ship there are mines of gold, which they find in
pieces as big as a walnut or an egg, by seeking in the ground. All the vessels which he makes use of
are made of it, and also some parts of his house, which was well fitted up according to the custom of
the country, and he was the handsomest man that we saw among these nations. He had very black
hair coming down to his shoulders, with a silk cloth on his head, and two large gold rings hanging
from his ears, he had a cloth of cotton worked with silk, which covered him from the waist to the
knees, at his side he wore a dagger, with a long handle which was all of gold, its sheath was of
carved wood. Besides he carried upon him scents of storax and benzoin. He was tawny and painted
all over. The island of this king is named Zuluan and Calagan, and when these two kings wish to visit
one another they come to hunt in this island where we were. Of these kings the painted king is called
Raia Calambu, and the other Raia Siani.

On Sunday, the last day of March, and feast of Easter, the captain sent the chaplain ashore early
to say mass, and the interpreter went with him to tell the king that they were not coming on shore to
dine with him, but only to hear the mass. The king hearing that sent two dead pigs. When it was time
for saying mass the captain went ashore with fifty men, not with their arms, but only with their swords,
and dressed as well as each one was able to dress, and before the boats reached the shore our
ships fired six cannon shots as a sign of peace. At our landing the two kings were there, and received
our captain in a friendly manner, and placed him between them, and then we went to the place
prepared for saying mass, which was not far from the shore.
Before the mass began the captain threw a quantity of musk rose water on those two kings, and
when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings went to kiss the cross like us, but they offered
nothing, and at the elevation of the body of our Lord they were kneeling like us, and adored our Lord
with joined hands. The ships fired all their artillery at the elevation of the body of our Lord. After mass
had been said each one did the duty of a Christian, receiving our Lord. After that the captain had
some sword-play by his people, which gave great pleasure to the kings. Then he had a cross brought,
with the nails and crown, to which the kings made reverence, and the captain had them told that
these things which he showed them were the sign of the emperor his lord and master, from whom he
had charge and commandment to place it in all places where he might go or pass by. He told them
that he wished to place it in their country for their profit, because if there came afterwards any ships
from Spain to those islands, on seeing this cross, they would know that we had been there, and
therefore they would not cause them any displeasure to their persons nor their goods; and if they
took any of their people, on showing them this sign, they would at once let them go. Besides this, the
captain told them that it was necessary that this cross should be placed on the summit of the highest
mountain in their country, so that seeing it every day they might adore it, and that if they did thus,
neither thunder, lightning, nor the tempest could do them hurt.

The kings thanked the captain, and said they would do it willingly. Then he asked whether they were
Moors or Gentiles, and in what they believed. They answered that they did not perform any other
adoration, but only joined their hands, looking up to heaven, and that they called their God, Aba.
Hearing this, the captain was very joyful, on seeing that, the first king raised his hands to the sky and
said that he wished it were possible for him to be able to show the affection which he felt towards him.
The interpreter asked him for what reason there was so little to eat in that place, to which the king
replied that he did not reside in that place except when he came to hunt and to see his brother, but
that he lived in another island where he had all his family. Then the captain asked him if he had any
enemies who made war upon him, and that if he had any he would go and defeat them with his men
and ships, to put them under his obedience. The king thanked him, and answered that there were two
islands the inhabitants of which were his enemies; however, that for the present it was not the time to
attack them. The captain therefore said to him that if God permitted him to return another time to this
country, he would bring so many men that he would put them by force under his obedience. Then he
bade the interpreter tell them that he was going away to dine, and after that he would return to place
the cross on the summit of the mountain. The two kings said they were content, and on that they
embraced the captain, and he separated from them.

In this island there are several towns, each of which has its principal men or chiefs. Here are the
names of the towns and their chiefs:—

Cingapola: its chiefs are Cilaton, Ciguibucan, Cimaninga, Cimaticat, Cicanbul.

Mandani: its chief is Aponoaan.

Lalan: its chief is Teten.

Lalutan: its chief is Japau.

Lubucin: its chief is Cilumai.

All these countries were in obedience to us, and paid a kind of tribute.

