Editor’s Note ..................................................................................................................................................

Analytical Essays ............................................................................................................................................3

om
Palestine Crisis .................................................................................................................................................................. 4

l.c
ai
Deportation of illegal Afghan residents .................................................................................................................. 8

gm
@
Resurgence of Militancy / Terrorism .................................................................................................................... 14
e
in

Military courts ................................................................................................................................................................ 19

az
ag

Economic turmoil .......................................................................................................................................................... 23

m
er

Climate challenges ........................................................................................................................................................ 29

k on

Ant-polio campaign in Pakistan ............................................................................................................................... 34

ec
er

Revival of state-owned enterprises of Pakistan .............................................................................................. 38

th

Press freedom ................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Cricket reforms post World Cup debacle ........................................................................................................... 46

News excerpt ...............................................................................................................................................52

 Editor’s Note

th
er
ec
kon
er
m
ag
az
in
e@
gm
ai
l.c
om

1
 Editor’s Note

th
er
ec
kon
er
m
ag
az
in
e@
gm
ai
l.c
om

2
 Editor’s Note

th
er
ec
kon
er
m
ag
az
in
e@
gm
ai
l.c
om

3
 Editor’s Note
Welcome to the inaugural edition of
Reckoner. We are thrilled to have you join us
on this exciting journey. At Reckoner, we firmly
believe in the transformative power of
knowledge to bring about positive change in
the society. With this in mind, our team has
carefully compiled a collection of focused news
round up and thought-provoking articles to
ensure you stay informed about the latest
developments around the world.
Reckoner not only aims to inform but
also to inspire active participation in shaping a
better knowledgeable world. We encourage
you to stay curious, stay informed, and enjoy
the enriching content within our pages. We are
indeed delighted to have you on board!
Reckoner is more than just a magazine;
it is a community of curious, informed, and
dedicated individuals who are passionate

om
about staying up-to-date with the latest

l.c
Reckoner covers a wide spectrum of developments and making a positive impact in

ai
topics that shape our world today. Our the world. We warmly invite you to become an

gm
dedicated team of writers and contributors are integral part of our community.
@
passionate about delivering unbiased,
e
At Reckoner, we highly value feedback
accurate, and in-depth information and
in

from our readers. Your thoughts and opinions

az

analysis to our readers. We strive to present

ag

matter to us as we constantly strive to enhance

multiple perspectives on complex issues,
m

the quality of Reckoner. We warmly encourage

fostering critical thinking and encouraging
er

you to share your feedback and suggestions, as

on

healthy dialogue among our audience.

we are committed to continuous improvement.
k
ec

Reckoner shall primarily be focusing

er

Join the conversation on our social

onto the needs of the competitive exams’
th

media platforms, where we offer even more

aspirants. The articles have been articulated in
engaging content, updates on current affairs,
a logical and cohesive manner, and can be re-
and exclusive insights. We genuinely
produced with a little effort during exams.
appreciate hearing from our readers and
Their length (2500-3000 words) and writing
engaging in meaningful discussions.
style matches with the requirements of the
competitive examinations. All the topics have
Thank you for choosing Reckoner. Let's
been chosen from hardcore current affairs
embark on this journey together, towards a
issues.
brighter and more enlightened future. Keep

4
 Editor’s Note
reading, keep learning, and stay reckoning! So,
grab yourself a cup of coffee and immerse in
the thought-provoking world of Reckoner.

Please, don’t forget to spread the word

and share Reckoner with your friends and
family. Together, let's make knowledge
accessible to all and empower one another to
create a better tomorrow through better
awareness. Happy reading!

om
Once again, we extend our heartfelt

l.c
gratitude for choosing Reckoner.

ai
gm
Sincerely yours @
Chief Editor
e
in
az
ag
m
er
k on
ec
er
th

5
Analytical Essays

om
l.c
ai
gm
@
Analytical Essays
e
in
az

Thorough - Focused - To the Point

ag
m
er
kon
ec
er
th

6
 Analytical Essays
PALESTINIAN CRISIS
• Introduction. The ongoing conflict in
Palestine is one of the longest-standing and
unresolved matters in modern history,
which has resulted in immense suffering
and hardship for Palestinians over decades.
This complex political issue continues to
have significant implications on global
geopolitics as local and international
stakeholders grapple with how to best
move forward with a peaceful, equitable
solution that takes into account the safety
and human rights of people living in the
region. In this essay, we will explore the
various aspects of the Israeli-Palestinian
e
in
conflict including its historical context,
az
existing challenges to peace efforts,
ag
proposed solutions, and potential paths
m
er
forward.
on
• Historical Account
k
ec
o The history of the Israel-Palestine
er
conflict is deeply rooted in the complex
th
dynamics of religion, identity, and
territory. The conflict can be traced
back to the late 19th century when
Jewish immigration to Palestine began
increasing due to Zionist aspirations
for a Jewish state. This influx of Jewish
settlers led to tensions with the Arab
population living in Palestine. After
World War I, Britain gained control of
Palestine under the League of Nations
mandate, further complicating the
situation as both Jews and Arabs
sought national self-determination.
o In 1947, the United Nations proposed a
partition plan that would create
separate Jewish and Arab states in
Palestine. While Jewish leaders
accepted the plan, Arab leaders
rejected it, leading to widespread
om
violence and bloodshed. In 1948, Israel
l.c
declared its independence, sparking a
ai
war with neighboring Arab countries
gm
@ and leading to mass displacement of
Palestinians from their homes. Over
subsequent decades, several wars and
numerous peace efforts failed to
resolve the deep-rooted animosity
between Israelis and Palestinians.
o Other significant events were 1973
Yom Kippur War, including the 1979
Camp David Accord, the Oslo Accords
of the 1990s, and the 2020 Abraham
Accords.
o The conflict has since become
emblematic of broader geopolitical
tensions in the Middle East and
continues to have profound
humanitarian implications for both
Israeli citizens and Palestinian
refugees. While various attempts at
7
 Analytical Essays
negotiation have been made over the
years, achieving lasting peace remains
elusive due to deeply entrenched
historical grievances on both sides.
• Ongoing Gaza Conflict
o The current escalation of violence in
Gaza, which began with peaceful
protests against the forced evictions of
Palestinian families in East Jerusalem
in Oct 2023, has unfortunately spiraled
into a tragic loss of life and widespread
destruction on both sides. The
situation has reached a critical point,
with rockets and airstrikes relentlessly
pounding the region, resulting in a
in
mounting number of casualties and
az
unimaginable devastation. At least
ag
17,177 Palestinians have been killed
m
er
since then, according to Gaza Health
on
Ministry figures, while 1,200 people
k
were killed in the Hamas incursion into
ec
er
Israel, according to Israeli tallies. All
th
the hospitals and support centres have
been demolished or became non-
functional. Entire 2.3 M population is in
a state of shock / grief.
o Despite numerous international
appeals for an immediate ceasefire, the
conflict between Israel and Hamas
shows no signs of abating. This
stubborn refusal to back down has only
further intensified the death toll and
exacerbated an already dire situation.
It is a heartbreaking reality that
innocent civilians, including children
and families, find themselves caught in
the crossfire and facing unimaginable
suffering.
o Beyond the immediate violence, this
ongoing conflict also lays bare deeply
rooted issues, such as unequal power
om
dynamics, the continued displacement
l.c
of Palestinian communities, and
ai
serious human rights violations. It
gm
@ underscores the urgent need for a
comprehensive and lasting solution
e
that addresses the underlying causes
and ensures a just and peaceful future
for all parties involved.
• Israel's Perspective
o Israel justifies its actions and policies
towards Palestine by citing security
concerns, historical and religious ties
to the land, and the need for a Jewish
state. Israel argues that it has a right to
protect its citizens from terrorist
attacks and maintain a secure border.
Additionally, many Israelis view the
West Bank as part of their historic
homeland and believe in the biblical
promise of a “promised land” for the
Jewish people. This deep connection to
8
 Analytical Essays
the land and belief in a Jewish state has such as the establishment of
led Israel to maintain control over settlements and the ongoing
certain territories, such as East occupation of Palestinian territories,
Jerusalem and the West Bank. not only violate their human rights but
o During the United Nations General also perpetuate systemic
Assembly, Israeli Prime Minister discrimination against them.
Benjamin Netanyahu claimed more o Palestinians further perceive the
Arab territory as belonging to Israel. policies of the Israeli government as a
The Israel Defense Forces continue to means to exert control and oppress
bomb civilian areas, while certain their people, resulting in severe

om
lawmakers have made irresponsible restrictions on their freedom of

l.c
statements, including a reference to movement and limited access to vital

ai
Israel's nuclear arsenal. resources necessary for their well-

gm
o U.S. Senator Marco Rubio and another @ being and development. This dynamic
lawmaker made alarming statements has led to heightened tensions and
e
in

advocating for the extermination of the ongoing conflicts between the two
az

entire population of Gaza. This stance sides, with deep-rooted grievances and
ag

is deeply troubling, especially aspirations that continue to shape the

m
er

considering Israel's history during complex Israeli-Palestinian narrative.

on

World War II. The recent conflict is • Human Rights Perspective

k

expected to have significant and long- The ongoing conflict in Gaza also raises
ec

o
er

lasting consequences for millions of serious concerns about the protection

th

lives in the Middle East and beyond, of human rights and international
according to The Guardian newspaper. humanitarian law. The targeting of
• Palestinian Perspective civilians, destruction of civilian
o On the other hand, Palestinians see infrastructure, and forced
themselves as the rightful owners of displacement are all grave violations
their ancestral homeland, tracing their that must be unequivocally
history back long before the condemned and addressed by the
establishment of Israeli presence in the international community.
region. They argue that Israel's actions, Furthermore, individuals living in Gaza
9
 Analytical Essays
have faced longstanding challenges,
including limited access to essential
services, restricted movement, and an
overall decline in living conditions.
o It is essential to recognize and uphold
the human rights of all individuals,
regardless of their nationality or
ethnicity, during times of conflict. The
international community must hold
accountable those responsible for
human rights abuses and ensure that
civilians are protected from harm.
o In addition, humanitarian
organizations play a vital role in
providing crucial aid and support to
in
those affected by the conflict. Their
az
work must be supported and facilitated
ag
to ensure that humanitarian principles,
m
er
such as impartiality and neutrality, are
on
upheld during times of crisis.
k
• UN Perspective
ec
er
o The United Nations has been actively
th
involved in efforts to address the
ongoing conflict in Gaza and has called
for an immediate ceasefire. The UN
Secretary-General, António Guterres,
has repeatedly urged all parties to
protect civilians and respect
international humanitarian law.
o In a recent statement, he emphasized
the need for a political solution that
addresses the root causes of the
conflict and stated that the UN is
committed to working towards a just
and lasting peace for all involved.
o The UN has also highlighted the urgent
need for humanitarian aid in Gaza,
where the impact of the conflict has
been devastating. The organization
continues to call on all parties to allow
unimpeded access for humanitarian
om
relief efforts and ensure the safety of
l.c
aid workers.
ai
o Only through cooperation and a strong
gm
@ commitment to international law and
human rights can the conflict in Gaza
e
be resolved and a lasting peace
achieved. It is crucial for all parties to
engage in constructive dialogue
towards finding a solution that upholds
the dignity and rights of all individuals
involved.
• Pakistan's Stance
o Pakistan remains deeply concerned
about the ongoing violence in Gaza and
has unequivocally condemned all
attacks against civilians. The country
has called for an immediate ceasefire
and urged all parties to exercise
restraint and engage in meaningful
dialogue towards a peaceful resolution.
10
 Analytical Essays
o As a strong supporter of the
Palestinian cause, Pakistan reaffirms
its unwavering support for the rights of
Palestinians, including their right to
self-determination. The country has
also provided humanitarian aid to
those impacted by the conflict and
continues to advocate for a just and
lasting solution based on international
law.
o Pakistan believes that only through a
peaceful dialogue and a commitment to
upholding human rights can the
ongoing conflict in Gaza be resolved.
The country stands ready to support
e
in
any efforts towards achieving a just
az
and lasting peace for all parties
ag
involved. The international community
m
er
must also play an active role in
on
facilitating negotiations and promoting
k
humanitarian aid to alleviate the
ec
er
suffering of those impacted by this
th
tragic conflict.
• Major Concerns
o The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is multi-
faceted, with various dimensions
contributing to its complexity and
ongoing nature. One of the key factors
is the issue of land and territory, as
both Israelis and Palestinians lay claim
to the same geographical area. This has
led to disputes over borders,
settlements, and control of Jerusalem -
a city that holds significant religious
significance for Jews, Christians, and
Muslims.
o Religious and cultural differences also
play a significant role in the conflict,
with both sides deeply rooted in their
respective identities and beliefs. The
presence of holy sites for all three
om
Abrahamic religions within close
l.c
proximity has further complicated
ai
matters, leading to tensions and
gm
@ violence.
o Additionally, the issue of security is a
major concern for both Israelis and
Palestinians. Both sides have faced
attacks and threats of violence, leading
to a cycle of retaliation and further
escalation. The presence of extremist
groups on both sides has also added to
the complexity of the conflict.
o Despite multiple peace negotiations
and agreements, the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict remains unresolved due to
various challenges. One major hurdle is
the lack of trust between Israelis and
Palestinians, fueled by years of
violence and broken promises. This has
resulted in a deep mistrust of each
11
 Analytical Essays
other's intentions and a reluctance to
engage in meaningful dialogue.
o The issue of settlements is also a
significant obstacle to peace efforts.
Israeli settlements built on Palestinian
land have been a major point of
contention, with Palestinians viewing
them as illegal and detrimental to the
creation of a viable Palestinian state.
o The influence of external actors also
issue. Israel's continued expansion of
settlements in the West Bank and East
Jerusalem has been a major obstacle to
peace efforts as it is seen as a violation
of international law and an impediment
to a future Palestinian state.
o Another significant challenge is the
lack of unity among Palestinians
themselves. The ongoing political
divide between the Palestinian

om
poses a challenge to resolving the Authority in the West Bank and Hamas

l.c
conflict. Regional and global powers in Gaza has hindered efforts to present

ai
have their own agendas and interests a united front in negotiations with

gm
in the region, often complicating @ Israel. The lack of a unified leadership
efforts for a peaceful resolution. and clear goals for the Palestinian
e
in

• Challenges to Peace Efforts people further complicates the path

az

o One of the major challenges to peace towards peace.

ag

efforts in Palestine is the ongoing • Proposed Solutions

m
er

violence and security concerns. The o Over the years, various solutions have
on

region has seen decades of armed been proposed to resolve the Israeli-
k

conflicts, terrorist attacks, and military Palestinian conflict, ranging from two-
ec
er

operations that have resulted in state solutions to one-state solutions.

th

countless civilian casualties on both The two-state solution, which

sides. This constant state of insecurity envisions an independent Palestinian
makes it difficult for meaningful state alongside Israel, has been
negotiations to take place as trust endorsed by the international
between Israelis and Palestinians community as the most viable option
continues to erode. for achieving peace in the region.
o Additionally, the issue of Jewish o Another proposed solution is a one-
settlements in Palestinian territories state solution, where Israelis and
remains a contentious and unresolved Palestinians would have equal rights in
12
 Analytical Essays
a unified state. However, this idea is
highly controversial and has been met
with resistance from both sides as it
raises concerns about the loss of
national identity and security.
• Potential Way Forward
o Despite the numerous challenges,
there is still hope for a peaceful
resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict. One potential path forward
for both parties. This may involve
compromise and potentially even
international intervention to ensure
compliance.
o Efforts must also be made to address
the humanitarian crisis faced by
Palestinian refugees, including their
right of return and access to basic
services and opportunities.
o As the world closely watches the

om
could be through increased grassroots events unfolding in Gaza, it is crucial to

l.c
efforts and people-to-people dialogue. remember the immense human cost of

ai
Building relationships and this conflict and to continue advocating

gm
understanding between Israelis and @ for a peaceful resolution that respects
Palestinians on a personal level can the rights and dignity of all individuals
e
in

help break down barriers and create a involved. Only through a sincere
az

more conducive environment for commitment to dialogue, empathy, and

ag

peace negotiations. mutual understanding can a lasting

m
er

o Another possibility is the role of peace be achieved in this troubled

on

international actors in facilitating and region. The international community

k

mediating negotiations between Israeli must also play an active role in

ec
er

and Palestinian leaders. The facilitating negotiations and promoting

th

international community, including the humanitarian aid to alleviate the

United States, has a vital role to play in
encouraging both sides to come to the
negotiating table and addressing key
issues such as settlements and security
concerns.
o Addressing issues of land and
settlements is also crucial, with a focus
on finding a fair and equitable solution
suffering of those impacted by this
tragic conflict.
• Conclusion: In conclusion, the ongoing
conflict in Palestine is a complex and multi-
faceted issue with deep historical roots.
Despite the challenges, there is still hope
for a peaceful resolution through continued
efforts towards dialogue, compromise, and
13
 Analytical Essays
mutual understanding. As global citizens, it
is our responsibility to support and
advocate for a just and equitable solution o Palestinian
that prioritizes the safety and well-being of
all individuals involved in this longstanding
conflict. Only then can we hope to see a
future of peace and coexistence in the
region.
• Sources
o BBC News. (2019, September 7).
https://www.hilal.gov.pk/eng-
article/detail/NzkyNw==.html
Media Watch. (n.d.).
Palestinian Media Watch - Israel's
Responsibility to Human Rights: An
Analysis of UNHRC Report June 22,
2020 by Itamar

om
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What You

l.c
Need to Know. BBC News.

ai
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-

gm
middle-east-49655226 @
o Council on Foreign Relations. (2021,
e
in

February 17). The Israeli-Palestinian

az

Conflict. Council on Foreign Relations.

ag

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/isr
m
er

aeli-palestinian-conflict
on

o The New York Times. (2019,

k

September 16). Israeli-Palestinian

ec
er

Conflict Explained: A Brief History. The

th

New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/
2019/world/middleeast/israel-
palestinians-
conflict.html?module=inline
o Pakistan Monthly Hilal. (2019,
September 2). The Palestine Question.
Pakistan Monthly Hilal.

