UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD

School of Physics
M.Sc.-2023 & I.M.Sc-2020 Batches
PY-452 & IP-452: Electromagnetic Theory-II
Problem Set: 1 (Minor Examination-1)
Due Date for Submission: 20 February 2024
Please be precise for answering correctly.
Total Marks/Grade: 20 Marks
N.B.: Symbols have their usual meaning. All the problems carry equal weightage.
Electrostatics:

• 1 A. Find the magnetic field at the center of a square loop which carries a steady current I. Let b
be the distance from the center to a side.
B. Find the magnetic field at the center of a regular n-sided polygon carrying a steady current I.
Again, let b be the distance from the center to a side.
C. Show that the magnetic field obtained for the polygon reduces to the result for a circular loop
for n → ∞.

• 2 A. Find the magnetic vector potential A at an arbitrary point ⃗

r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂ due to a circular
loop carrying a steady current I. Assume the loop be on the x − y plane, its center be at the
origin, and its radius be b.
B. Determine the magnetic field (B⃗ = Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂) from the above vector potential A. ⃗
⃗=
C. Show that for a small loop (b ≪ r), the vector potential takes the form A µ0 m×⃗
⃗ r
.
4π r 3

• 3 A. Show that the magnitude of a magnetic field B(⃗

⃗ r ) of a static case can have a local minimum,
but never a local maximum, in a source free region (where ∇ · B ⃗ = 0 and ∇ × B ⃗ = 0)1 .
B. Show that 2I [d⃗r ′ × (⃗ ⃗ r) − ⃗
r ′ · ∇)B(⃗ r ′ × (d⃗ ⃗ r )] = (m
r ′ · ∇)B(⃗ ⃗ r)
H
⃗ × ∇) × B(⃗

• 4 A. Let B(⃗
⃗ r ) be the magnetic field produced by a steady current distribution of the current
⃗
density J (⃗
r ) that lies entirely inside a spherical volume V of radius R. Show that the magnetic
3 ⃗ r )d3⃗
R
moment due to the current distribution is m ⃗ = 2µ 0 V
B(⃗ r.
B. Using the above result show that the magnetic field at ⃗r due to a point magnetic
 dipole of the
dipole moment m⃗ located at ⃗ ⃗ r ) = µ0 3(r̂·m)r̂−
r = 0 is B(⃗ ⃗ m
⃗
+ 8π ⃗ 3 (⃗
mδ r ) ∀⃗
r.
4π r3 3

• 5. Let there be a charged particle of charge q and mass m in a uniform magnetic field B
⃗ = B k̂
in 3D.
A. Write down the classical Hamiltonian for the particle with symmetric gauge.
B. Write down Newton’s equation of motion for the particle and determine the cyclotron (angular)
frequency of the particle.
C. Determine the magnetic moment of the particle due to its cyclotron motion.
D. Is the center of the cyclotron motion unique? If not, why?
E. Write down time-independent Schrödinger equation for the charged particle with Landau gauge.
Write down the energy eigenvalues and their degeneracies for this particle. What is the symmetry
behind this degeneracy? Is it possible to get a degeneracy for a 1-D problem?

1
Refer to Thomson’s theorem for magnetostatics.