Near to Zubu (Cebu) there is, as we said, the island of Matan, (Mactan) the most considerable town
of which is called Matan, and its chiefs are Zula and Cilapulapu. The village, which we burned on
the occasion of the fatal battle, is named Bulaia.

This part of the island called Chipit is the same land as Butuan and Calagan, it passes above
Bohol, and borders on Massava. Its port is good enough; it is in 8° N. latitude, and 167° of longitude
from the line of demarcation; it is fifty leagues distance from Zubu. Towards the North-west is the
island of Lozon, which is at two days' distance; a large island, to which come to trade every year six
or eight junks of the people called Lequii . On leaving this place, and taking our course between west
and south-west, we touched at an almost uninhabited island, which afterwards we learned was
named Cagayan. The few people there are Moors, who have been banished from an island called
Burné.They go naked like the others, and carry blow-pipes with small quivers at their sides full of
arrows, and a herb with which they poison them. They have daggers, with hilts adorned with gold and
precious stones, lances, bucklers, and small cuirasses of buffaloes' hide. These people took us for
something Divine or holy. There are some very large trees in this island, but little victuals. It is in 7° 30'
North latitude, and forty-three leagues from Chipit.

Ancient Filipino weapons and armor similar to what Lapu-Lapu and his men used in the Battle of
Mactan, as described by Pigafetta.

IMAGE Wikimedia Commons

Magellan’s Death

According to Pigafetta, it was not Lapu-Lapu who slayed Ferdinand Magellan, but many natives—
probably battle-hardened, evidenced by their proficiency with spears and very large bolos. This was
something that Magellan and his company did not expect.

“Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice,
but he always stood firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more
than one hour, refusing to retire farther?”

Continuing our voyage we changed our course to between West and North-west, and after running
twenty-five leagues, we arrived at a large island, which we found well provided with victuals, and it
was great good fortune for us since we were so reduced by hunger and so badly supplied, that we
were several times on the point of abandoning the ships, and establishing ourselves on some land, in
order to live. In this island, which we learned was named Palaoan, we found pigs, goats, fowls, yams,
bananas of various kinds, some of which are half a cubit long, and as thick as the arm, others are
only a span long, and others are still smaller, and these are the best; they have cocoa nuts, sugar
canes, and certain roots like turnips. They cook rice under the fire in bamboo canes, or wooden
vessels, and it keeps longer than that cooked in earthen pots. They draw from the rice with a kind of
alembic a wine that is better and stronger than the palm wine. In short we found this island to be a
promised land.

The Victoria, the only ship that survived Magellan's voyage

“One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar, only being
larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with
iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort,
and our true guide.”

“When they saw their houses burning, they were roused to greater fury,” described Pigafetta’s. “Two
of our men were killed near the houses, while we burned twenty or thirty houses. So many of them
charged down upon us that they shot the captain through the right leg with a poisoned arrow.”

The wounded Magellan ordered his men to retreat more slowly, but the enraged natives were
relentless at the pursuit.
Lapu-Lapu Shrine in Mactan, Cebu Magellan’s Cross, Mactan Shrine and the Basilica
del Sto. Niño.

Name:__________________________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

ACTIVITY
Name:__________________________________________ Date Accomplished: _____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

 OUTPUT (RESULT)
Submit your output in hard copy at the designated pick-up points or soft copy @

evacastro88@yahoo.com/ for Mrs. Evangeline O. Castro

mareginaellezo@gmail.com/ for Ms. Regina Ellezo

jotherese1228@gmail.com for Engr, Maria Teresa M. Maldonado

jgonzales0221@gmail.com for Ms. Joan H. Gonzales

anthonyjay.ilag1@gmail.com for Mr. Anthony Jay Ilag

Name: __________________________________________ Date Accomplished: ____________

Course, Yr. & Sec.: _______________________________

EVALUATION

DIRECTION: Read the following questions comprehensively and write your answer in the space
provided after each question.
 a. Do you believe in the importance of the chronicle of Pigafetta? Why? Explain your answer
(minimum of 20 sentences) (20 points)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. Do you believe in the content of Pigafetta’s chronicle? Why? (20 points)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Rubrics:

DESCRIPTION SCORE ASSESSMENT

Substantial, specific, and/or illustrative content

demonstrating strong development and
sophisticated ideas. 31 – 40 OUTSTANDING

Sufficiently developed content with adequate

21 – 30 GOOD
elaboration or explanation.