14
 Analytical Essays
DEPORTATION OF ILLEGAL AFGHAN the issue. This development has raised
RESIDENTS deep concerns about the well-being
• Introduction
and future prospects of these
o The refugee crisis in Afghanistan has
individuals, many of whom have
been a longstanding and complex issue,
established lives and communities in
spanning several decades. With
Pakistan.
ongoing conflicts and instability in the
o In order to gain a comprehensive
region, millions of Afghans have been
understanding of the situation, it is
forced to flee their homes and seek
important to explore the root causes
asylum in neighboring countries like
behind the refugee crisis in

om
Pakistan. This massive influx of
Afghanistan. Factors such as political
refugees has put immense pressure on

l.c
instability, armed conflicts, economic

ai
Pakistan, straining its resources and
challenges, and human rights violations

gm
challenging its ability to provide
@ have all contributed to the
adequate support to these individuals.
displacement of Afghans. Additionally,
e
o The country has been grappling with
in

the lack of sustainable solutions and

az

the task of addressing the immediate

international cooperation in
ag

needs of the refugees, such as shelter,

addressing the underlying issues have
m

food, and healthcare, while also

er

further aggravated the crisis.

considering the long-term implications
on

o This essay seeks to delve into these

of hosting such a large population. This
k

complexities and propose a way

ec

has placed a burden on the country's

er

forward for a smooth deportation

infrastructure, economy, and social
th

fabric. Despite global efforts
support Pakistan in managing the
refugee crisis, the situation remains
dire.
o The recent news of the deportation of
hundreds of Afghan residents who
have been living illegally in Pakistan for
decades has added to the complexity of
process.
to
• Background
o It is estimated that there are over 1.4
million registered Afghan refugees
currently living in Pakistan, making it
the second-largest refugee population
in the world. However, there are also
many more undocumented Afghan
residents residing in Pakistan, with
15
Analytical Essays
estimates ranging from 500,000 to ongoing peace talks between the US
over a million, and are termed as illegal and Taliban in Afghanistan.
Afghan residents. According to the o Pakistan aims to expel all
United Nations High Commissioner for undocumented foreigners. Midnight
Refugees (UNHCR), more than Nov 1, 2023 was set as deadline for
300,000 Afghans fled to Pakistan starting roundups. Till now about
following the Taliban's takeover of 414,000 have been repatriated while
Kabul in August 2021. rest are being searched for
o In recent years, Pakistan has begun apprehension and deportation to
cracking down on illegal Afghan Afghanistan.

om
residents, with the aim of reducing o Many have criticized the lack of a clear

l.c
security threats and addressing plan and the potential for human rights

ai
economic challenges. In 2016, Pakistan violations during the deportation

gm
launched a nationwide campaign to @ process. Despite this criticism,
register undocumented Afghans and Pakistan remains determined to follow
e
in

provide them with proof of legal through with their plan.

az

residence. However, many were not • Global / Regional Perspective

ag

able to complete the registration o The issue of the deportation of illegal

m
er

process and as a result, have been at Afghan residents from Pakistan is not
on

risk of deportation. limited to just these two countries. It is

k

In 2017, Pakistan's government a part of a larger global issue regarding

ec

o
er

announced that it would be deporting refugees and forced migration.

th

all Afghan refugees without legal According to the United Nations High
documentation by December of that Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),
year. This sparked widespread concern there are currently over 25 million
and fear among the Afghan refugee refugees worldwide, with half of them
community in Pakistan. The deadline being under the age of 18. This
was later extended to March 2018, but highlights the urgent need for
it has since been pushed back multiple countries to come together and find
times due to various factors such as the sustainable solutions for the growing
refugee crisis.
16
Analytical Essays
o In the South Asian region, Pakistan is
not the only country facing challenges
related to refugees and illegal
immigration. India, Bangladesh, Iran,
and Sri Lanka also have significant
numbers of refugees
undocumented migrants. The issue of
deportation is a complex one that
requires cooperation and collaboration
from all neighboring countries to find
1967 Protocol which outlines the
rights and protection of refugees. This
lack of legal protection makes it
difficult for Afghan refugees to access
education, healthcare, and
and employment opportunities in Pakistan.
As a result, many are forced to live
without proper documentation.
• Concerns / Challenges
o Pakistan’s Perspective

om
long-lasting solutions. ▪ Pakistan has been hosting Afghan

l.c
o There are multiple factors that refugees for over four decades,

ai
contribute to illegal migration and the demonstrating its long-standing

gm
presence of undocumented Afghan @ commitment to providing a safe
residents in Pakistan. These include haven for those in need. The
e
in

political instability and conflicts in country's generosity in welcoming

az

Afghanistan, economic disparities and offering support to such a

ag

between the two countries, and large refugee population has

m
er

inadequate legal frameworks for garnered international recognition

on

refugees in Pakistan. The ongoing and praise.

k

violence and insecurity in Afghanistan However, this benevolent act has

ec

▪
er

have been major push factors for many not been without its challenges.
th

Afghans to seek refuge in neighboring There are legitimate concerns

countries. In addition, the economic about the economic burden and
opportunities and better quality of life security risks associated with
in Pakistan have also attracted many hosting such a significant number
Afghans to migrate illegally. of refugees. The strain on
o Moreover, the legal framework for resources and infrastructure has
refugees in Pakistan is not as robust as prompted discussions on the
it should be. The country has not signed repatriation of Afghan refugees
the 1951 Refugee Convention or its
17
Analytical Essays
and the implementation of stricter ▪ Afghan traders have their
border control measures. businesses in different cities of
▪ The presence of Afghan and other Pakistan but frequently evade
refugees has serious implications taxes. For instance, in Peshawar
for Pakistan, especially in large alone, these traders became
metropolitan cities, notably in billionaires but have avoided
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), paying taxes. This has created a
Balochistan, urban Sindh, and the burden for the local taxpayers and
twin cities of Islamabad and businessmen, adversely affecting
Rawalpindi. Unfortunately, the growth of revenue collection.

om
Pakistan has experienced 24 ▪ Severe competition for limited

l.c
suicide attacks this year, and animal grazing pastures and

ai
compelling evidence indicates that disputes over water supply.

gm
14 of these attacks were carried @ According to the UNHCR, Afghans
out by nationals belonging to brought with them 45,000 camels,
e
in

Afghanistan. 35,000 cows, and 25,000 donkeys

az

▪ Hosting them all has placed an and thousands of other livestock,

ag

enormous burden on Pakistan's which has grown over the years.

m
er

limited resources, among other ▪ Overcrowding of limited

on

pressing issues. International aid healthcare facilities, housing

k

for Afghan refugees initially came shortages, and a substantial rise in

ec
er

to a complete halt in 1998. property prices due to increased

th

Currently, the UNHCR provides demand. Additionally, there is

only a monthly token amount of Rs. excessive pressure on schools and
25,000 directly to registered other academic institutions.
Afghan families, which is far from ▪ An influx of unregistered arms has
adequate. All other expenses are contributed to the spread of the
borne by Pakistan, with no "Kalashnikov culture" and easy
assistance from the UNHCR or the access to automatic small arms.
international community. This poses a significant threat to
Pakistan's internal security,
18
Analytical Essays
resulting in a surge in terrorism, ▪ The presence of Afghan refugees,
crime rates, murders, and particularly illegal immigrants, has
kidnappings for ransom. contributed to issues like inflation,
▪ The continuing violence and child labor, and the spread of
terrorism originating from diseases such as poliomyelitis and
Afghanistan represents a direct malaria.
threat to Pakistan's internal o Human Rights Concerns
security and stability. The pressure ▪ From a human rights perspective,
on Pakistan's western borders has the deportation of illegal Afghan
escalated due to this ongoing residents from Pakistan raises

om
violence and instability in significant concerns about the

l.c
Afghanistan. protection and treatment of

ai
▪ The huge influx of drugs, facilitated vulnerable individuals. The sudden

gm
by this situation, has permeated all @ displacement and separation from
sections of society, particularly family members can have long-
e
in

affecting young and vulnerable lasting and profound impacts on

az

children and young adults. their physical, emotional, and

ag

Pakistan has also become a hub psychological well-being. These

m
er

and transit point for drug individuals are often forced to

on

trafficking to the rest of the world, leave behind their homes,

k

causing damage to its international communities, and support

ec
er

image. systems, facing uncertainty and

th

▪ When the interests of refugees insecurity in an unfamiliar

clash with those of the local
population, tensions may arise, and
locals, in order to safeguard their
own interests, have taken a firm
stance against refugees, as has
occurred in KP on
occasions.
environment. It is crucial for
governments to prioritize the
safety and security of all
individuals, irrespective of their
legal status, and ensure that they
multiple are provided with proper support,
access to essential services, and
opportunities for a better future.
19
Analytical Essays
Upholding their dignity and o Economic Consequences
respecting their rights becomes ▪ The deportation of illegal Afghan
paramount in fostering a more residents from Pakistan not only
inclusive and compassionate has economic consequences for
society. both countries, but also carries a
o Impact on Individuals and significant human impact. Many
Communities Afghans have established their
▪ The deportation of illegal Afghan lives in Pakistan, building homes,
residents from Pakistan has had a starting businesses, and
significant impact on individuals contributing to the local economy

om
and their communities. Many of through various industries such as

l.c
those being deported have built agriculture, construction, and

ai
their lives in Pakistan and have no services. Their presence has not

gm
ties or connections to Afghanistan. @ only provided valuable skills and
This sudden displacement can lead labor, but has also fostered
e
in

to a range of challenges, including cultural exchange and diversity.

az

loss of livelihoods, disruption of ▪ However, the sudden removal of

ag

education, and separation from these individuals can disrupt not

m
er

family members. only the labor market, but also the

on

▪ Furthermore, the deportation social fabric of both nations. The

k

process has also caused fear and loss of skilled workers can result in
ec
er

anxiety among the Afghan a decline in productivity and

th

community in Pakistan. Many are economic growth, affecting not

worried about being targeted or
mistreated upon their return to
Afghanistan due to their prolonged
stay in Pakistan. This can have
long-lasting psychological effects
on individuals and their families.
only the specific industries they
were involved in, but also the
overall economy. Moreover, the
deportation of Afghans
perpetuates the cycle of poverty
and lack of opportunities that
often drive illegal migration in the
first place, creating a challenging
20
Analytical Essays
and complex situation for all disrupted, leading to long-term
parties involved. impacts on their future
▪ It is crucial to consider the broader opportunities. There may also be
implications of such deportations discrimination and stigmatization
and to work towards towards individuals who have been
comprehensive solutions that deported or fear of being
address the underlying issues of deported, affecting their
migration and provide sustainable integration and sense of belonging
alternatives for affected in society.
individuals and communities. o Religious Viewpoint: The deportation

om
o Social Apprehensions of illegal Afghan residents from

l.c
▪ Various social concerns impact Pakistan can have significant religious

ai
individuals and communities implications. Due to the predominantly

gm
around the world. These can range @ Muslim population of Afghan refugees,
from issues related to poverty, there may be obstacles in practicing
e
in

inequality, education, healthcare, their faith freely upon their return to

az

climate change, human rights, and Afghanistan. This is especially true for
ag

many more. It is important to those belonging to minority sects or

m
er

address these concerns who have faced persecution in the past.

on

collectively and work towards The concerns surrounding religious

k

creating a more just and equitable freedom and protection for these
ec
er

society for all. By raising individuals further highlight the need

th

awareness, advocating for change, for comprehensive support and

and taking action, we can make a safeguards during the deportation
positive impact and contribute to a process.
better future for everyone. o Demographic Perspective: The
▪ There are also social concerns that deportation of illegal Afghan residents
arise from the deportation of from Pakistan not only has
illegal Afghan residents from demographic implications but also
Pakistan. Families are separated, carries significant humanitarian
and children's education is concerns. Among the Afghan refugee
21
 Analytical Essays
population in Pakistan, the majority
comprises women and children who
have sought shelter and safety in the
neighboring country. Their return to
Afghanistan poses additional
challenges, including limited access to
education and healthcare services. This
unfortunate situation could potentially
hinder the development and well-being
of the country's future generations,
demanding urgent attention
support from the international
community.
o UN’s Role: The United Nations, as a
global organization, plays a crucial and
multifaceted role in addressing the
issue of illegal Afghan residents in
ag
Pakistan. Recognizing the significance
m
er
of this matter, the UNHCR (United
on
Nations High Commissioner
k
Refugees) has been actively
ec
er
collaborating with both countries,
th
engaging in close cooperation to
identify and implement sustainable
solutions that respect and uphold the
rights of refugees.
• Measures Taken by The Govt to Mitigate
the Concerns / Challenges
o It's important to note that Pakistan is
not a signatory to the UN Refugee
Convention of 1951 and the Refugee
Protocol of 1967. However, despite
not being legally bound, Pakistan has
warmly welcomed and supported
refugees from neighboring Muslim
countries for the past four decades.
While certain institutional
arrangements have been implemented,
such as the Ministry of States and
Frontier Regions (SAFRON) and the
office of the Chief Commissioner of
om
and Afghan Refugees (CCAR), there is still a
l.c
lack of an approved policy by the
ai
parliament for addressing refugee
gm
@ integration or deportation.
o In 2007, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the
e
in
UNHCR signed a tripartite agreement
az
allowing Afghan refugees in Pakistan
to register and obtain a Proof of
Registration (PoR) card. These cards,
for issued by Pakistan's National Database
and Registration Authority (NADRA),
needed yearly renewal and were valid
until 2020. PoR cardholders enjoy
temporary residence, freedom of
movement, access to public health and
education, and the ability to rent
property, open bank accounts, and
register family births. However, they
are not legally permitted to work,
although many find employment in the
informal sector. UNHCR reports that
22
Analytical Essays
approximately 1.4 million registered
refugees have completed the
verification process, with nearly one
million issued PoR cards as of June
2022.
o In 2017, Pakistan introduced Afghan
Citizenship Cards (ACCs) to register
previously undocumented Afghans.
ACCs serve as temporary identity
documents, offering fewer benefits
than PoR cards. ACC holders are
allowed temporary stay and freedom
of movement in Pakistan but do not
have access to public health services or
education. By the end of 2021,
e
in
approximately 840,000 refugees had
az
been issued ACCs.
ag
o Recently, Pakistan has implemented
m
er
two significant initiatives for refugees.
on
Firstly, a new visa policy has been
k
sanctioned for Afghans aiming to settle
ec
er
in third countries. Secondly, access for
th
Afghan traders at checkpoints has
been eased. However, there is limited
information available regarding tax
laws, trade facilitation, and long-term
economic integration for these traders.
Addressing legislative clarity is crucial
to overcome challenges in border
security and the facilitation of regular
migration.
• Way Forward / Recommendations
o To address the issue of illegal Afghan
residents in Pakistan, it is important for
policymakers to consider the following
recommendations:
▪ Continued international support is
crucial in addressing the complex
issue of Afghan refugees. This
requires collective efforts from
regional and international actors,
om
recognizing the importance of
l.c
providing necessary resources and
ai
assistance. By doing so, we can
gm
@ strive for sustainable solutions
that protect the rights and well-
being of Afghan refugees.
▪ To achieve this, open and
constructive dialogue between the
governments of Pakistan and
Afghanistan is crucial. Such
dialogue can address concerns,
foster understanding, and promote
effective collaboration on refugee-
related issues. Working together,
these governments can find long-
term solutions that benefit both
countries and contribute to
regional stability.
▪ Moreover, the protection and
respect of human rights should
guide all decisions related to
23
 Analytical Essays
Afghan refugees. This includes community are crucial in finding
considerations of their sustainable solutions for Afghan refugees
deportation or voluntary in Pakistan. Addressing root causes of
repatriation. Upholding human illegal migration and promoting peace in
rights as a top priority ensures that Afghanistan are key. Human rights must be
the dignity and well-being of at the forefront, and collaboration between
individuals are safeguarded governments and organizations is vital for
throughout the refugee process. long-term resolutions. Policymakers and
▪ Furthermore, governments should humanitarian agencies must prioritize this
prioritize the implementation of issue. Let's approach it with empathy,

om
sustainable reintegration understanding, and cooperation for the

l.c
programs for returning refugees. well-being and safety of all individuals.

ai
These programs should go beyond Together, we can strive for a future of

gm
basic provisions and encompass peace, stability, and justice, regardless of
@
access to education and nationality or legal status.
e
in

employment opportunities. By • References

az

offering comprehensive support, o United Nations High Commissioner for

ag

governments can empower Refugees (UNHCR) -

m
er

returning refugees to rebuild their https://www.unhcr.org/afghan-

on

lives, contribute to their refugees.html

k

communities, and foster a sense of Ministry of State and Frontier Regions,

ec

o
er

belonging. Government of Pakistan -

th

• Conclusion: Deporting illegal Afghan http://www.msfr.gov.pk/

residents from Pakistan is a complex issue o Afghan Ministry of Refugees and
that requires a comprehensive and Repatriations -
coordinated approach. Governments http://www.morr.gov.af/English.aspx
should prioritize individuals' rights and o United Nations Assistance Mission in
well-being while addressing economic, Afghanistan (UNAMA) -
social, religious, demographic, legal, and https://unama.unmissions.org/
UN-related concerns. Ongoing efforts by o International Organization for
both countries and the international Migration (IOM) -
24
Analytical Essays
https://www.iom.int/countries/afghan
istan
o Human Rights Watch -
https://www.hrw.org/world-
report/2020/country-
chapters/afghanistan
o Amnesty International -
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countrie
s/asia-and-the-pacific/afghanistan/
o The World Bank -

om
https://www.worldbank.org/en/count

l.c
ry/afghanistan

ai
o UNDP

gm
http://www.af.undp.org/content/afgh @
anistan/en/home.html
e
in

o The European Union External Action -

az

https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/af
ag

ghanistan_en
m
er

o International Committee of the Red

on

Cross (ICRC) -
k

https://www.icrc.org/en/where-we-
ec
er

work/asia-pacific/afghanistan
th

25
 Analytical Essays
THE RESURGENCE OF TERRORISM
• Introduction
o In recent months, pockets of Pakistan
have witnessed a troubling resurgence
of militancy and terrorism, posing a
significant challenge to the nation's
security. This surge has once again
brought the security situation into sharp
focus, raising concerns that extremist
groups are gaining ground across several
areas. Unfortunately, this is not a new
phenomenon, as Pakistan has long
grappled with various terrorist
networks since its inception. However, it
is crucial to delve deeper into the
e
in
reasons behind the increasing traction
az
of these militant groups before we can
ag
effectively work toward establishing
m
lasting stability.
er
on
o In this comprehensive article, we will
k
analyze some of the key causes
ec
contributing to the rising levels of
er
th
militancy. We will examine factors such
as socioeconomic disparities, ideological
influences, and geopolitical dynamics
that play a role in fueling these extremist
ideologies. Furthermore, we will present
potential solutions and strategies that
can be employed to ensure long-term
peace, security, and prosperity in
Pakistan. By shedding light on these
complex issues, we aim to foster a
greater understanding and contribute to
the ongoing efforts aimed at countering
militancy in the region. Together, we can
strive for a future where Pakistan
thrives as a peaceful and prosperous
nation.
• Historical Context of Terrorism in Pakistan
o The history of terrorism in Pakistan
dates back to the late 1970s when the
om
country was under military rule and
l.c
actively involved in the Soviet-Afghan
ai
War. The support provided by Pakistan
gm
@ to the Mujahideen, who were fighting
against Soviet forces in Afghanistan, had
far-reaching consequences for the
country.
o During that time, several militant groups
from around the world, including Al-
Qaeda and the Taliban, were able to
establish a presence in Pakistan. These
groups exploited the country’s political
instability and weak law enforcement to
further their own agendas and carry out
acts of terrorism.
o In the 1980s and 1990s, Pakistan saw a
rise in sectarian violence as well. This
was fueled by tensions between Sunni
and Shia Muslims, as well as the influx of
weapons and radical ideologies from
neighboring countries.
26
Analytical Essays
o The situation only worsened in the early
2000s when Pakistan became a key ally
in the US-led War on Terror. The
country’s participation in this war, along
with its support for US drone strikes,
angered many extremist groups who
saw it as an attack on their religion and
culture. This led to an increase in
terrorist attacks, particularly in the
tribal areas along the Afghanistan
way to go in effectively addressing the
root causes of terrorism and eliminating
it from Pakistan.
o In recent years, Pakistan has seen a
decrease in terrorist attacks due to
various military operations and
improved security measures. However,
the threat of terrorism still looms over
the country and it remains a major
challenge for the government to ensure

om
border. the safety and security of its citizens.

l.c
o Despite efforts by the Pakistani • Global Perspective and External Factors

ai
government and military to crack down o The international community has also

gm
on extremist groups, terrorism @ expressed concerns over Pakistan’s
continues to be a major issue in the nuclear weapons falling into the hands of
e
in

country. The rise of homegrown terrorists, which could have

az

terrorist organizations, such as Tehreek- catastrophic consequences. This led to

ag

e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e- increased pressure on the Pakistani

m
er

Jhangvi (LeJ), has further complicated government to take decisive action

on

the situation. These groups often target against terrorist groups operating
k

religious minorities and civilians, causing within its borders. The discovery of
ec
er

immense loss of life and damage to Osama bin Laden hiding in Abbottabad
th

property. in 2011 further damaged Pakistan’s

o Pakistan Army's contributions to the
war on terror have been significant, with
thousands of soldiers sacrificing their
lives in the fight against terrorism. The
country has also implemented measures
such as the National Action Plan to
counter extremism and improve
security. However, there is still a long
image and credibility on the global stage.
o In recent years, Pakistan has taken steps
to address these concerns and improve
its image in the global fight against
terrorism. The country has implemented
stricter laws and counter-terrorism
measures, as well as conducting military
27
 Analytical Essays
operations in areas known to harbor
extremist groups.
o The porous borders between
Afghanistan and Pakistan have allowed
militants to move freely and launch
attacks on both sides. In addition, the
ongoing conflict in Afghanistan has
further fueled extremism and terrorism
in Pakistan. The influx of refugees from
Afghanistan, along with the influence of
instability, economic disparities, and
religious extremism.
o Pakistan’s history of dictatorial rule and
weak democratic institutions has
created an environment of political
turmoil and uncertainty. This has
allowed extremist groups to thrive and
exploit the country’s vulnerabilities for
their gain. The lack of economic
opportunities and widespread poverty

om
Taliban ideologies, has contributed to have also made many vulnerable to

l.c
the growth of terrorist organizations recruitment by terrorist organizations.

ai
within Pakistan. o Moreover, the promotion of radical

gm
o India's involvement in promoting @ ideologies and the use of religion for
terrorism in Pakistan has also been a political purposes have further fueled
e
in

major factor in the country's ongoing religious extremism in Pakistan. This has
az

struggle against terrorism. The two led to a rise in sectarian violence and the
ag

countries have a long-standing rivalry targeting of minority groups. Lack of

m
er

and tensions over the disputed territory education and proper religious
on

of Kashmir. Pakistan has accused India teachings have also played a role in the
k

of supporting separatist movements and radicalization of individuals.

ec
er

terrorist activities within its borders, • Effects of Terrorism

th

including providing training and funding o Impact on National Security. Militancy

to militant groups like Balochistan and terrorism in Pakistan have been
Liberation Army (BLA) and Tehreek-e- persistent issues for decades now, with
Taliban Pakistan (TTP). the country haunted by a long history of
• Internal contributory Factors violence and political instability. This has
o Several internal factors have severely impacted the nation's security,
contributed to the rise of terrorism in resulting in significant losses of human
Pakistan. These include political life and economic damage. Several
factors have contributed to the rise of
28
Analytical Essays
militancy, some of which include communities and promoting fear and
poverty, illiteracy, sectarianism, and division. This can lead to policies and
political opportunism. The lack of state practices that disregard human rights,
control over vast swathes of territory in exacerbating existing social inequalities.
Pakistan's border areas has also allowed Furthermore, it can fuel political
militants and terrorists to operate with instability and weaken the authority of
impunity. However, it is essential to note the state, making it harder for
that combating militancy and terrorism governments to control public safety
goes beyond just a military solution. and provide essential services such as
Addressing these issues effectively health care and education. In conclusion,

om
requires a comprehensive approach and terrorism puts at risk the stability of

l.c
the adoption of policies that promote economic and social structures, which

ai
inclusive economic development, better are fundamental for the well-being and

gm
education systems, and a fairer @ prosperity of societies.
distribution of resources. Only then can o External Pressures. The issue of
e
in

Pakistan hope to defeat militancy and pressure from international bodies for
az

make meaningful progress towards counter-terrorism measures has

ag

ensuring lasting peace and security. become a topic of great importance in

m
er

o Impact on Economic Conditions and the modern world. The global rise of
on

Social Infrastructure. Terrorism has terrorist activities has increased the

k

undeniable consequences on both urgency to develop effective systems to

ec
er

economic conditions and social combat these threats. However,

th

infrastructure. It not only harms people implementation of such measures is not

physically and emotionally but also without its challenges. Many
disrupts economic growth by causing international bodies have differing
damage to physical infrastructure, opinions on the appropriate measures
discouraging foreign investors, and that should be taken, and this can lead to
decreasing tourism and trade disputes and delays in implementation.
participation. Moreover, terrorism Furthermore, there are concerns about
damages social infrastructure by the potential violation of civil liberties
eroding trust between various and human rights when counter-
29
 Analytical Essays
terrorism measures are put in place. As community engagement initiatives.
such, a comprehensive approach must They work closely with the
be taken to ensure that effective intelligence tentacles to gather
measures are put in place that safeguard information about potential threats
human rights and do not infringe on and plan effective responses.
personal freedoms. Furthermore, they conduct raids on
• Efforts to Address Terrorism in Pakistan suspected terrorist hideouts and
o Role of Pakistan Army and Law monitor border areas to prevent
Enforcement Agencies in Combatting illegal cross-border movement of
Terrorism militants or weapons.

om
▪ Pakistan Army plays a crucial role in ▪ In addition to these proactive

l.c
addressing the issue of terrorism in measures, they also engage in public

ai
Pakistan. With their extensive awareness campaigns to educate

gm
knowledge and experience in @ citizens about the signs of
counter-insurgency operations, the radicalization and ways to report
e
in

army has been instrumental in suspicious activities. This includes

az

conducting successful military providing education and vocational

ag

operations against terrorist groups. training to youth in affected areas,

m
er

▪ Moreover, the army also supports promoting peace-building activities,

on

and assists civilian law enforcement and engaging with local communities
k

agencies to maintain peace and to address their grievances. All these

ec
er

security within the country. actions generally known as Winning

th

Together they have played a vital Hearts and Minds (WHAM)

role in securing borders and working activities.
with neighboring countries to o Govt’s Initiatives
combat terrorism. The law ▪ The fight against terrorism in
enforcement agencies employ Pakistan cannot be won without the
various strategies to combat cooperation and support of the
terrorism, including intelligence international community. Pakistan
gathering, surveillance operations, has been working closely with its
counter-terrorism units, and allies to share intelligence, exchange
30
Analytical Essays
best practices, and coordinate
efforts in combating terrorism.
▪ The country has also participated in
various international forums and
conferences on counter-terrorism,
where it has emphasized the need for
a coordinated global response to this
threat. Furthermore, Pakistan has
actively contributed troops to UN
peacekeeping missions,
address terrorism and extremism
through a comprehensive approach.
▪ In addition, the government has also
focused on improving relations with
neighboring countries and
promoting regional cooperation in
the fight against terrorism. The
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) is an example of such efforts,
which aims to promote economic

om
demonstrating its commitment to development and stability in the

l.c
promoting peace and security at a region.

ai
global level. ▪ The role of civil society and media in

gm
▪ In addition, the Financial Action Task @ countering extremist narratives and
Force (FATF) has also been working promoting peace and tolerance
e
in

closely with Pakistan to address cannot be overlooked. NGOs and

az

issues related to terrorist financing. community organizations have

ag

Through their recommendations and played a crucial role in educating and

m
er

close monitoring, the FATF is empowering individuals to reject

on

assisting Pakistan in strengthening violent ideologies.

k

its financial systems and preventing • Ongoing Concerns / Challenges

ec
er

the flow of funds to terrorist o Despite significant progress in

th

organizations. addressing terrorism in Pakistan, there

▪ The Pakistani government has taken are still challenges that need to be
various measures to address the addressed. This includes the continued
issue of terrorism in the country. This presence of terrorist groups and their
includes enacting stricter laws, ability to carry out attacks, particularly
conducting military operations, and in border regions. These groups often
implementing counter-terrorism exploit the rugged terrain and porous
strategies. The National Action Plan borders to evade capture and continue
(NAP), launched in 2014, aimed to their nefarious activities.
31
Analytical Essays
o Additionally, the complex socio-political concern, as they persistently propagate
dynamics in the region create fertile extremist ideologies that fuel the
ground for the recruitment and recruitment and radicalization of
radicalization of individuals, further individuals, undermining efforts to
perpetuating the cycle of violence. foster peace and stability.
Efforts to combat terrorism must o The urgent need to address these
therefore not only focus on military multifaceted challenges calls for
operations but also on addressing the comprehensive strategies and
underlying factors that contribute to its collaborative efforts from both national
persistence. This includes promoting and international stakeholders,

om
education, economic development, and including governments, intelligence

l.c
social cohesion to undermine the appeal agencies, law enforcement, civil society,

ai
of extremist ideologies and create a and religious leaders. By working

gm
more resilient society. Only through a @ together, we can enhance
comprehensive and multi-faceted counterterrorism measures, promote
e
in

approach can Pakistan overcome the inclusive education, and tackle the root
az

challenges posed by terrorism and causes of extremism, ultimately

ag

ensure the security and well-being of its fostering a safer and more peaceful
m
er

people. world.
on

o Furthermore, the lack of proper • Recommendations / Way Forward

k

governance and rampant corruption o In order to effectively combat terrorism

ec
er

within government institutions has in Pakistan and ensure lasting peace and
th

significantly hindered efforts to security, it is imperative for

effectively combat terrorism. The policymakers to adopt a comprehensive
absence of transparent and accountable approach. This approach should involve
systems has created loopholes that are addressing the root causes of extremism
exploited by terrorist organizations, through various means, such as
allowing them to thrive and pose a grave promoting quality education that fosters
threat to global security. Moreover, the critical thinking and tolerance among
issue of radical madrassas (religious individuals.
schools) continues to be a cause for
32
Analytical Essays
o Additionally, it is crucial to strengthen infrastructure and sensitive information
governance and law enforcement against cyber threats.
mechanisms to ensure the rule of law o Additionally, the utilization of advanced
and justice prevail. Furthermore, intelligence and surveillance
addressing socio-economic inequalities technologies can aid in early detection
and providing equal opportunities to all and prevention of terrorist activities.
segments of society can help create a o Moreover, investing in comprehensive
more inclusive and harmonious training programs and capacity-building
environment, where extremism finds no initiatives for law enforcement agencies
fertile ground to grow. will enable them to stay ahead of the

om
o Furthermore, to effectively combat and curve and effectively respond to

l.c
counter the threat of cross-border emerging threats. By taking these

ai
terrorism, it is imperative to foster and measures, we can ensure a safer and

gm
maintain continued regional @ more secure future for our societies.
cooperation and collaboration with • Conclusion. In conclusion, countering
e
in

neighboring countries. By working terrorism in Pakistan requires a

az

together, sharing intelligence, and comprehensive approach involving

ag

coordinating efforts, we can establish a cooperation among all stakeholders –

m
er

united front against this global menace, government, military, civil society, and the
on

ensuring the safety and security of our international community. Through a unified
k

nations and the well-being of our effort, Pakistan can overcome this threat
ec
er

citizens. and create a safer and more prosperous

th

o Investment in technology and modern future. Let's work together to build a

counter-terrorism strategies is not only
crucial but also imperative in countering
the ever-evolving threats of our time. To
effectively combat these challenges, it is
essential to prioritize various aspects.
This includes enhancing cyber security
measures to safeguard critical
peaceful and progressive society, free from
terrorism. Though the journey ahead may
be challenging, with determination and
perseverance, we can achieve a peaceful
and stable Pakistan. Let's stand united in
this fight against terrorism and strive for a
brighter tomorrow. Our future generations
deserve a secure Pakistan. Together, we can
33
 Analytical Essays
make it happen. Let's join hands and face ts/pakistans-fight-against-terrorism-
this challenge with courage, knowing that progress-and-challenges-ahead.
collective efforts can overcome any o "Countering Terrorism: A
obstacle. Let's work towards a better world, Comprehensive Approach." The Nation,
free from terrorism. The time to act is now. 21 October 2019,
Let's rise up and take action against this https://nation.com.pk/21-Oct-
global threat. Together, we can make a 2019/countering-terrorism-a-
difference! comprehensive-approach.
• References
o "Pakistan's fight against terror: A

om
promising start." Dawn, 7 September

l.c
2018,

ai
https://www.dawn.com/news/1431433

gm
. @
o Afridi, Taimur. "Combating Terrorism in
e
in

Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward."

az

Institute of Regional Studies, 9 March

ag

2020, https://irs.org.pk/article/1214-
m
er

combating-terrorism-in-pakistan-
on

challenges-and-way-forward.html.
k

o "Terrorism in Pakistan: Causes and

ec
er

Consequences." The Express Tribune, 8

th

July 2017,
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1445694/
terrorism-pakistan-causes-
consequences/.
o "Pakistan's Fight Against Terrorism:
Progress and Challenges Ahead."
Diplomatic Courier, 8 September 2017,
https://www.diplomaticourier.com/pos

34
 Analytical Essays
MILITARY COURTS
• Introduction
o Pakistan has a complex history, marked
by periods of governance under
military courts. These instances have
occurred due to various factors,
including political instability, military
coups, and threats to national security.
In response to these challenges, the
Pakistani government has granted
authority to these courts to conduct
trials for civilians accused
committing serious offenses, with a
particular emphasis on cases related to
terrorism and safeguarding national
security.
az
o The utilization of military courts in such
ag
circumstances serves as a mechanism
m
er
to ensure the preservation of law and
on
order while addressing the unique
k
challenges faced by the country. These
ec
er
courts provide a specialized
th
framework that allows for swift and
efficient adjudication of cases that
pose a significant risk to national
security.
o A comprehensive effort is being made
to analyze various aspects of the
military court system in this essay. This
analysis will help identify potential
areas for improvement
recommend a way forward that strikes
a balance between preserving civil
liberties and addressing the security
concerns of the nation.
• Structure of Military Courts
o Military courts in Pakistan are
composed of two types – General
Court Martial (GCM) and Summary
Military Court (SMC). GCM is the
highest authority for trying military
om
personnel accused of serious offenses,
l.c
of such as treason or mutiny, while SMC
ai
deals with relatively minor offenses.
gm
o
@ The composition of a GCM includes a
president, who is always an officer of
e
in
the rank of Brigadier or higher and two
to five members, depending on the
severity of the case. These members
are chosen from officers of different
ranks and backgrounds, ensuring a fair
trial.
o On the other hand, an SMC comprises
of a President and not more than two
members who are usually officers of
the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. The
proceedings in an SMC are relatively
informal, and the accused is given
fewer rights compared to GCM.
• Jurisdiction of A Military Court
o The primary role of military courts in
and Pakistan is to maintain discipline within
35
Analytical Essays
the ranks of the armed forces and
uphold the code of conduct defined by
the Pakistan Army Act of 1952. These
courts are responsible for trying
military personnel accused of various
offenses, including but not limited to
insubordination, misconduct, and
violation of rules and regulations.
o Apart from trying cases related to the
armed forces, military courts also hold
jurisdiction over civilians in certain
circumstances. This includes situations
where a civilian is involved in a case
with some military personnel, such as
incidents that occur on military bases
in
or involve offenses committed by
az
military personnel while on duty. In
ag
such cases, the military court may take
m
er
up jurisdiction instead of a civilian
on
court, ensuring a fair and appropriate
k
legal process for all parties involved.
ec
er
o The jurisdiction of military courts in
th
Pakistan extends to all areas, allowing
them to handle cases involving
offenses committed by military
personnel. These courts possess the
authority to impose sentences ranging
from fines to life imprisonment, and in
extreme cases, even the death penalty.
This ensures that military discipline is
maintained and justice is served within
the armed forces.
• History of Military Courts in Pakistan
o The establishment of military courts in
Pakistan dates back to 1952 when the
government of Prime Minister Khwaja
Nazimuddin, in response to a period of
political unrest and violence, decided
to establish these courts. However,
due to public pressure and criticism
om
from the judiciary, this initial court was
l.c
dissolved after three years, marking a
ai
temporary halt to the use of military
gm
@ courts.
o Subsequently, military courts
e
resurfaced under the military rule of
General Ayub Khan in 1958. This
marked the beginning of a series of
martial law periods and the suspension
of constitutional rights, which in turn
led to the re-establishment of military
courts. These courts became a tool for
the military regime to maintain control
and suppress any opposition.
o In 1969, General Yahya Khan also
established military courts in Pakistan.
During this period, many armed
civilians in East Pakistan were
remanded to these courts. In 1977,
General Zia-ul-Haq declared martial
law in Pakistan, introducing the Special
36
Analytical Essays
Military Courts (SMCs) to address
offenses committed during times of
political instability. The establishment
of these courts aimed to expedite the
trial process and ensure swift justice
for those involved in activities deemed
threatening to national security.
However, these courts were eventually
abolished in 1985 when martial law
was lifted, signaling a temporary end to
their existence.
o In 1999, General Pervez Musharraf
seized power through a military coup
and enacted the Pakistan Army Act of
1952. This act provided a legal
e
in
framework for the establishment of
az
Field General Courts Martial (FGCMs)
ag
to prosecute civilians for offenses
m
er
related to national security. The
on
introduction of these courts further
k
solidified the military's influence over
ec
er
the judicial system and raised concerns
th
about the erosion of civilian rights and
the supremacy of the military.
o The most recent surge in military
courts occurred in 2015, following the
terrorist attack on an Army Public
School in Peshawar compelled the then
PM Nawaz Sharif's government, to re-
instate military courts to try civilians
accused of terrorism and other
security-related offenses.
o Eleven Military Courts were
constituted across Pakistan: three
each in Punjab and KP, two in Sindh,
and one in Baluchistan. om February
2015 to March 6th, 2017, Military
Courts convicted 274 persons. Out of
these, 161 individuals were awarded
the death sentence and 113 were given
om
imprisonment of varying terms. The
l.c
speedy trial process in military courts
ai
has resulted in a significant increase in
gm
@ convictions compared to civilian
courts, where cases often linger for
years. Initially granted a two-year
mandate, these courts have since been
extended multiple times, reflecting the
ongoing challenges faced by Pakistan
in combating terrorism and ensuring
national security.
o Despite their role in ensuring national
security, military courts have been
heavily criticized
o The history of military courts in
Pakistan is characterized by a complex
interplay of political dynamics, military
interventions, and the need to address
threats to national security. The use of
military courts has been a contentious
issue, with debates surrounding their
37
 Analytical Essays
effectiveness, transparency, and knowledge and experience in military
compatibility with constitutional and security matters can adjudicate
rights. The evolving nature of military cases, applying their specialized
courts in Pakistan continues to shape understanding to navigate the
the country's legal landscape and complexities involved. This approach
raises important questions about the allows for a more nuanced
balance between security and civil understanding of the challenges faced
liberties. and a tailored response to ensure
• Government's Perspective justice is served effectively in the
o The Pakistani government has context of national security concerns.