Limited content with inadequate elaboration or

11 – 20 FAIR
explanation.

POOR
Superficial and/or minimal content. 0 - 10

References:

Agoncillo, Teodoro. (2012) History of the Filipino people, 8th Edition, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Pigafetta, Antonio (1969) The First Voyage Around the World. Manila. Filipiniana Book Giuild

Website Links:

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36542/36542-h/36542-h.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Kalantiaw

http://nhcp.gov.ph/about-us/board-resolutions/2004-board-resolutions/

https://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/in-other-words/395-jose-marco.html

https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=steps+in+contextual+analysis+of+selected+primarysource

https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/magellans-death-history-a00293-20190425-lfrm2

https://www.google.com/search?q=china+dishes+described+by+pigafetta&client=firefox-b-
d&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRlcq25o3rAhUOCqYKHTirBzoQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih=6
93

philippine studies

www.philippinestudies.net › journals › articles › publichttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-

d&q=images+of+lapu-
lapu+shrine&tbm=isch&chips=q:images+of+lapu+lapu+shrine,online_chips:cebu+philippines&usg=AI4_-
kTbsstKhy2f4BqyyIzE8DlHJbOt1Q&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVgLef6Y3rAhUPGaYKHbEHDIUQgIoDKAF6BAgKEAY&biw=13
66&bih=693
Prepared by:

EVANGELINE O. CASTRO,MPAMA. REGINA S. ELLEZO

Instructor IIIInstructor I

ENGR. MARIA TERESA M. MALDONADOJOAN H. GONZALES

Instructor IInstructor I

ANTHONY JAY ILAG

Instructor I

Checked by:

CAMELO A. OBVIARMENCHIE M. PASIAEVANGELINE O. CASTRO

ChairmanMemberMember

College of Computer Studies Module Editing Committee for General Education Subjects

Recommending Approval:

ROBIN V. FETALVO, Ph. D.

Dean

College of Computer Studies

Approved by:

BIBIANA JOCELYN D. CUASAY, Ph.D.

Module Editing Chair

AQUILINO D. ARELLANO, Ph.D., Ed.D

VP, Academic Affairs

Noted by:

MARIO CARMELO A. PESA, CPA

College Administrator

There are secondary sources that can be considered as tertiary source, it

depends or vary upon the discipline or context.
SIMILARITIESCONTEXTCONTENT

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSISA BLANK helps us to assess text within the context of its BLANK an
cultural BLANK, and its BLANK (the qualities that characterize the text as a text). It combines of
BLANK analysis with features of “cultural BLANK,” (the systematic study of social, political,
economic, philosophical, religious, and BLANK conditions that were in place at the time and place
when text was created.“This means BLANK the text within the BLANK of its times and assessing the
roles of author, readers and BLANK on the text.

The First Voyage around the World/Pigafetta's ACCOUNT of

Magellan's
Voyagehttps://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_First_Voyage_Round_the_World/Pigafetta%27s_Account_of_Magellan%27s_Voyage
Contextual Activity Sheet (Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage around the World)

Directions: Read the following questions comprehensively and write your answer in the space
provided after each question. Your answer should be in paragraph form using black ink. Use
additional sheets if necessary.What is the primary reason of the author writings in the First Voyage
around the World? Do you believe in the primary reason of the author? Describe your answer in a
minimum of twenty (20) sentences
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________________________________________________________________________________
_______________Where did Pigafetta write his First Voyage around the world? Support your answer
in a minimum of 20 sentences by giving the details based on his
chronicle;_________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________How are the islanders (Filipinos) way of life upon
reaching the island of Samar? Discuss your answer in minimum of twenty sentences by giving
the author’s background and clarity in the context of description (20
points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________

What were the names of kings/datus mentioned by Pigafetta? How do you describe the names
of the early Filipinos? Did Pigafetta mention in his chronicle the social status of the
datus/kings? Support your answer by stating the narration of Pigafetta in his chronicle.
(20points)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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