om
steadfastly defended the use of • Human Rights Advocates’ Stance

l.c
military courts, emphasizing the o Human rights organizations and

ai
imperative for swift and efficient vocalists worldwide have vehemently

gm
justice in light of the unique security @ criticized the use of military courts in
challenges faced by the country. They Pakistan, arguing that they not only
e
in

argue that these specialized courts are undermine basic human rights and due
az

indispensable in effectively combating process but also perpetuate a system

ag

terrorism and upholding national lacking transparency and

m
er

security. The need for military courts accountability. This lack of

on

arises from the recognition that regular transparency can potentially lead to
k

civilian courts may lack the necessary arbitrary judgments and miscarriages
ec
er

expertise or resources to handle such of justice, raising serious concerns

th

complex cases, particularly those about the overall legitimacy of these

related to security threats.
o By employing military courts, the
government seeks to ensure a robust
legal framework that can effectively
address the intricate dynamics of
security threats and safeguard the
nation's stability. These courts provide
a platform where judges with extensive
courts. Furthermore, these
organizations express deep concerns
about the potential for torture and
mistreatment of individuals in military
custody, further eroding trust in the
fairness and integrity of the military
justice system. The ongoing debate
surrounding the use of military courts
38
 Analytical Essays
in Pakistan underscores the
importance of upholding human rights
principles and ensuring access to a fair
and impartial justice system for all
individuals.
o The use of military courts in Pakistan
has been subject to much controversy
and criticism. Critics argue that these
courts undermine the principles of
democracy, as they bypass the regular
judicial system and deny civilians their
right to a fair trial.
o There have also been concerns about
the transparency and accountability of
these courts. Military courts operate
in
under strict secrecy, making it difficult
az
for the public to know the details of
ag
trials and possible human rights
m
er
violations.
on
o Moreover, military courts have been
k
accused of being biased towards the
ec
er
military and quick to issue death
th
sentences. This has led to concerns
about wrongful convictions and lack of
due process for defendants.
• Incompatibility with International and
Domestic Standards
o The laws whereby military courts are
allowed to trial civilians in Pakistan are
not compatible with international
standards, which ensure a fair trial by
impartial and autonomous courts.
These international standards have
been derived from various sources:
firstly, international treaties such as
ICCPR, to which Pakistan is a signatory,
provide fair trial procedures.
o Article 141 allows individuals to have a
fair and public trial, which applies to all
courts including Military Courts. The
Human Rights Committee of the UN
om
has also stressed on avoiding civilian
l.c
trials in Military Courts due to rising
ai
concerns about the lack of fair and
gm
@ impartial administration of justice.
Secondly, Draft Principles confine the
e
Military court’s jurisdiction to its
personnel only and confer the right to
the fair trial of the civilians by an
impartial civilian court.
o Thirdly, there are regional human
rights treaties prohibiting civilian trial
by Military Courts. Exceptionally, the
European Court of Human Rights
allows civilian trial by Military Courts
where the former cannot undertake a
particular case and the Military Courts
ensure minimum standards of fair trial.
o There are some prerequisites for
judicial competence and independence
and Military Courts do not comply with
those requirements. The judges of
39
Analytical Essays
Military Courts are not independent
from military hierarchy, they have no
security of tenure, and they are not
required to have legal qualifications,
legal training, or legal wisdom. Justice
also demands public trial except
certain exceptional circumstances that
allow in-camera hearings. The Army
Act does not allow public trial and the
government, through an amendment,
allowed Military Courts to conduct in-
camera trials.
o Similarly, the Army Act bars appellate
jurisdiction of the superior courts over
decisions of military courts. In recent
e
in
cases, the Supreme Court highlighted
az
that the Superior Courts can assume
ag
jurisdiction over the decisions of the
m
er
military in the existence of any of the
on
three situations: an act without
k
jurisdiction, mala fide, or corum non-
ec
er
judice.
th
o The international standards, however,
confine Military Courts’ authority to
ruling in the first instance and appeals
are heard by the civilian courts.
Moreover, Military Appellate Courts,
which are comprised of officials
without any legal education and legal
wisdom, do not comply with
international standards. Likewise,
judgments of Military Courts do not
comply with domestic as well as
international standards as they lack
detailed reasoned judgments.
o In 2012, the Supreme Court directed
Parliament to modify the Army Act, to
meet, at least, the minimum standards,
ensuring fair trials and to make
decisions accessible to the general
public. Nevertheless, these directions
om
are not yet implemented. So far as the
l.c
death penalty is concerned, military
ai
courts are empowered to impose death
gm
@ sentences. However, the imposition of
a death sentence without complying
with the minimum standards of the fair
trial set forth under Articles 9 and 14 of
the ICCPR is considered to be an
infringement of Article 6 of the ICCPR,
which ensures the right to life.
• Way Forward in aftermath of Recent
Decision by Supreme Court
o The recent decision by the Supreme
Court of Pakistan to abolish military
courts has been met with both praise
and criticism. The decision was made in
response to a wave of public outcry
against the use of military courts,
which were introduced in 2015 as part
of the National Action Plan to combat
terrorism.
40
Analytical Essays
o On one hand, many see this decision as
a victory for democracy and human
rights. Military courts operate under a
different set of rules and procedures
compared to civilian courts, leading to
concerns about transparency and fair
trials. The Supreme Court's decision
reaffirms the principle of equal justice
for all citizens, regardless of their
status or alleged crimes.
o However, others argue that the
decision could have negative
consequences for national security.
These military courts were specifically
set up to handle cases of terrorism and
in
insurgency, which are often complex
az
and sensitive in nature. Without these
ag
specialized courts, there are concerns
m
er
that these cases may not receive the
on
same level of attention and expertise.
k
In addition, the decision also raises
ec
o
er
questions about the effectiveness of
th
civilian courts in handling such cases.
The overloaded judicial system in
Pakistan is notorious for its slow pace
and lack of resources, leading to
prolonged delays in trials and a high
number of acquittals. This has fueled
skepticism about whether civilian
courts are equipped to handle cases
related to national security.
o It is now up to the government and
judicial system to address these
concerns and ensure that justice is
served for all citizens. The Supreme
Court's decision should serve as a
wake-up call for the need to strengthen
the civilian judicial system and ensure
its ability to handle sensitive cases
effectively.
o Furthermore, the decision also
om
highlights the need for comprehensive
l.c
legal reforms in Pakistan. The current
ai
criminal justice system is outdated and
gm
@ in dire need of modernization. Reforms
must address not only the handling of
e
national security cases, but also issues
such as witness protection, evidence
collection, and fair trials for all citizens.
• Conclusion: The use of military courts in
Pakistan remains a contentious issue, with
strong arguments presented by both
supporters and critics. While some argue
that these courts are necessary for swift
justice and combatting terrorism, others
believe that they go against fundamental
rights and principles of justice. Ultimately,
the government needs to strike a balance
between national security and upholding
human rights in its use of military courts.
There have been calls for reform and
stricter oversight of these courts to ensure
41
 Analytical Essays
that they are not abused for political gain or
used as a tool of suppression. As Pakistan
continues to face challenges related to
terrorism and national security, the role of
military courts in the justice system will
remain a topic of debate and scrutiny. As
such, it is vital for the government to
carefully consider the implications and
consequences of their use and ensure that
they are used fairly and justly by
stans-military-courts-balancing-
justice-with-security/.
o Establishment of Military Courts in
Pakistan and its Effects on Trichotomy
of Powers: International and Domestic
Standards Bakht Munir Ataullah Khan
Mahmood

om
international standards.

l.c
• Bibliography

ai
o Human Rights Watch, "Pakistan:

gm
Military Courts Undermine due @
Process,"
e
in

https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/08/
az

30/pakistan-military-courts-
ag

undermine-due-process.
m
er

o Amnesty International, "Military

on

Justice System in Pakistan: A Travesty

k

of Justice,"
ec
er

https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/mili
th

tary_justice_system_-_pakistan.pdf.
o Dawn, "Military Courts: A Critical
Analysis,"
https://www.dawn.com/news/127902
1.
o The Diplomat, "Pakistan's Military
Courts: Balancing Justice with
Security,"
http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/paki
42
 Analytical Essays
ECONOMIC TURMOIL
• Introduction: Pakistan has been grappling
with numerous economic challenges over
the years. The economy of Pakistan is
currently struggling to stabilize and
achieve sustainable growth due to a
combination of factors. These include
political instability that has hindered long-
term policy implementation, security issues
that have affected investor confidence,
rampant corruption that has eroded public
trust, persistently high inflation rates that
have impacted the purchasing power of the
general population, and relatively low
levels of foreign direct investment. These
e
in
interconnected issues have posed
az
significant hurdles to Pakistan's economic
ag
development, requiring a comprehensive
m
er
and concerted effort to address and
on
overcome them. In this essay, we shall
k
analyze various factors having direct
ec
er
bearing onto Pakistan’s economy in a view
th
to recommend certain do-able measures
for its improvement.
• Fundamentals of Pakistan Economy
o The economy of Pakistan is classified
as a developing economy. It is the 24th-
largest in terms of GDP based on
purchasing power parity (PPP) and
46th largest in terms of nominal GDP.
As of 2023, the country has a
population of 232 million people.
According to the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), on a per capita
income basis, Pakistan ranked 161st by
GDP (nominal) and 138th by GDP
(PPP). The growth poles of Pakistan's
economy are situated along the Indus
River; the diversified economies of
Karachi and major urban centres in
Punjab (such as Faisalabad, Lahore,
om
Sialkot, Rawalpindi and Gujranwala),
l.c
co-existing with lesser developed areas
ai
in other parts of the country.
gm
o
@ The economy of Pakistan is primarily
driven by agriculture, industry, and
services. The agricultural sector
employs nearly 40% of the country's
labor force and contributes around
20% to the GDP. However, this sector
has been plagued by challenges such as
lack of modernization, low productivity
levels, water scarcity, and insufficient
infrastructure support.
o The industrial sector accounts for
approximately 20% of the GDP and
employs 25% of the labor force.
However, Pakistan's industrial sector
has not been able to achieve its full
potential due to a combination of
factors such as power shortages,
outdated technology, poor
43
 Analytical Essays
management practices, and Although, the economy began to
inadequate investment in research and privatise in the 1990s.
development. o Pakistan was classified as a semi-
o The services sector is the largest industrial economy for first time in late
contributor to Pakistan's GDP, 1990s albeit an underdeveloped
accounting for nearly 60%, with the country with heavy dependence on
majority coming from wholesale and agriculture, textile industry being
retail trade, transportation, and dependent on cotton production.
financial services. Despite its Primary export commodities include
significant contribution to the textiles, leather goods, sports

om
economy, this sector also faces equipment, chemicals, and

l.c
challenges such as a large informal carpets/rugs.

ai
economy, low productivity levels, and o Pakistan is currently undergoing a

gm
limited access to credit for small @ process of economic liberalization,
businesses. including the privatisation of all
e
in

• Historical / Present Perspectives & Future government corporations, which is

az

Scenarios aimed at attracting foreign investment

ag

o In the formative decades of Pakistan, and decreasing budget deficits.

m
er

the economy was largely based on However, the country continues to

on

private industries. Nationalization of face the challenges of rapidly growing

k

significant portion of the sector population, high illiteracy, political

ec
er

including financial services, instability, a hostile neighborhood and

th

manufacturing and transportation had heavy foreign debt.

begun in the early 1970s under
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. With the beginning
of Zia-ul Haq's regime in the 1980s, a
more "Islamic" economy was adopted
which outlawed economic practices
forbidden in Sharīʿah and mandated
traditional religious practices instead.
o Pakistan's economy is estimated to
have contracted in FY23, after two
consecutive years of stellar growth.
Overall, real gross domestic product
(GDP) is estimated to have declined by
0.6 percent in FY23 after growing by
6.1 percent in FY22 and 5.8 percent in
FY21. This contraction is mainly
44
Analytical Essays
attributed to the impact of the COVID- opportunities, and boosting the
19 pandemic, which led to disruptions country's export potential.
in various sectors of the economy, • Impediments / Challenges
including manufacturing, construction, o Impediments: Pakistan possesses vital
and services. Additionally, fiscal natural resources and advantages that
constraints and rising inflation have can be leveraged to unlock its
also contributed to the economic untapped growth potential. With a
slowdown. large and skilled workforce, a growing
o When considering the global middle-class consumer market, and a
perspective, Pakistan's strategic significant diaspora, Pakistan has the

om
location as a bridge between South opportunity to become one of the

l.c
Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East world's largest economies. The goal is

ai
presents immense potential for to become a $2 trillion economy by

gm
economic growth. Situated at the @ Pakistan's 100th anniversary,
crossroads of these regions, Pakistan achieving an annual growth rate of
e
in

stands to benefit from increased trade 7.3%. However, the relevant question
az

and connectivity, becoming a vital link is; why could it not tap its economic
ag

in the emerging economic corridors. potential so far? Following are the main
m
er

o One of the key drivers of Pakistan's reasons:

on

economic growth is the China-Pakistan ▪ Political instability has been a

k

Economic Corridor (CPEC). This recurring challenge for Pakistan's

ec
er

project aims to connect Gwadar Port in economy. Frequent changes in

th

southwestern Pakistan to China's government and political turmoil

northwestern region of Xinjiang, have disrupted long-term policy
through a network of highways, implementation and created an
railways, and pipelines. By improving uncertain business environment.
infrastructure and facilitating trade, This has deterred foreign investors
CPEC is expected to have a and impacted economic progress.
transformative impact on Pakistan's ▪ Security concerns have also posed
economy, attracting foreign significant hurdles to Pakistan's
investment, creating employment economic development. The
45
Analytical Essays
country has been facing internal resources, shallow tooling skills of
conflicts and external threats, workers due to lack of depth in
leading to a fragile security vocational expertise, lack of
situation and impacting investor modern technology, high business
confidence. These challenges have and trade costs, excessive
also affected the tourism sector, industrial and agricultural
which could contribute wastage, illegal trade, lax
significantly to the economy if enforcement of intellectual
stability is achieved. property rights, and low quality
▪ Corruption is another major hard and soft infrastructure, etc.,

om
impediment to Pakistan's have been restricting the

l.c
economic growth. Rampant realization of economic potential.

ai
corruption has eroded public trust ▪ Export-oriented firms face a host

gm
in the government and institutions, @ of constraints to their
leading to a lack of confidence in competitiveness: restricted access
e
in

the economy. This has also to global markets, high energy

az

deterred foreign investors and cost, lack of enforcement of

ag

affected the country's image on international standards, anti-

m
er

the global stage. export bias in policies, delays in

on

▪ Macroeconomic imbalances such payment of tax refunds,

k

as high inflation rates, fiscal unfavorable customs procedures,

ec
er

deficits, and low foreign reserves insufficient skills and rising labor
th

have also had a significant impact costs.

on Pakistan's economy. These ▪ Investors cautiously anticipate
imbalances have resulted in a economic growth amidst
volatile business environment, challenges such as undocumented
reduced consumer purchasing economy, high interest rates,
power, and hindered economic currency depreciation, tax burden,
growth. and more. Concerns also arise from
▪ Low private investment, weak contract enforcement, commercial
institutions, low-quality human dispute resolution, and trade
46
Analytical Essays
barriers. Reforms are needed to ▪ Tax regimes are overly
strengthen local institutions and complicated, with high rates and
rebuild relationships with major frequent ad hoc changes. Weak tax
trading partners. administration and compliance
have fostered a culture of tax
o Poor Fiscal Discipline – A Major evasion. Expanding the tax net is
Challenge challenging due to tax avoidance
▪ Fiscal discipline refers to incentives and low per capita
governments maintaining sound income levels.
financial policies regarding ▪ Government expenditures are on

om
revenue, expenditures, and debt. par with other developing

l.c
In Pakistan, fiscal mismanagement economies but high given

ai
by successive governments has led Pakistan's overall fiscal position.

gm
to chronic crises. This includes low @ Defense accounts for 12-14% of
government revenue, high and annual general government
e
in

rigid expenditures, persistent expenditures and 2-3% of GDP due

az

fiscal deficits, and mounting public to geopolitical risks.

ag

debt that constrains welfare and ▪ The government sector consumes

m
er

development spending needed for around 70% of domestic banking

on

economic growth. credit, and annual debt servicing

k

Pakistan has one of the lowest costs for FY24 are budgeted at Rs
ec

▪
er

government revenue to GDP 7.3 trillion, nearly 40% of budgeted

th

ratios globally. Indirect taxes government revenue.

account for 40-50% of annual Inefficiencies and misaligned
general government revenue, policies have resulted in a circular
while direct taxes and non-tax debt of over Rs. 4 trillion in the
revenue each account for 25-30%. energy sector. Low revenue
In comparison, direct taxes make collection and rigid expenditures
up 50-60% of government revenue necessitate borrowing, widening
in India. the fiscal deficit and increasing
debt servicing costs.
47
Analytical Essays
o Challenges from IMF & International between the two was signed in
Donors 2019, under which Pakistan
▪ Pakistan has a long history of received a loan of $6 billion to
financial assistance from the support its economic reform
International Monetary Fund program.
(IMF). The first loan agreement ▪ The IMF has also been actively
between Pakistan and the IMF was involved in monitoring and
signed in 1958. Since then, advising on Pakistan's economic
Pakistan has received several policies, particularly in areas such
loans and aid packages from the as reducing government deficits,

om
IMF to support its economy and increasing tax revenues and

l.c
address various economic improving external balances. The

ai
challenges. organization has also stressed the

gm
▪ Over the years, the relationship @ need for structural reforms to
between Pakistan and the IMF has improve the country's business
e
in

been both positive and climate and attract foreign

az

contentious. On one hand, the IMF investment.

ag

has provided much-needed ▪ While Pakistan's relationship with

m
er

financial assistance to Pakistan the IMF has been vital in providing

on

during times of economic turmoil. financial support, it has also faced

k

On the other hand, the strict criticism for perpetuating a cycle

ec
er

conditions attached to these loans of debt dependency. Many argue

th

have often been met with criticism
and opposition from
sections of Pakistani society.
▪ In recent years, the IMF and
Pakistan have entered into several
loan agreements in an effort to
stabilize the country's economy
and address its growing debt
burden. The latest agreement
that the strict conditions attached
various to IMF loans have had adverse
effects on the country's economy
and its people, leading to issues
such as inflation, unemployment
and a widening income gap.
• Way Forward / Recommendations: The
government of Pakistan has taken several
initiatives to address the economic
48
Analytical Essays
challenges faced by the country. In recent reducing non-development
years, various reforms have been expenditure to allocate more
implemented to improve the business resources for critical sectors such
environment and attract foreign as education, healthcare, and
investment. The establishment of special infrastructure development.
economic zones, tax incentives for o Investment Promotion and Ease of
investors, austerity measures, and efforts Doing Business
to address energy shortages are some ▪ Pakistan should actively promote
examples of these initiatives. Furthermore, domestic and foreign investment
the government has also focused on to stimulate economic growth and

om
promoting regional trade and connectivity job creation. The government must

l.c
through projects such as CPEC. This has the improve the ease of doing business

ai
potential to not only boost Pakistan's by simplifying regulations,

gm
economy but also contribute to regional @ streamlining bureaucratic
economic integration and stability. procedures, and ensuring investor
e
in

However, following need consideration to protection. Special economic

az

further improve the economic situation: - zones can be established to attract

ag

o Fiscal Management and Revenue foreign direct investment (FDI)

m
er

Enhancement and foster innovation and

on

▪ Pakistan needs to implement technology transfer. Additionally,

k

effective fiscal management providing incentives such as tax

ec
er

policies to enhance revenue breaks, infrastructure

th

generation and control development, and skilled labor can

expenditures. This can be achieved further enhance Pakistan's
through measures such as attractiveness as an investment
broadening the tax base, destination.
improving tax administration, o Export Diversification and Trade
eliminating tax evasion, and Liberalization
reducing corruption. The ▪ To reduce reliance on a few export
government should also prioritize sectors and increase resilience to
rationalizing subsidies and global economic fluctuations,
49
Analytical Essays
Pakistan should diversify its export performance. Furthermore,
base. Encouraging export-oriented empowering women through
industries, supporting small and education and participation in the
medium enterprises (SMEs), and workforce can unlock their
developing high-value-added potential as drivers of economic
products can help boost exports. growth.
Furthermore, the government o Infrastructure Development
should focus on negotiating ▪ Investing in infrastructure is
bilateral and multilateral trade essential for economic progress.
agreements to expand market Pakistan needs to prioritize the

om
access for Pakistani goods and development of transportation

l.c
services. Trade liberalization can networks, energy infrastructure,

ai
promote competitiveness, attract and digital connectivity. These

gm
foreign investment, and foster @ investments can enhance
economic growth. productivity, attract investment,
e
in

o Human Capital Development and reduce logistical costs. Public-

az

▪ Investing in human capital is private partnerships can be

ag

crucial for economic development. leveraged to mobilize additional

m
er

Pakistan should prioritize resources and expertise for

on

education and skill development of infrastructure projects. Moreover,

k

its youth to create a competent sustainable and climate-resilient

ec
er

workforce capable of meeting the infrastructure development can

th

demands of a modern economy. contribute to environmental

Enhancing the quality of conservation and promote green
education, promoting technical growth.
and vocational training, and o Agricultural Reforms
bridging the gap between ▪ Agriculture plays a vital role in
academia and industry can Pakistan's economy, employing a
significantly contribute to significant portion of the
improving productivity, population and contributing to
innovation, and overall economic exports. Implementing
50
Analytical Essays
comprehensive agricultural SMEs and entrepreneurs can spur
reforms can boost productivity, entrepreneurship and job creation.
increase farmers' incomes, and o Institutional Reforms and
reduce poverty in rural areas. Key Governance
measures include improving ▪ Efficient and accountable
access to credit, introducing institutions are crucial for
modern farming techniques, economic development. Pakistan
enhancing irrigation systems, needs to focus on institutional
promoting crop diversification, reforms, reducing bureaucracy,
and investing in research and and strengthening the rule of law.

om
development. Strengthening value Transparent and merit-based

l.c
chains and promoting agro- recruitment processes, effective

ai
processing industries can also add anti-corruption measures, and

gm
value to agricultural produce. @ robust regulatory frameworks are
o Financial Sector Reforms necessary to foster a business-
e
in

▪ Pakistan's financial sector needs friendly environment and attract

az

reforms to enhance its stability, investment. Moreover,

ag

efficiency, and inclusiveness. decentralization of power and

m
er

Strengthening regulatory greater fiscal autonomy for local

on

frameworks, improving corporate governments can enhance service

k

governance, and enhancing the delivery and empower

ec
er

transparency and accountability of communities.

th

financial institutions are essential. o Fiscal Discipline

Additionally, expanding access to ▪ Fiscal discipline must be embraced
financial services, promoting immediately to create room for
microfinance, and developing growth-oriented spending. This
Islamic banking can support requires setting time-bound
financial inclusion and empower targets to rein in fiscal deficits and
marginalized communities. public debt, and creating fiscal
Facilitating access to credit for rules that place ceilings on fiscal
deficits and public debt and
51
Analytical Essays
rationalize government revenues entrepreneurship, especially by
and expenditures to ensure long- encouraging educated youth.
term and intergenerational debt Establish science and technology
sustainability. industrial parks (first of its kind has
▪ Fiscal rules must be accompanied been recently established by
by a multipronged overhaul of the NUST) to satisfy the technology
tax regime towards a growth- needs of existing firms and
friendly structure, and a shift from startups.
reliance on indirect taxes and non- • Conclusion
tax revenue towards direct taxes o In conclusion, Pakistan's economy has

om
by reducing tax rates and faced numerous challenges in the past,

l.c
expanding the tax base. but the government has taken several

ai
o Dealing with International Donors initiatives and measures to address

gm
▪ As Pakistan continues to navigate @ these issues. With continued efforts to
its economic challenges, the role of promote inclusive growth, strengthen
e
in

the IMF in providing financial institutions, and improve governance,

az

assistance and guidance will Pakistan can overcome its current

ag

remain crucial. However, the IMF economic challenges and achieve

m
er

and Pakistan need to work sustainable development for all its

on

together to ensure that loan citizens. It is essential for the

k

conditions are not too harsh or government to work closely with the
ec
er

detrimental to the country's private sector, civil society, and other

th

economy and its people. IMF must stakeholders to create a conducive

be got realized about the social environment for economic growth and
impact of its policies and tailor social development. By doing so,
them accordingly to promote Pakistan can become a prosperous and
sustainable development in stable nation in the years to come. So, it
Pakistan. is important for all stakeholders to
o Academia & Research continue working together towards
▪ Adoption of modern technology to this goal of a thriving economy that
spur innovation and benefits all its citizens. With
52
 Analytical Essays
determination, perseverance, and o World Bank. (2020, October 28).
collaboration, Pakistan can achieve Pakistan Overview. Retrieved from
long-term economic prosperity and https://www.worldbank.org/en/count
stability. The future of Pakistan's ry/pakistan/overview
economy is bright, and it is up to all of o World Bank. (2020, October 28). South
us to work towards making it a reality. Asia Economic Focus: The Pandemic's
So, let's continue to support and invest Long-Term Impact on Poverty in South
in our country's growth and Asia. Retrieved from
development for the betterment of our https://www.worldbank.org/en/region
nation and its people. Let's pave the /sar/publication/south-asia-economic-

om
way towards a brighter, more focus-fall-2020-pandemics-long-term-

l.c
prosperous future for Pakistan. impact-on-poverty-in-south-asia

ai
• References o World Bank. (2020, October 28). South

gm
o Population Reference Bureau. (2020). @ Asia Economic Focus: South Asia's
Pakistan - Country Profile. Retrieved Turn Through the Pandemic. Retrieved
e
in

from from
az

https://www.prb.org/country/pakista https://www.worldbank.org/en/region
ag

n/ /sar/publication/south-asia-economic-
m
er

o World Bank. (2020, October 28). focus-spring-2021-south-asias-turn-

on

World Bank Group Country through-the-pandemic

k

Partnership Framework for the Islamic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom

ec

o
er

Republic of Pakistan (FY20-FY25): y_of_Pakistan

th

Enhancing Institutional Capacity and o https://www.brecorder.com/news/40

Leveraging Connectivity for Shared 259294
Prosperity in South Asia. Retrieved o https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/strat
from egies-improving-pakistans-economy-
https://www.worldbank.org/en/count ashraf-janjua
ry/pakistan/publication/pakistan-cpf-
fy20-fy25-enhancing-institutional-
capacity-and-leveraging-connectivity-
for-shared-prosperity-in-south-asia
53
 Analytical Essays
CLIMATE CHALLENGES
• Introduction
o As the global impact of climate change
persists, Pakistan is grappling with an
array of increasingly
consequences. The nation is not only
confronted with perilous floods that
wreak havoc on communities but also
facing the alarming escalation of
temperatures, breaking record-high
more sustainable future for citizens of
Pakistan.
• Global Perspective of Climate Change
o Climate change is a complex and far-
severe reaching global phenomenon, with the
planet bearing witness to
unprecedented occurrences that are
profoundly impacting every corner of
the world. The effects of climate
change are multifaceted, ranging from

om
levels year after year. These rising temperatures and changing

l.c
unprecedented challenges are just a weather patterns to more frequent and

ai
glimpse of the multifaceted severe natural disasters.

gm
environmental issues that Pakistan is o
@ According to the World
contending with due to the relentless Meteorological Organization (WMO),
e
in

effects of climate change. From the the Earth's surface temperature has
az

devastating loss of biodiversity to the risen by approximately 1.1°C since pre-

ag

scarcity of water resources, the industrial times, a significant increase

m
er

country is enduring a wide range of that has occurred over a relatively

on

ecological disruptions that threaten its short period. This temperature rise is
k

ecosystems and livelihoods. The not only a cause for concern but also a
ec
er

urgency to address and mitigate these stark reminder of the urgent need for
th

concerns has never been more critical, action.

as the well-being and sustainability of o Furthermore, the acceleration of this
Pakistan's future generations hang in temperature increase is another
the balance. alarming factor. The rate at which our
o This article will explore some of these planet is warming is accelerating,
challenges along with potential exacerbating the already dire
solutions that could contribute to consequences of climate change. It is
mitigating their effects and ensuring a crucial to understand that these
changes have far-reaching implications
54
 Analytical Essays
for ecosystems, biodiversity, human plans, impede work productivity,
health, and socio-economic systems. and present a genuine threat to
o Addressing climate change requires a those caught off-guard. It is crucial
comprehensive and collaborative to be prepared and stay vigilant to
approach, involving governments, mitigate the risks associated with
businesses, communities, and these extreme climate conditions.
individuals. By taking collective action o Monsoon Rains and Flooding
and implementing sustainable ▪ Monsoon rains can bring relief
practices, we can work towards from the scorching summer heat,
mitigating the impacts of climate making them a much-awaited

om
change and securing a more season in many parts of the world.

l.c
sustainable future for generations to However, with the heavy rainfall

ai
come. comes the risk of flooding that can

gm
• Effects of Climate Change @ cause extensive damage to homes,
o Temperature Extremes infrastructure, and crops. Floods
e
in

▪ Extreme temperatures, whether disrupt the lives of millions of

az

scorching or freezing, can have a people, leaving them homeless and

ag

profound impact on our daily lives. with scarce resources to survive.

m
er

In regions where the mercury While some regions have

on

soars, relentless heat waves can developed robust infrastructure to

k

unleash their wrath, causing not mitigate the impact of monsoon

ec
er

only severe heat strokes but also flooding, others are still struggling
th

dangerous levels of dehydration. to cope with the aftermath of these

Tragically, these conditions can natural disasters. In the end, one
even lead to fatalities in some thing is clear – monsoon rains and
cases. Conversely, in colder flooding are a double-edged
regions, extreme weather sword, both a blessing and a curse
conditions such as blizzards and to those impacted by them.
frost can wreak havoc on day-to- o Air Pollution
day activities. These unpredictable ▪ Air pollution is a significant global
forces of nature can disrupt travel issue that has far-reaching impacts
55
Analytical Essays
on people worldwide. It arises from has become increasingly limited
a multitude of sources, including for many people. In some regions,
vehicle emissions, industrial prolonged droughts have left crops
activities, and even natural withered and livestock struggling
occurrences like forest fires. The to survive. The lack of water has
detrimental effects of air pollution also led to an increase in health
are felt not only by human health problems as people are forced to
but also by the environment as a drink contaminated water or go
whole. When we inhale polluted without proper sanitation
air, it can lead to respiratory issues, facilities. While efforts have been

om
allergies, and various other made to conserve water and

l.c
illnesses, impairing our overall increase access to clean sources,

ai
well-being. Moreover, the the battle against drought and

gm
consequences of air pollution @ water scarcity is far from over. It
extend beyond health concerns. It will require a concerted effort
e
in

also plays a role in climate change, from governments, communities,

az

contributing to the alteration of and individuals to ensure that

ag

weather patterns and the everyone has access to the vital

m
er

depletion of the ozone layer. These resource that is water.

on

interconnected factors highlight o Loss of Biodiversity

k

the urgency of addressing air Climate change is not only having a

ec

▪
er

pollution and finding sustainable devastating impact on the Earth's

th

solutions to safeguard our health biodiversity but also posing a grave

and the planet. threat to the delicate balance of
o Drought and Water Scarcity ecosystems worldwide. As
▪ Drought and water scarcity have temperatures continue to rise and
become pressing issues affecting weather patterns become
communities across the globe. increasingly unpredictable, the
With changing climate patterns disruption of habitats and the
and a growing demand for water subsequent loss of species are
resources, access to fresh water occurring at an alarming rate. This
56
 Analytical Essays
loss of biodiversity carries far- last century, and the frequency of
reaching consequences that heatwaves has doubled since 1960.
extend beyond environmental The impacts of these changes have
concerns. It directly affects food been devastating, with increased
security as the intricate web of incidents of droughts, floods, and
species interactions is disrupted, cyclones causing loss of life,
leading to potential disruptions in displacement, and damage to
crop pollination and natural pest infrastructure. The agricultural sector,
control. Moreover, the loss of which is the backbone of Pakistan’s
biodiversity also jeopardizes the economy, has also been heavily

om
development of life-saving impacted by erratic weather patterns,

l.c
medicines derived from natural leading to decreased crop yields and

ai
sources, as many of these valuable economic losses.

gm
resources could be lost forever. o
@ In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed
Given the urgency of the situation, a significant increase in the frequency
e
in

it is imperative that we take and intensity of natural disasters due

az

immediate action to address to the effects of climate change. This

ag

climate change and implement includes devastating heatwaves,

m
er

measures to protect our planet's destructive floods, sudden glacial lake

on

invaluable biodiversity for the sake outburst floods (GLOFs), and

k

of current and future generations. prolonged droughts. These

ec
er

• Challenges Faced by Pakistan catastrophic events have not only

th

o With every passing year, Pakistan is
experiencing notable changes in its
climate patterns and extreme weather
events. According to the 2019 Global
Climate Risk Index, Pakistan ranks fifth
among countries most affected by
climate change in the last 20 years. The
country has witnessed a rise in
temperatures by almost 2°C over the
caused substantial economic losses but
have also resulted in the displacement
of communities and tragically claimed
numerous lives. The impact of these
disasters on the country's
infrastructure, agriculture, and overall
well-being of its people cannot be
overstated. It is crucial for Pakistan,
along with international efforts, to
57
Analytical Essays
prioritize climate resilience and sulfur oxides, and particulate matter
mitigation strategies to address the are trapped close to the ground due to
growing challenges posed by these weather conditions and human
natural disasters. activities. In Pakistan, smog has
o Moreover, the degradation of natural become a severe problem during the
resources due to climate change, such winter months, especially in cities like
as deforestation and pollution, has also Lahore and Karachi. The combination
significantly contributed to the decline of industrial emissions, vehicle
of biodiversity and ecosystems in exhaust, and agricultural burning
Pakistan. This decline poses a creates a thick layer of smog that can

om
significant threat not only to the have detrimental effects on human

l.c
country's food security and water health.

ai
availability but also to the overall o Exposure to smog has been linked to

gm
environmental health and @ respiratory problems such as asthma,
sustainability. As habitats are bronchitis, and lung cancer. It is
e
in

destroyed and species are lost, the particularly harmful to vulnerable

az

delicate balance of ecosystems is populations such as children, the

ag

disrupted, leading to further negative elderly, and those with pre-existing

m
er

consequences for both humans and health conditions. Smog also has a
on

wildlife. Immediate action must be significant impact on the economy, as it

k

taken to address these environmental can disrupt transportation systems,

ec
er

challenges and promote sustainable decrease productivity due to sick days

th

practices to protect and restore the taken by employees, and increase

rich biodiversity of Pakistan for future healthcare costs.
generations. • Govt’s Efforts to Mitigate the Climatic
o One of the major environmental Challenges
challenges faced by Pakistan is the o The government of Pakistan has
issue of smog, particularly in its urban recognized the urgency and severity of
centers. Smog is a type of air pollution climate change's effects and is taking
that occurs when large amounts of steps to address them. It has set
pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, ambitious targets for reducing
58
Analytical Essays
greenhouse gas emissions, promoting
renewable energy sources, and
implementing environmentally
friendly policies.
o To mitigate the impacts of climate
change, Pakistan has implemented
several initiatives to reduce its carbon
footprint and promote sustainable
practices. These include the National
Climate Change Policy, which aims to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions
through various strategies, such as
promoting renewable energy sources
and improving energy efficiency. The
government also launched the Clean
in
Green Pakistan Initiative, which aims
az
to tackle environmental issues such as
ag
pollution and deforestation through
m
er
various initiatives, including
on
afforestation drives. The country has
k
also launched a National Disaster
ec
er
Management Plan to better prepare
th
for and respond to natural disasters.
o Afforestation involves planting trees to
create forests, combat deforestation,
address climate change, and promote
sustainable development. In Pakistan,
the government and NGOs focus on
afforestation due to high deforestation
rates. Deforestation in Pakistan causes
environmental damage like soil
erosion, loss of biodiversity, and
contributes to climate change. To
combat this, the government launched
the "Billion Tree Tsunami" project,
planting one billion trees in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa ahead of schedule.
NGOs like WWF-Pakistan collaborate
with communities to raise awareness
and provide livelihood opportunities.
Afforestation in Pakistan has
om
numerous benefits, including
l.c
mitigating climate change, preventing
ai
soil erosion, and promoting socio-
gm
@ economic development. Challenges
remain, such as planning, monitoring,
e
financial resources, and community
involvement.
o Furthermore, efforts are being made to
promote renewable energy sources,
such as solar and wind power, to
reduce reliance on fossil fuels and
decrease carbon emissions.
Additionally, the government has also
initiated projects to protect and
restore natural habitats, such as
mangroves, wetlands, and forests.
o Pakistan, being well aware of the
challenges posed by climate change, is
actively engaged in implementing
robust adaptation strategies. These
strategies encompass a range of
59
Analytical Essays
measures, such as the development of
advanced early warning systems to
effectively respond to natural
disasters. Additionally, Pakistan is
investing in the construction of flood-
resistant infrastructure to safeguard
communities and minimize the impact
of floods. Furthermore, efforts are
being made to promote the cultivation
of drought-tolerant crops, ensuring
food security even in arid regions.
o In addition to national efforts, Pakistan
has also been actively participating in
international climate change
conferences and forums. In 2016,
e
in
Pakistan ratified the Paris Agreement
az
on Climate Change, committing to
ag
reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by
m
er
20% by 2030. In 2019, Pakistan hosted
on
the World Environment Day and the
k
International Conference on Climate
ec
er
Change, highlighting its commitment
th
to address climate change at a global
level.
o Pakistan's efforts have not gone
unnoticed, as it has been recognized by
international organizations for its
progress in addressing climate change.
In 2019, the United Nations
Development Programme included
Pakistan in top ten countries that had
made significant progress in meeting
the Sustainable Development Goals
related to climate change.
o Pakistan has made significant strides in
renewable energy commitments at
various international forums by
pledging to add 30% clean energy to its
national grid by 2030, with a focus on
hydro, wind, and solar energy sources.
o Addressing the World Climate Action
om
Summit at COP28 in Dubai, on 2 Dec
l.c
2023, Interim Prime Minister
ai
emphasized that climate change poses
gm
@ an existential threat to humanity. He
highlighted the need for action,
particularly through the activation of
means of implementation such as
climate finance, technology transfer,
and capacity building. He also stressed
the importance of achieving climate
justice and fulfilling the commitment of
$100 billion for climate finance. He
also urged developed countries to take
the lead in raising global mitigation
ambitions.
• Way Forward and Recommendations
o To effectively address the challenges
posed by climate change in Pakistan,
policymakers must recognize the
urgency and take bold actions to
prioritize and invest in sustainable
60
Analytical Essays
solutions. This entails implementing would raise awareness and encourage
more stringent regulations and policies participation. Monitoring progress
to curtail carbon emissions, promoting through a dedicated team and
the widespread adoption of renewable involving communities through
energy sources such as solar and wind initiatives like tree-planting
power, preserving and restoring competitions would also be supportive
natural habitats to safeguard to the cause. Continuous evaluation
biodiversity, and bolstering disaster and adjustments may be instituted in
management strategies to mitigate the view of environmental factors, funding,
impacts of extreme weather events and stakeholder feedback.

om
and other climate-related hazards. o Water is a precious resource,

l.c
o Furthermore, comprehensive especially with changing climate

ai
education and awareness initiatives patterns and growing populations.

gm
are crucial to effectively educate the @ Conserving and maximizing every drop
public about the significance of is crucial. Technique like water
e
in

sustainable practices and their role in harvesting may be effectively used.

az

mitigating the adverse effects of There are various methods, from

ag

climate change. It is imperative to simple rain barrels to complex systems

m
er

empower communities to adapt to the that filter and treat rain water for
on

ever-changing climate conditions by drinking and household purposes.

k

implementing sustainable agriculture Benefits include reducing strain on

ec
er

practices and constructing resilient water supplies and providing irrigation

th

infrastructure. for gardens. Implementing water

o Govt to devise a comprehensive 10 harvesting techniques would help to
Years Afforestation Plan, considering ensure the sustainability of this
different perspectives and needs with precious resource especially in urban
the involvement of all stakeholders like areas.
NGOs, local communities, and o To address the current and future
corporate sector. Launching a national challenges posed by climate change,
afforestation campaign through media, Pakistan needs to invest in new dams.
outreach programs, and workshops These structures can help regulate
61
Analytical Essays
water flow, store excess water during
times of high rainfall, and release it
during dry periods. By doing so, they
can mitigate the impact of droughts
and floods, which are becoming more
frequent and severe due to climate
change. The benefits of new dams
extend beyond just water
management. These structures can
also generate hydropower, providing a
reliable and renewable source of
energy for the country. In addition,
they can help with irrigation, improving
agricultural productivity and food
security. Dams can also provide
in
recreational opportunities and support
az
tourism, boosting local economies.
ag
o To address the issue of air pollution /
m
er
smog in Pakistan, there needs to be a
on
multi-pronged approach that includes
k
stricter regulations on industries and
ec
er
vehicles, the promotion of alternative
th
modes of transportation, and
promoting cleaner sources of energy.
This can be achieved by not only
promoting the use of electric and
hybrid vehicles but also by investing in
robust and efficient public
transportation systems. Furthermore,
it is crucial to enforce stricter emission
standards for industries, ensuring that
they adhere to environmentally
friendly practices.
o No one can control the weather, but
accurate weather forecasting can help
us prepare for what's to come. With the
advancements in technology, weather
forecasting systems have come a long
way in recent years. Improved weather
forecasting systems can help us to
prepare for extreme weather events,
om
such as hurricanes or tornados, by
l.c
alerting us in advance and giving us
ai
time to make necessary preparations.
gm
• Conclusion. In conclusion, the challenges
@
posed by climate change in Pakistan are
e
significant and multifaceted. All
stakeholders must take immediate action
towards mitigating its effects and
promoting sustainability. With collective
efforts and a comprehensive approach, we
can work towards securing a more resilient
future for Pakistan and the planet as a
whole. Overall, addressing climate change
is not just a matter of environmental
concern, but it is also crucial for the
economic and social well-being of Pakistan
and its people. Let us all work together
towards creating a more sustainable world
for ourselves and future generations.
62
 Analytical Essays
• References
o IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014:
Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.
Part B: Regional Aspects. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
o Ahmed, M., & Suphachalasai, S., 2014:
Assessing the Costs of Climate Change
and Adaptation in South Asia. Asian
Development Bank, Manila.

om
o Pakistan Meteorological Department,

l.c
2015: Climate Change Indicators of

ai
Pakistan. Technical Report No. PMD-

gm
22/2015. @
o Government of Pakistan, 2012:
e
in

National Climate Change Policy.

az

Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad.

ag

o World Bank, 2018: Climate-Smart

m
er

Agriculture in Pakistan. CSA Country

on

Profiles for Asia Series. Washington,

k

D.C.
ec
er

o Khan, A., & Mustafa, D., 2016: Spatial

th

and Temporal Variations of Climate

Change in Pakistan. Journal of
Geographical Sciences, 26, 1583-1603.
o Khan, T., & Gadiwala, M., 2019: A
Review on Impacts of Climate Change
on Pakistan and its Coping Strategies.
Environmental Science and Pollution
Research, 26, 3109-3120

63
 Analytical Essays
ANTI-POLIO CAMPAIGN IN PAKISTAN involve public participation and ensure
that the message gets widely circulated
• Introduction
throughout communities nationwide.
o The anti-polio campaign in Pakistan,
• Historical Perspective
which commenced in the early 1990s,
o Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is a
has been a monumental endeavor with
highly infectious viral disease that
the ambitious goal of eradicating the
mainly affects young children under
poliovirus from the country. This
the age of 5. It can cause paralysis and
extensive and far-reaching public
even death in severe cases. The
health initiative stands as one of the
poliovirus is transmitted through
largest and most significant efforts in

om
contaminated food, water or direct
Pakistan's history. It has been a

l.c
contact with an infected person.
collaborative undertaking, bringing

ai
Pakistan's first documented case of

gm
together the collective efforts of the
polio dates back to 1978, marking the
Govt of Pakistan, United Nations
@
beginning of a long and arduous battle
e
agencies, and numerous NGOs, all
in

against this debilitating disease. Over

az

working tirelessly towards the

the years, the country has faced
ag

common objective of creating a polio-

numerous outbreaks and epidemics,
m

free nation.
er

posing significant challenges to public

o Decades of effort have made it possible
on

health. However, it was in the late

to bring polio cases down to just 12
k

1980s that the Govt of Pakistan

ec

cases globally in 2020 but the battle is

er

recognized the gravity of the situation

far from over. In Pakistan, where
th

and adopted a more determined

immunization rates remain low and
approach towards eradicating polio.
only 40% of children are fully
o In 1994, a pivotal milestone was
vaccinated against the virus, an anti-
reached when the National
polio campaign is critical for both
Immunization Day (NID) campaign was
protecting its citizens and eradicating
launched in collaboration with World
this infectious disease once and for all.
Health Organization (WHO) and the
This essay will look at what makes the
United Nations Children's Fund
Anti Polio Campaign so important for
(UNICEF). The campaign aimed to
Pakistanis as well as how best to
64
Analytical Essays
vaccinate all children under the age of through primary healthcare facilities
five against polio through mass and outreach services.
immunization campaigns, community o The anti-polio campaign has had a
outreach programs, and routine tremendous impact in reducing the
immunizations. It also focused on number of polio cases in Pakistan. In
creating awareness about polio and its 1994, there were over 20,000
prevention among communities. Since recorded cases, whereas in 2020, there
then, these immunization drives have were only 147. This dramatic decrease
become a cornerstone of Pakistan's can be attributed to the consistent
comprehensive polio eradication efforts of the Govt and partner

om
strategy. organizations. The campaign has also

l.c
o Through the relentless dedication of aimed to improve overall healthcare

ai
healthcare professionals, community infrastructure, leading to increased

gm
workers, and volunteers, Pakistan has @ access to routine immunizations and
made commendable progress in its other essential health services for
e
in

fight against polio. These immunization children.

az

campaigns have played a vital role in • Successes and Benefits Accrued So Far
ag

reaching even the most remote and o The Anti-polio campaign in Pakistan
m
er

marginalized communities, ensuring has not only been a success in reducing

on

that every child receives the protection the spread of polio but has also brought
k

they need. about significant benefits for public

ec
er

o According to data from the WHO, over health. As immunization rates have
th

3.5 billion doses of oral polio vaccine increased, there has been a noticeable
have been administered in Pakistan decline in other vaccine-preventable
since the launch of the NID campaign in diseases such as measles and
1994. This includes over 250 million diphtheria. In addition, the campaign
doses given to children during each has contributed to strengthening the
annual National Immunization Day. In country's overall healthcare system,
addition, efforts are also being made to helping to improve maternal and child
provide routine immunizations health outcomes.

65
Analytical Essays
o Furthermore, the anti-polio campaign
has also had a positive impact on the
economy by reducing the financial
burden of caring for individuals with
polio-related disabilities. The high cost
of treating paralysis and other long-
term effects of polio can result in
families falling into poverty, creating a
vicious cycle that perpetuates the cycle
of poverty.
o Although challenges persist, Pakistan
remains committed to achieving a
polio-free future. The collective efforts
of the Govt, international
organizations, and local communities
continue to drive forward the mission
of eradicating polio from the country
once and for all.
• Concerns / Challenges: As of now, Pakistan
is one of the two countries in the world

om
o Additionally, the campaign has also where polio remains endemic. However,

l.c
brought communities together and with the continued efforts of the anti-polio

ai
fostered a sense of unity and collective campaign and collaboration with

gm
responsibility towards protecting international
@ organizations, significant
children from polio. The involvement of progress has been made towards
e
in

thousands of community volunteers eradicating this disease from the country.

az

has helped to build trust between Despite significant progress, Pakistan has
ag

healthcare providers and families, faced many challenges in its fight against
m
er

encouraging them to seek out polio. One of the most significant hurdles
on

immunization services. has been misinformation and

k

Despite the challenges, Pakistan has misconceptions about the vaccine itself.
ec

o
er

made significant progress in its anti- There have been instances where militant
th

polio campaign. As of early 2023, there
have been only 6 reported cases of
polio in the country. This is a significant
improvement from over 300 cases
reported in 2014. However, it is
essential to remain vigilant and
continue efforts to achieve complete
eradication of the poliovirus.
groups and local leaders have spread false
rumors about the vaccine, leading to
resistance and even attacks on healthcare
workers. Additionally, inaccessible and
remote areas, lack of proper infrastructure,
and political instability have also posed
significant obstacles. A brief account of
these challenges is as under:-

66
Analytical Essays
o Financial Constraints: As a developing
country, Pakistan has limited resources
to allocate towards public health
initiatives. The fight against polio
requires significant funds for vaccines,
research, and infrastructure
development, which can strain the
already limited budget allocated for
healthcare.
o Social Challenges: In addition to
o Political Instability: Political instability
has also had a significant impact on the
anti-polio campaign in Pakistan.
Changes in Govt leadership, frequent
reshuffling of staff, and political
tensions have at times disrupted the
continuity of efforts towards polio
eradication.
o Security Challenges: One of the most
pressing challenges faced by the anti-

om
practical and logistical challenges, the polio campaign in Pakistan is the

l.c
anti-polio campaign has also faced security and safety of healthcare

ai
social barriers. These include cultural workers. In recent years, there have

gm
beliefs and practices, illiteracy, and a @ been numerous attacks on polio teams,
lack of understanding about the leading to injuries and even deaths.
e
in

importance of vaccination. Addressing These attacks not only endanger the

az

these societal challenges requires lives of those involved in the campaign

ag

sustained efforts in raising awareness but also hinder progress towards

m
er

and educating communities on the achieving a polio-free nation.

on

benefits of polio vaccinations. o COVID-19 Gap: The COVID-19

k

Logistics Issues: The sheer scale and pandemic posed new challenges for the
ec

o
er

scope of the anti-polio campaign in anti-polio campaign. Due to strict

th

Pakistan present significant logistical lockdown measures, mass vaccination

challenges. This includes ensuring that campaigns have been suspended,
vaccines are stored and transported leading to a disruption in routine
properly, recruiting and training immunizations. This has raised
healthcare workers and volunteers, concerns about potential outbreaks of
and conducting large-scale vaccine-preventable diseases,
immunization drives in a timely including polio.
manner. o Broader Issues: In addition to the
challenges faced by the anti-polio
67
 Analytical Essays
campaign in Pakistan, there are also monitoring and surveillance to
broader issues that need to be overcome challenges and make
addressed in order to achieve global progress towards a polio-free world.
polio eradication. These include o Social Mobilization: The involvement
equitable access to healthcare, political of community leaders, religious figures,
commitment, and the need for strong and volunteers has played a vital role in
healthcare systems in developing raising awareness and addressing
countries. The fight against polio is not misconceptions about the polio
just about eradicating one disease; it vaccine. This approach has helped to
also highlights the importance of build trust and acceptance within

om
investing in public health communities.

l.c
infrastructure and ensuring that all o Innovative Solutions: To tackle the

ai
children have access to life-saving issue of inaccessibility, the anti-polio

gm
vaccines. @ campaign has employed innovative
• Initiatives by the Govt: Despite these solutions such as mobile vaccination
e
in

challenges, the anti-polio campaign in teams and drone technology to reach

az

Pakistan has continued to push forward remote areas. This has significantly
ag

with determination and perseverance. The improved vaccine coverage in hard-to-

m
er

Govt, along with international reach communities.

on

organizations such as the World Health o Security Measures: The Govt, along
k

Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, have with security agencies, have

ec
er

implemented various strategies to address implemented strict security protocols

th

these obstacles. These efforts include:- to protect healthcare workers during

o National Emergency Action Plan: The immunization drives. This has helped to
programme launched by the Govt of mitigate risks and ensure the safety of
Pakistan, in collaboration with those involved in the campaign.
international organizations, aims to o Collaboration and Coordination:
address these challenges and achieve a Collaboration between Govt
polio-free nation. This plan highlights authorities, international
the importance of coordination, organizations, and local communities
innovative approaches, and continued has been crucial in addressing
68
 Analytical Essays
challenges and finding solutions time data collection and analysis to
together. Regular coordination detect any potential outbreaks.
meetings are held to ensure efficient o Strengthening Healthcare
planning and execution of vaccination Infrastructure: In addition to the
campaigns. specific challenges posed by polio,
o Surveillance & Monitoring: In addition, Pakistan's overall healthcare
there is also a focus on surveillance and infrastructure needs improvement.
monitoring to quickly detect and The Govt, along with international
respond to any new cases of polio. This organizations, should work towards
involves conducting regular developing a robust healthcare system

om
environmental surveillance and that can effectively tackle future

l.c
maintaining a strong network of health crises. This includes investing in

ai
trained healthcare workers who can training and capacity building of

gm
identify potential signs of the disease. @ healthcare workers, improving vaccine
• Way Forward / Recommendations o Community Engagement: One of the
e
in

o Innovative Approaches: To reach most crucial approaches should be the

az

remote or inaccessible areas, community engagement, working with

ag

innovative strategies have to be local leaders and influencers to address

m
er

adopted, such as the use of drones to cultural and social barriers. In the
on

deliver vaccines, mobile vaccination future, this approach will continue to

k

teams, and community-based play a vital role in maintaining high

ec
er

surveillance systems. These vaccination coverage and ensuring

th

approaches are expected to continue polio remains eradicated.

and evolve in the future. o Collaboration with Neighboring
o Continued Monitoring & Surveillance: Countries: As polio is a highly
To ensure that polio remains infectious disease, collaboration with
eradicated from Pakistan, continued neighboring countries such as
monitoring and surveillance will play a Afghanistan and India is essential in
crucial role. This includes routine preventing cross-border transmission.
immunization campaigns, Efforts towards maintaining strong
environmental surveillance, and real- partnerships and coordinated efforts
69
 Analytical Essays
will be crucial in keeping the region
polio-free.
o Enhanced Funding for Healthcare: The
success of the anti-polio campaign in
Pakistan has been made possible
through significant investments from
both national and international donors
and UN Agencies. In the future,
sustained funding will be required to
maintain progress and ensure that all
children are protected against polio. It
is crucial for the Govt of Pakistan to
continue prioritizing efforts towards
polio eradication and allocate
necessary resources. This includes
e
in
sustained funding, strengthening
az
routine immunization services, and
ag
addressing social barriers through
m
er
community engagement and
on
education.
k
• Conclusion: The anti-polio campaign in
ec
er
Pakistan has been a monumental effort
th
that has made significant strides in
reducing the number of polio cases. It has
faced challenges, both from within and
outside the country, but has continued to
persevere towards its goal of eradicating
polio completely. With continued support
and collaboration, there is hope for a future
where Pakistan is free from this deadly
virus. However, it is crucial for individuals
to continue to educate themselves and
their communities about the importance of
routine immunizations and the safety and
effectiveness of polio vaccines. Only then
can we truly achieve a polio-free world.
Overall, the anti-polio campaign in Pakistan
serves as an inspiration for other countries
facing similar challenges, highlighting the
power of collective efforts and
determination in achieving a common goal.
om
Let us continue to support and applaud the
l.c
incredible work being done by all those
ai
involved in this vital public health initiative.
gm
So, let's join hands and work towards
@
creating a healthier, polio-free Pakistan for
future generations. Together, we can make
it happen!
• Sources
o "Pakistan Polio Eradication Program
(PPEP)." World Health Organization,
www.who.int/pakistan/programmes/p
olio/en/. Accessed 20 May 2021.
o "Polio Eradication in Pakistan." Unicef,
www.unicef.org/pakistan/polio-
eradication-
pakistan#:~:text=Polio%20eradicatio
n%20in%20Pakistan,the%20disease's
%20outbreaks%2C%20the. Accessed
20 May 2021.
o "Challenges to Polio Eradication in
Pakistan." National Institutes of
70
Analytical Essays
Health,
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC3081526/. Accessed 20 May 2021.
o "The Polio Eradication and Endgame
Strategic Plan: 2013-2018." World
Health Organization,
www.who.int/immunization/diseases/
poliomyelitis/endgame_objective2/en/
. Accessed 20 May 2021.

om
l.c
ai
gm
@
e
in
az
ag
m
er
k on
ec
er
th

71
 Analytical Essays
REVIVAL OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES hampers economic growth and
impedes the country's progress
• Introduction
towards sustainable development.
o SOEs play a crucial role in the economy
Addressing these issues is paramount
of any country by contributing to
to ensuring the efficient operation and
infrastructure development, job
success of SOEs, which in turn will
creation, and the provision of essential
have a positive impact on the overall
services. It is no hidden secret that
economy and the well-being of the
Pakistan’s economic environment has
people.
been facing a tough time recently. This
o In recent years, there has been a
downturn in the country's economy

om
renewed focus on reviving SOEs in
has not only put its citizens through

l.c
Pakistan. Recognizing the importance
immense financial strain, but also

ai
of these enterprises in the country's

gm
caused SOEs to suffer severely.
economy, the government has
Pakistan has around 200 SOEs which
o
@
launched various initiatives to improve
e
are engaged in a diverse range of
in

their performance and make them

activities, represent a significant part
az

profitable. In the succeeding paras an

ag

of Pakistan economy, and provide and

endeavor shall be made to have an
m

manage a substantial share in the

er

insight into various factors and

country's infrastructure,
on

perspectives affecting the

communication and utilities sectors.
k

performance of SOEs with a view to

ec

Notable SOEs include the National

er

offer a way forward and

Highway Authority (NHA), Pakistan
th

recommendations for their revival.

Railways, Pakistan International
• Historical Perspective
Airlines (PIA), National Bank of
o After gaining independence, Pakistan
Pakistan (NBP), Pakistan Steel Mill etc.
established SOEs to foster economic
o SOEs have historically faced
growth and ensure the provision of
numerous challenges, including
essential services to its citizens. These
inefficiencies, corruption, and financial
enterprises played a crucial role in
losses. The mismanagement of these
driving the industrialization process
enterprises not only leads to revenue
and made substantial contributions to
loss for the government but also
72
Analytical Essays
the country's GDP. However, over restructuring of boards, privatization,
time, the decline of these SOEs public-private partnerships, and
became evident due to issues such as improved governance practices. These
mismanagement, political efforts have yielded positive results in
interference, and a lack of some cases; however, there is still a
accountability. These factors gradually long way to go.
eroded the effectiveness and o One significant example of a
efficiency of these enterprises, successful revival effort is Pakistan
necessitating a comprehensive International Airlines (PIA). After
evaluation of their operations and the decades of financial losses, the airline

om
implementation of reforms to address achieved its first profitable year in

l.c
the challenges they faced. 2018-19. The turnaround was

ai
o By the year 2018, nearly half of attributed to a combination of factors,

gm
Pakistan's 196 SOEs were operating at @ including improved governance
a loss, accumulating a staggering practices, cost-cutting measures, and
e
in

deficit of over Rs. 1 trillion. This fleet modernization. However, despite

az

alarming situation has not only that improvement, the long-term

ag

imposed a significant burden on the sustenance could not be achieved and

m
er

government's financial resources but PIA again went back to the same mode.
on

has also resulted in diminished service o Similarly, Pakistan Steel Mills, once
k

delivery and a rise in unemployment considered the pride of the nation's

ec
er

rates. The underperformance of these industrial sector, has been facing

th

enterprises has created a pressing severe financial challenges for years.

need for comprehensive reforms to The government has initiated efforts
address the challenges they face and to restructure and revive the mill
restore their viability for the benefit of through privatization, which is
the nation's economy and its citizens. expected to improve its operational
o In recent years, the government of efficiency and bring in much-needed
Pakistan has launched various investment.
initiatives to reform and revive SOEs.
The strategies adopted include
73
 Analytical Essays
• Factors Contributing Towards Sickness
and Underperformance of SOEs
o There are several root causes behind
the sickness and underperformance of
SOEs in Pakistan. One of the major
factors is political interference, where
external influences affect the decision-
making and operations of these
enterprises. This interference often
leads to skewed priorities and
and inefficient workforce adversely
affects productivity and increases
operational costs. This not only strains
the financial resources of these
enterprises but also prevents them
from achieving optimal performance
levels.
o Another challenge is the lack of skilled
human resources within these SOEs,
which has led to a decline in their

om
inefficient resource allocation. overall performance. The government

l.c
o Another significant issue is the lack of is working towards addressing this

ai
autonomy that SOEs face. Without the issue by providing training and

gm
freedom to make independent @ capacity building programs for
decisions, these enterprises are unable employees, as well as hiring
e
in

to respond quickly to market changes professionals from the private sector

az

and adapt their strategies accordingly. to improve the management of these

ag

This hampers their ability to stay enterprises.

m
er

competitive and agile in a dynamic o Outdated technology is yet another

on

business environment. obstacle faced by SOEs. In today's

k

Financial mismanagement is also a rapidly evolving digital landscape, the

ec

o
er

critical factor contributing to the lack of modern technologies and

th

underperformance of SOEs. Poor infrastructure puts these enterprises

financial planning, budgetary at a disadvantage. This impedes their
constraints, and inadequate financial ability to streamline processes,
controls lead to unsustainable enhance efficiency, and provide
practices and hinder the overall quality services or products. It also
growth and profitability of these limits their potential for growth and
enterprises. innovation, making it difficult for them
o Overstaffing is another concern that to compete with private sector
plagues SOEs in Pakistan. Excessive counterparts.
74
Analytical Essays
o Moreover, the absence of effective
oversight mechanisms has further
exacerbated the poor performance of
SOEs. Without proper checks and
balances, there is a lack
accountability and transparency in
their operations. This creates an
environment conducive to corruption
and unethical practices, which further
weakens these enterprises and erodes
SOEs to better manage their debt and
improve cash flow.
• Measures Instituted by the Government:
Over the years, the government of
of Pakistan has taken several steps to revive
sick SOEs and make them financially
sustainable. These strategies include:
o Monitoring Mechanism: One
significant measure implemented by
the government is the establishment

om
public trust. of the State-Owned Enterprises

l.c
o One of the major reasons for the poor Commission (SOEC), a dedicated

ai
performance of SOEs in Pakistan is committee tasked with the crucial

gm
their financial instability. Many of @ responsibility of overseeing and
these enterprises are burdened with monitoring the performance of all
e
in

high levels of debt and suffer from cash SOEs in Pakistan. The SOEC plays a
az

flow problems. The government has pivotal role in providing valuable

ag

taken several steps to address this recommendations and expert advice

m
er

issue, including providing financial to the government, aiming to enhance

on

assistance, debt restructuring, and and optimize the functioning of these

k

improving governance practices. enterprises. By closely analyzing the

ec
er

o Financial assistance provided by the operations and outcomes of SOEs, the

th

government includes equity injections, committee strives to identify areas of

grants, and loans on favorable terms. improvement and devise strategic
This has helped to ease the financial measures for their effective
burden on SOEs and enable them to implementation, ultimately
invest in their operations. contributing to the growth and
o Debt restructuring involves development of the nation's economy.
renegotiating loan terms with o Privatization: The government has
creditors to reduce interest rates and identified non-core SOEs that can be
extend repayment periods. This allows privatized to reduce the financial
75
Analytical Essays
burden on the state. In 2020, reduce political interference and
Pakistan's Cabinet Committee on promote sound decision-making
Privatization approved the within these enterprises.
privatization of nine SOEs, including o Performance Contracts: To ensure
Pakistan Steel Mills and Pakistan accountability and performance, the
International Airlines. government has introduced
o Restructuring: Many SOEs suffer from performance contracts for SOEs.
bloated staff and outdated operations. These contracts set specific targets
The government is working on and timelines for the enterprises to
restructuring these enterprises to achieve profitability. Incentives and

om
make them leaner and improve their penalties are also included to motivate

l.c
efficiency. the management to meet these

ai
o Professional Management: The targets.

gm
appointment of professional o
@ Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs):
management is crucial for the success The government is encouraging PPPs
e
in

of SOEs. The government has started in sectors where private investment

az

hiring CEOs through a competitive can bring in more efficiency and

ag

process, bringing in experienced innovation. For example, the Lahore

m
er

professionals to turn around sick Waste Management Company

on

enterprises. This has proven operates through a PPP model and has
k

successful in the case of PIA and is significantly improved waste

ec
er

expected to be replicated in other management services in the city.

th

SOEs. • Challenges / Concerns: While the

o Better Governance Practices: The government's efforts to revive sick SOEs
government has taken several steps to are commendable, there are still several
improve governance practices in challenges and concerns that need to be
SOEs, including instituting stricter addressed for long-term sustainability.
financial controls, introducing These include:-
independent boards of directors, and o One of the main concerns is the impact
enhancing transparency through of privatization on employees.
regular audits. These measures aim to Privatizing SOEs often leads to job
76
Analytical Essays
cuts and layoffs, creating social and competition, it becomes difficult for
economic problems for affected SOEs to succeed, even after
workers and their families. The implementing reforms and improving
government must ensure that any their operations. The government
privatization efforts are carried out in must address any biases or
a manner that protects the rights and discriminatory practices that may
well-being of employees. favor private enterprises over SOEs.
o Another challenge is the issue of o Another concern is the potential for
political interference in the operations corruption in the privatization
of SOEs. In the past, political process. It is crucial to have

om
appointments and pressure from transparent and accountable systems

l.c
government officials have hindered in place to prevent any corrupt

ai
the autonomy and decision-making practices from taking place during

gm
abilities of these enterprises. To truly @ privatization efforts. This will not only
achieve financial sustainability, it is ensure fair and just outcomes but also
e
in

crucial to remove such political help maintain public trust in

az

influence and allow for professional government initiatives.

ag

management and governance o Lastly, it is essential to ensure that

m
er

practices. privatizing SOEs does not lead to

on

o Furthermore, there is a need for better monopolies or concentration of power

k

coordination between different in the hands of a few private entities.

ec
er

government agencies involved in the This could harm competition and

th

oversight and management of SOEs. ultimately be detrimental to

This will help avoid duplication of
efforts and ensure a cohesive strategy
for improving the performance of
these enterprises.
o Another challenge is the need to
create a level playing field for SOEs
and private enterprises operating in
the same industries. Without fair
consumers and the economy as a
whole. The government must carefully
regulate and monitor the privatization
process to prevent such outcomes.
• Way Forward / Recommendations
o It is crucial to prioritize transparency
and accountability in all initiatives
related to SOEs, including the
77
Analytical Essays
processes of privatization and o Encourage public-private partnerships
restructuring. By ensuring in sectors where they are deemed
transparency, the decision-making and beneficial, but also ensure that the
implementation processes can be distribution of risk and rewards is fair
better understood and evaluated by for both parties involved. This can be
stakeholders. Accountability achieved through transparent and
mechanisms help to ensure that the competitive bidding processes, clear
actions and outcomes of these contract terms, and effective oversight
initiatives align with the public's mechanisms.
interest, fostering trust and o Foster a culture of competition by

om
confidence in the management of creating a level playing field for both

l.c
SOEs. SOEs and private companies operating

ai
o Implement comprehensive in the same industries. This will

gm
governance reforms to improve the @ encourage efficiency, innovation, and
performance of SOEs and prevent ultimately benefit consumers
e
in

corruption. This can include measures o Ensure that any job cuts or layoffs
az

such as strengthening board resulting from privatization are

ag

independence, introducing carried out ethically, with proper

m
er

performance-based incentives for support provided to affected

on

management, and establishing a employees. This can include job

k

system of checks and balances to placement services, financial

ec
er

prevent political interference. assistance, and training opportunities

th

o It is crucial to prioritize the protection for new skills.

of employees' rights during o Continuously monitor the
privatization efforts. This can be performance of SOEs even after
achieved by offering alternative privatization or restructuring to
employment opportunities within the ensure long-term sustainability. This
company or providing comprehensive includes regularly evaluating
compensation packages to ensure the contracts and implementing
well-being and security of affected corrective measures if necessary to
employees. achieve desired outcomes.
78
Analytical Essays
o Promote greater collaboration and
coordination between different
government agencies involved in
managing SOEs to avoid duplication of
efforts and ensure a cohesive strategy
for improving their performance.
o Prioritize the public interest when
considering privatization or
restructuring of SOEs. This includes
conducting thorough feasibility
studies, consulting with stakeholders,
and making decisions that align with
the country's overall economic growth
and development goals.
o Overall, the government must strike a
in
balance between protecting the rights
az
of employees and promoting efficiency
ag
in SOEs.
m
er
o It is essential to continuously review
on
and update policies related to SOEs to
k
ensure they remain relevant in a
ec
er
constantly changing economic and
th
political landscape. This will help
maintain the long-term sustainability
of SOEs and their contributions to the
economy.
o The government should also focus on
improving the infrastructure and
technological capabilities of SOEs to
increase their competitiveness in the
market.
o In addition to privatization, explore
other options such as joint ventures or
strategic partnerships with private
companies to revitalize sick SOEs.
o Develop a clear and comprehensive
legal framework for SOEs to ensure
their operations are transparent,
accountable, and in line with the public
interest.
o Promote a culture of innovation and
om
entrepreneurship within SOEs to drive
l.c
growth and efficiency.
ai
• Conclusion: SOEs play an important role in
gm
any economy, but their underperformance
@
can pose significant challenges for the
e
government and hinder overall economic
growth. It is crucial to address the root
causes of their underperformance through
comprehensive reforms that promote
efficiency, innovation, and accountability.
The government's efforts towards reviving
sick SOEs are a positive step, but it is
essential to address concerns and ensure
fair practices to achieve sustainable
outcomes. With effective management
and oversight, SOEs in Pakistan can
become efficient and profitable entities
that contribute to the growth and
development of the country. Overall, it is
vital for the government to strike a balance
between public and private sector
79
 Analytical Essays
involvement to create a thriving economy tribune.com.pk/story/1975946/beyo
where both can coexist and complement nd-privatization-public-private-
each other's strengths. partnerships-pakistan.
• References o "Addressing concerns about
o "Govt identifies non-core SOEs for privatization of SOEs." Business
privatization." Dawn, 11 May 2020, Recorder, 26 August 2020,
www.dawn.com/news/1555946. www.brecorder
o "Pakistan's State Owned Enterprises:
Inefficient and Unaccountable." World
Bank, 27 Nov. 2019,

om
www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature

l.c
/2019/11/27/pakistan-state-owned-

ai
enterprises.

gm
o "SOEs faced with many challenges @
despite reform." Dawn, 11 May 2020,
e
in

www.dawn.com/news/1555947.
az

o "Pakistan’s SOEs: Inefficient and

ag

unaccountable." The Express Tribune,

m
er

5 Dec. 2019,
on

tribune.com.pk/story/2117968/pakis
k

tans-state-owned-enterprises-
ec
er

inefficient-and-unaccountable
th

o "Pakistan Government's SOEs Reform

Strategy." Ministry of Finance,
Government of Pakistan, June 2019,
www.finance.gov.pk/special-
initiatives/state-owned-enterprises-
soes/reform-strategy.
o Beyond privatization: Public-private
partnerships in Pakistan." The Express
Tribune, 12 May 2019,
80
 Analytical Essays
PRESS FREEDOM
• Introduction
o In today's digital era,
information is readily accessible, news
outlets hold immense power in shaping
public opinion. The role of news and
press freedom extends beyond mere
reporting; it serves as a vital conduit
connecting people with accurate facts
and information, fostering a deeper
debates and discussions that are
essential for a democratic society. It
where also empowers citizens by providing
them with access to diverse
viewpoints and information, enabling
them to make informed decisions and
actively participate in shaping their
nation's future.
o This essay aims to delve into the
current landscape of press freedom in

om
comprehension of society, the Pakistan, shedding light on the

l.c
environment, and the world at large. In challenges faced by journalists and

ai
Pakistan, like in any other country, its highlighting the importance of taking

gm
citizens heavily rely on media sources @ decisive steps to safeguard the
to stay informed about local and fundamental rights of its citizens to
e
in

international social issues that impact freedom of expression and access to

az

their lives. unbiased information.

ag

o A free press plays a crucial role in • Media Landscape of Pakistan through

m
er

promoting democracy, transparency, Ages

on

and accountability in any society. In o Pakistan has a vibrant media

k

Pakistan, where corruption and human landscape; among the most dynamic
ec
er

rights violations are prevalent issues, and outspoken in South Asia. To a large
th

the need for a free press is even more
significant. By providing accurate and
unbiased information, the
serves as a check on those in power,
holding them accountable for their
actions.
o Furthermore, press freedom allows for
the diversification of opinions and
perspectives, fostering healthy
extent the media enjoys freedom of
expression. More than 89 television
media channels beam soaps, satire, music
programmes, films, religious speech,
political talk shows, and news of the
hour. Although sometimes criticize for
being unprofessional and politically
biased, the television channels have
81
Analytical Essays
made a great contribution to the media legislation was revised to ease the
landscape and to Pakistani society. draconian laws. Under General Pervez
o Radio channels are numerous and Musharraf, liberal media laws were
considered a very important source of introduced to break the state's
information - especially in the rural monopoly on electronic media, aiming
areas. Besides the state channel Radio to enhance national security and
Pakistan, a number of private radios counter perceived threats from India.
carry independent journalistic content This liberalization led to the rise of
and news. But most radio content is Pakistani electronic media and its
music and entertainment. There are significant role in civil society,

om
hundreds of Pakistani newspapers ultimately contributing to the fall of

l.c
from the large national Urdu Musharraf's regime.

ai
newspapers to the small local o Despite the country's transition to a

gm
vernacular papers. @ democracy, press freedom in Pakistan
o During the early years of its remained under threat. The civil
e
in

independence, Pakistan witnessed governments do exercise strict control

az

relative freedom of press and over media outlets by imposing

ag

expression. However, this changed censorship laws and using intimidation

m
er

with the advent of dictatorial rule of tactics to silence critical voices. In

on

Gen Ayub in 1958. The introduction of recent past, there have been multiple
k

media laws in Pakistan started with incidents of journalists being harassed,

ec
er

the Press and Publication Ordinance in arrested, and attacked for reporting
th

1962, which granted authorities the on sensitive issues such as government

power to confiscate newspapers, close corruption and human rights
down news providers, and arrest violations.
journalists. o At least 72 journalists and media
o The laws were further strengthened professionals have been attacked
during General Zia-ul-Haq's reign in during 2022-2023; including two
the 1980s, promoting censorship and killings of journalists, 62 instances of
control over the press. However, with assault, three instances of kidnappings
the return of democracy, media or abductions, three instances of raids
82
 Analytical Essays
and two detentions, according to a Pakistan, including government
report released by Pakistan Press control, legal barriers, and societal
Foundation on World Press Freedom pressures. The government's influence
Day. over media outlets is evident through
o According to the recently released its ownership of several major news
data of the annual World Press organizations and its ability to
Freedom Index 2023 by Reporters manipulate advertising revenue to
Without Borders, Pakistan currently control media coverage.
ranks 150 out of 180 countries, o Furthermore, vague and outdated
highlighting the alarming laws such as the Pakistan Electronic

om
deterioration of conditions for Crimes Act (PECA) are often used to

l.c
journalists in the country. In target journalists and activists who

ai
comparison, neighboring India ranks speak out against the government. The

gm
slightly higher at 142, while @ act allows authorities to arrest
Bangladesh ranks slightly lower at individuals for online content deemed
e
in

152. "offensive" or "illegal," which is often

az

o The low ranking can be attributed to used as a tool to silence dissenting

ag

several factors, including the voices.

m
er

widespread use of censorship by state o Political pressure on media is mostly

on

authorities, legal harassment, and done indirectly. One tool widely used
k

intimidation of journalists, physical by the government is to cut off

ec
er

attacks on media personnel, and 'unfriendly' media from governmental

th

inadequate protection for reporters advertising. The Pakistan Electronic

covering sensitive stories.
challenges pose significant threats to
the freedom of the press and hinder
the ability of journalists to report
truthfully and independently.
• Factors Affecting the Freedom of Press
o Several factors contribute to the
current state of press freedom in
These Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)
has been used to silence the broadcast
media by either suspending licenses or
by simply threatening to do so. In
addition, media is also threatened by
non-state actors involved in the
current conflict. Security situation of
the journalist has improved and the
83
Analytical Essays
number of journalists killed in Pakistan
has also declined considerably.
o Moreover, societal pressures,
including religious extremism and
conservative cultural norms, also play
a significant role in restricting press
freedom in Pakistan. Journalists are
often threatened, attacked, or even
killed for reporting on sensitive issues
such as religion and politics, making it
difficult for them to do their job
without fear of repercussions.
o Journalists in Pakistan face numerous
challenges while carrying out their
duties. These challenges include
e
in
physical attacks, harassment, and
az
intimidation by government officials
ag
and non-state actors. Furthermore,
m
er
the lack of job security and inadequate
on
salaries also make it challenging for
k
journalists to speak out against
ec
er
censorship or report on sensitive
th
issues.
o The media industry itself is heavily
influenced by corporate interests and
political affiliations, leading to biased
reporting and self-censorship among
journalists. Moreover, the legal system
in Pakistan does not provide adequate
protection for journalists, making it
easy for perpetrators of violence
against them to evade punishment.
• Positive Measures Instituted by the Govt
o While the current state of press
freedom in Pakistan is concerning,
efforts have been made by the
government to improve the situation.
In 2018, the government established a
task force to review and amend media
regulations to ensure they are in line
om
with international standards of press
l.c
freedom.
ai
o The government has also taken steps
gm
@ to introduce media development
initiatives and provide training
programs for journalists to promote
ethical and unbiased reporting.
However, these measures alone are
not enough to counter the existing
challenges faced by journalists in
Pakistan.
o The Government of Pakistan has taken
several measures to ensure press
freedom in the country. First and
foremost, the government has
established a legal framework that
guarantees freedom of expression and
freedom of the press. The Constitution
of Pakistan explicitly protects the right
to freedom of speech and expression,
which includes press freedom. This
84
Analytical Essays
legal protection provides a foundation
for ensuring that journalists can carry
out their work without fear of
censorship or persecution.
o Additionally, the government has set
up regulatory bodies such as the Press
Council of Pakistan to oversee media
practices and uphold journalistic
standards. These bodies
responsible for addressing complaints
uphold democratic values in the
country.
• Challenges / Concerns
o Despite the efforts made by the
government to protect press freedom,
there are still concerns about the
effectiveness and implementation of
these measures. The government's
are lack of transparency and
accountability, coupled with its control

om
related to media content, ensuring over media outlets, raises doubt about

l.c
ethical reporting, and safeguarding its true intentions. For instance, the

ai
journalists’ rights. Furthermore, absence of clear guidelines and

gm
Pakistan has laws in place that prohibit @ regulations for media ownership and
censorship or restrictions on media editorial independence leaves room
e
in

content unless it is deemed necessary for potential political influence and

az

for national security or public safety manipulation.

ag

reasons. o Moreover, with increasing incidents of

m
er

o Moreover, the government has made attacks and threats against journalists,
on

efforts to create an environment it is clear that more needs to be done

k

conducive to free journalism by to ensure their safety and protection.

ec
er

promoting transparency and Journalists play a critical role in

th

accountability within its
institutions. It has encouraged open
dialogue with media organizations and
journalists, allowing them to report
without undue interference. Overall,
these measures indicate
commitment by the Government of
Pakistan to protect press freedom and
own informing the public and holding those
in power accountable. Without a safe
and conducive environment,
journalists cannot perform their duties
effectively, leading to the suppression
a of diverse voices and perspectives.
This not only undermines democracy
but also hinders the public's right to

85
Analytical Essays
access reliable and unbiased o Additionally, ownership structures
information. within the Pakistani media industry
o Press freedom in Pakistan has always also pose concerns for press freedom
been a topic of concern due to various as many outlets are controlled by
challenges and restrictions faced by powerful individuals or groups with
journalists. One of the major vested interests. This can lead to
challenges is the threat of violence and biased reporting or censorship in favor
intimidation against reporters who of these influential stakeholders
strive to uncover truth and hold power rather than serving the public interest.
accountable. The Committee to o Overall, addressing these challenges

om
Protect Journalists reported that requires concerted efforts from both

l.c
Pakistan is one of the most dangerous the government and civil society

ai
countries for journalists, with organizations. Press freedom is

gm
numerous cases of harassment, @ essential for promoting transparency,
abduction, and even murder. This accountability, and democracy in
e
in

atmosphere of fear creates a chilling Pakistan; therefore, it's imperative for

az

effect on media outlets and individual all stakeholders to work towards

ag

journalists, leading to self-censorship creating an environment where

m
er

and a reluctance to report on sensitive journalists can operate without fear or

on

issues. undue influence.

k

Furthermore, legal restrictions such as • Way Forward / Recommendations

ec

o
er

the Prevention of Electronic Crimes o In order to truly uphold press freedom

th

Act (PECA) have been used to in Pakistan, a comprehensive and

suppress freedom of expression collaborative effort is required from
online, resulting in the arrest and the government, media industry, and
harassment of bloggers, activists, and civil society. This collective endeavor
journalists. These laws grant should focus on various aspects to
authorities broad powers to curb ensure the protection and
online content that they deem empowerment of journalists.
objectionable or critical. o It is necessary for the government to
proactively engage with media
86
Analytical Essays
organizations and stakeholders to sensitive issues without the fear of
develop comprehensive and robust losing their livelihood. This measure
mechanisms for press freedom not only supports the freedom of the
protection. This includes establishing press but also promotes a more
clear guidelines for media ownership, inclusive and diverse media landscape.
ensuring editorial independence, and o To counter the influence of corporate
implementing effective measures to interests and ensure unbiased
prevent and address attacks against reporting, it is crucial to promote
journalists. By doing so, the media literacy and ethics among
government can demonstrate its journalists. By fostering a strong

om
commitment to a free and vibrant culture of responsible journalism,

l.c
press, fostering an environment that journalists can be equipped with the

ai
encourages open dialogue, necessary skills and knowledge to

gm
transparency, and the free flow of @ navigate complex issues and uphold
information. journalistic integrity.
e
in

o First and foremost, it is imperative to o Civil society organizations also play a

az

repeal outdated and vague laws that vital role in advocating for press
ag

are often misused to target journalists freedom and supporting journalists

m
er

and activists. Instead, clear and who face threats or violence. These
on

specific laws should be implemented organizations can provide assistance,

k

to safeguard the rights of journalists protection, and legal aid to journalists,

ec
er

and ensure their safety. This includes creating a network of support that
th

establishing an independent body strengthens the resilience of the press.

dedicated to monitoring and o Additionally, strict censorship laws
investigating attacks against should be repealed or amended to
journalists, as well as holding the protect media outlets' freedom to
perpetrators accountable. report on sensitive issues without fear
o Furthermore, steps should be taken to of repercussions. This will foster an
enhance job security and provide environment where diverse
adequate compensation to journalists. perspectives can be shared and
By doing so, journalists can report on
87
Analytical Essays
debated openly, contributing to a are represented. By taking necessary
vibrant and informed society. measures to safeguard press freedom,
o Moreover, increasing transparency in Pakistan can improve its ranking on
the media industry is crucial. the World Press Freedom Index and
Implementing regulations for media create an environment conducive to
ownership and financial disclosures the development of a free press.
can help reduce the control of • Conclusion: In conclusion, press freedom
powerful individuals or political remains a critical issue in Pakistan, with
parties over media outlets. This fosters challenges arising from government
a more inclusive and diverse media control, legal barriers, and societal

om
landscape, where a multitude of voices pressures. While efforts have been made

l.c
can be heard. to improve the situation, there is still much

ai
o The government must work towards work to be done to ensure that journalists

gm
creating an enabling environment for a can perform their duties without fear of
@
free press by promoting a culture of retribution. A free and independent media
e
in

open dialogue and tolerance for is essential for a democratic society, and it
az

diverse opinions. This can be achieved is the responsibility of all stakeholders to

ag

through initiatives such as media protect and uphold press freedom in

m
er

literacy programs that educate Pakistan. So, the fight for press freedom
on

citizens about the importance of a free must continue, regardless of the

k

press in a democracy. By nurturing an challenges and obstacles that may arise

ec
er

informed and engaged citizenry, the along the way. The voices of journalists
th

government can ensure that the press
acts as a vital check and balance on
power.
o Finally, media outlets must strive
towards ethical and unbiased
reporting, avoiding sensationalism or
partisanship. They should also work
towards promoting diversity in their
newsrooms, ensuring that all voices
must not be silenced, as they play a crucial
role in informing the public and holding
those in power accountable. Only through
a free and independent press can we strive
towards a more democratic and just
society for all. So, let us continue to speak
out against media censorship and stand in
solidarity with journalists fighting for press
freedom in Pakistan. It is only through our
88
 Analytical Essays
collective efforts that we can ensure a
brighter future for press freedom in the
country.
• References
o https://www.freedomhouse.org/coun
try/pakistan/freedom-world/2021
o https://www.voanews.com/a/pakista
ni-journalists-face-pressure-
censorship/4571623.html
o https://rsf.org/en/news/new-
o https://cpj.org/reports/2019/10/kille
d-journalists-pakistan-impunity-
mohammad-bilal-khan-explainer/
o https://dissenttoday.net/news/at-
least-72-journalists-attacked-during-
2022-to-2023-in-pakistan/
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_m
edia_in_Pakistan#:~:text=Regulation-
,History,news%20providers%2C%20a
nd%20arrest%20journalists.

om
pakistan-law-makes-it-easier-ban-

l.c
media-outlets-and-compromise-

ai
journalists-sources

gm
o https://www.dawn.com/news/15830 @
12/editorial-attacks-on-journalists
e
in

o https://www.hrw.org/world-
az

report/2021/country-
ag

chapters/pakistan#5f9b0d
m
er

o http://rspp.org.pk/wp-
on

content/uploads/2020/10/Covid_Su
k

mmary-of-Press-Freedom-in-
ec
er

Pakistan-COVID19.pdf
th

o https://www.dawn.com/news/15258
41/journalists-declare-propaganda-
war-on-judges-meddling-with-media
o https://www.article19.org/resources/
pakistan-new-censorship-rules-
threaten-free-expression/
o https://www.hrw.org/world-
report/2021/country-
chapters/pakistan#5f9b0d
89
 Analytical Essays
CRICKET REFORMS POST WORLD CUP
DEBACLE
• Introduction. The 2023 ICC World Cup
proved to be a significant disappointment
for the Pakistani cricket team. Despite
their efforts, they faced tough challenges
and were unable to progress beyond the
group stage. This unfortunate outcome led
to a wave of criticism and heightened the
demand for crucial reforms within the
suffered consecutive losses against
top-ranked teams and ultimately
crashed out of the World Cup.
o The defeat sparked outrage among
fans and critics, with many questioning
the team's talent and potential. The
PCB was also heavily criticized for its
selection process, management
decisions, and lack of long-term
planning. It became evident that

om
Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). In this significant changes were necessary to

l.c
article, we will delve into the various steps revive Pakistan cricket.

ai
that were undertaken by the PCB to • Historical Perspective of Pakistan Cricket

gm
rebuild and restructure the national team. Reforms
@
With a firm determination to learn from o The PCB has a history of implementing
e
in

their defeat in the World Cup, the PCB reforms after major disappointments
az

embarked on a meticulous process of and failures. After the disastrous 2003

ag

introspection and evaluation. They closely World Cup campaign, they introduced
m
er

examined the team's performance, a new selection committee, revamped

on

scrutinized the strategies, and identified the domestic structure, and prioritized
k

youth development programs. These

ec

the areas that required immediate

er

attention. changes brought about positive

th

• Background of the Situation results, and Pakistan went on to reach

o The ICC World Cup 2023 was a highly the semifinals in the following two
anticipated event for the Pakistani World Cups.
cricket team. Having won the title once o Similarly, following another
before, the nation had high hopes and humiliating defeat in the 2015 World
expectations from their national side. Cup, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)
However, things did not go according took decisive action to revamp the
to plan as Pakistan struggled to find domestic cricket system. They
their footing in the tournament. They introduced a new format of the Quaid-
90
 Analytical Essays
e-Azam Trophy, a prestigious assembling the squad. However, their
domestic tournament, with the aim of approach came under heavy criticism
raising the overall standard of cricket as it was pointed out that they
in the country. These efforts yielded overlooked not only the players'
positive results, as Pakistan's recent forms and performances but
performances improved significantly, also their track records in crucial
culminating in their remarkable matches. This raised valid concerns
journey to the semifinals of the 2017 among fans and experts alike, who
ICC Champions Trophy. questioned the committee's decision-
o Building on this success, the 2019- making process. The lack of

om
2020 domestic season witnessed consideration for these vital aspects

l.c
further reforms in Pakistani cricket. A during the selection process sparked a

ai
revamped four-day first-class heated debate within the sports

gm
tournament was introduced, providing @ community, with passionate
aspiring cricketers with a more arguments from both sides about the
e
in

competitive platform to showcase potential consequences of such

az

their skills and stake their claim for choices on the team's overall
ag

national selection. Additionally, a performance and chances of success.

m
er

corporate T20 league i.e. PSL was o One of the major issues affecting team
on

established, creating more chemistry and performance was the

k

opportunities for young talent to shine lack of consistency. The team

ec
er

and fostering increased competition struggled with inconsistent team

th

within the national team. selections, frequent changes in

• Factors Affecting the Performance of captaincy, and an inability to stick with
Cricket Team. Several factors were a core group of players. These factors
identified as the root causes of Pakistan's not only disrupted the team dynamics
poor performance in the 2023 World Cup. but also hindered their ability to build
These included: trust and understanding on the field.
o The selection committee, comprising By addressing these issues and
experienced sports professionals, was establishing a more consistent
responsible for meticulously approach, the team can work towards
91
Analytical Essays
improving their overall performance
and achieving better results.
o One of the key reasons for the team's
struggle was poor planning. The
strategy and game plans implemented
were often viewed as reactive rather
than proactive, which hindered their
ability to adapt effectively on the field.
This lack of adaptability resulted in
missed opportunities and an overall
Questions arose regarding their ability
to handle pressure situations and
maintain composure when it mattered
most. These collapses served as a stark
reminder of the need for the team to
develop and reinforce their mental
strength in order to overcome
challenges and achieve success.
o central contract structure introduced
by the PCB. The contract system has

om
disadvantage in their performance. By been criticized for its lack of

l.c
emphasizing the importance of transparency and fairness, with

ai
proactive planning and fostering a concerns raised about unequal

gm
more strategic approach, the team can @ treatment of players based on their
enhance their adaptability and connections or favoritism rather than
e
in

increase their chances of success. merit. This creates a sense of

az

o One of the contributing factors to the demotivation among players who feel
ag

team's performance was the lack of overlooked despite their

m
er

fitness among some players. Their performances, impacting team morale

on

inadequate fitness levels not only and overall performance.

k

resulted in injuries but also led to Differences between players and the
ec

o
er

fatigue during crucial matches, management team were also cited as a

th

impacting the team's overall significant factor affecting the team's

performance and competitiveness on performance. These differences
the field. Addressing this issue and manifested in clashes over selection
improving the players' fitness would decisions, training methods, and
be crucial for future success. leadership style, ultimately creating a
o The team's mental toughness, or lack toxic environment within the team
thereof, was a topic of scrutiny, that hindered their ability to perform
particularly in light of their significant cohesively on the field.
breakdowns during critical matches.
92
 Analytical Essays
o One major difference that often arises
within the Pakistan cricket team is
regional differences. The country is
divided into four provinces, each with
its own distinct culture and language.
This can lead to communication
barriers between players from
different regions, which may affect
team chemistry.
o Another common difference within
teammates is age. The Pakistan cricket
team has a mix of both experienced
veterans and young up-and-coming
players. While this diversity can bring
a balance to the team, it can also lead
in
to clashes in opinions and playing
az
styles.
ag
o Moreover, differences in personalities
m
er
and egos can also cause conflicts
on
within the team. Each player has their
k
own unique way of thinking and
ec
er
approaching the game, which may
th
clash with others. This can result in
tension and affect team dynamics.
• Reforms Implemented so far by PCB. In
response to the above factors, the PCB
introduced several reforms aimed at
improving overall team performance and
creating a sustainable system for success.
Some of these changes include:
o As part of the revision of the selection
process, the selection committee
underwent a significant
transformation. With the aim of
ensuring fairness and consistency, a
robust performance-based evaluation
system was introduced. This new
system takes into account various
factors, including qualifications, skills,
experience, and achievements, to
om
make informed and unbiased
l.c
selections. By implementing these
ai
changes, the organization is
gm
@ committed to upholding transparency
and meritocracy in the selection
e
process.
o One of the strategies implemented by
the PCB was to prioritize stability in
team composition. To achieve this,
longer-term contracts were offered to
players based on their performances
and potential, ensuring that the team
could build cohesion and chemistry
over time. This approach allowed the
players to feel secure in their positions
and fostered a sense of trust and
continuity within the team. By
investing in long-term contracts, the
PCB aimed to create a solid foundation
for sustained success and growth in
the ever-competitive world of sports.
93
Analytical Essays
o Strategic Planning: A new coaching
staff has been selected, with a strong
focus on strategic planning and
meticulous preparation. Recognizing
the importance of nurturing young
talent, a comprehensive long-term
plan was put in place to ensure the
development and growth of promising
young players. Through thoughtful
analysis and foresight, the team aims
handle pressure situations and build
mental resilience, the PCB took the
initiative to bring in highly skilled
sports psychologists. These
professionals work closely with the
team, providing guidance and support
to enhance their mental well-being
and overall performance on the field.
The implementation of mental
conditioning programs has proven to

om
to create a solid foundation for success be instrumental in helping the players

l.c
both in the present and in the years to develop a strong mindset and thrive in

ai
come. challenging situations.

gm
o Fitness Standards: To optimize • Concerns / Challenges. The PCB's reforms
@
performance, stringent fitness have been met with mixed reactions from
e
in

standards have been introduced. fans and experts. While some believe these
az

These standards encompass regular changes are long overdue, others question
ag

monitoring and comprehensive their effectiveness in bringing about real

m
er

training programs, ensuring that all change. Some of the prevailing

on

players consistently meet the required concerns/challenges include:

k

levels of physical fitness and Sustainability: The long-term success

ec

o
er

conditioning. By implementing such of any reform will depend on its

th

measures, the team aims to enhance sustainability over an extended

the overall capabilities and endurance period. It is crucial for the PCB to
of its players, enabling them to excel ensure that these changes are not just
on the field. short-term solutions, but rather
o Mental Conditioning: The Pakistan continuously implemented and
Cricket Board (PCB) recognized the integrated into the core functioning of
crucial role of mental conditioning in the system. By embedding
sports performance. In order to equip sustainability into the very fabric of
the team with the necessary skills to the organization, the PCB can
94
Analytical Essays
guarantee the lasting impact and adequate resources, the PCB would be
effectiveness of these reforms, better equipped to successfully carry
ultimately driving positive change in out the necessary reforms and drive
the long run. positive change within their
o Resistance to change. When operations.
individuals and organizations stick o Cultural Barriers. Bringing about
with traditional methods and are cultural shifts and changing mindsets
reluctant to embrace change, it can may prove to be a challenge, especially
hinder the effectiveness of the in a cricket-obsessed nation like
reforms. This resistance may stem Pakistan. The deeply ingrained love for

om
from fear of the unknown, concerns cricket in the country's culture creates

l.c
about the impact on established a significant barrier to embracing new

ai
processes, or a lack of understanding ideas and practices. Overcoming this

gm
about the potential benefits that @ hurdle requires patience, effective
change can bring. Overcoming this communication, and a gradual
e
in

resistance requires clear transformation of societal norms. It

az

communication, education, and a focus involves fostering an environment that

ag

on highlighting the positive outcomes fosters openness to change and

m
er

that can be achieved by embracing encourages individuals to explore

on

change. By addressing this resistance alternative perspectives beyond the

k

head-on and fostering a culture of realm of cricket. By addressing these

ec
er

openness and adaptability, the cultural barriers head-on, we can pave

th

chances of successful reform can be the way for a more diverse and
greatly enhanced. inclusive society that embraces
o Lack of Resources. This limitation innovation and progress.
hampers their ability to fully o External Factors. The PCB has little
implement the desired reforms, which control over external factors, such as
could potentially enhance the overall political instability, security concerns,
functioning and effectiveness of the and international relations, which may
organization. By addressing this have a significant impact on the team's
financial constraint and allocating performance. These factors can create
95
 Analytical Essays
an uncertain environment that may
affect the team's morale, disrupt
training schedules, or even lead to
travel restrictions. It is crucial for the
PCB to closely monitor and navigate
these external challenges to mitigate
their potential negative consequences
on the team's overall performance and
success.
• Way Forward / Recommendations
o Developing a Strategic Plan: The PCB
should develop a long-term strategic
plan that outlines specific goals and
objectives for the development of
cricket in Pakistan. This plan should be
e
in
regularly reviewed and updated to
az
reflect changing circumstances.
ag
o Domestic Cricket Structure: One key
m
er
aspect that the PCB should focus on is
on
the development of a robust domestic
k
structure. This includes providing top-
ec
er
notch cricket facilities, high-quality
th
coaching, and ample opportunities for
young players to showcase their skills.
By investing in the domestic structure,
the PCB can nurture talent from a
grassroots level and pave the way for
future cricket stars.
o Talent Hunt / Development Plan: In
addition to the domestic structure, the
PCB should also prioritize grassroots
development programs. These
programs can help identify and
nurture young talent from an early
age, allowing them to develop their
skills and reach their full potential.
o Modernization of Cricketing
Facilities / Venues: The PCB should
prioritize investing in modern cricket
facilities, such as stadiums and training
centers, to provide a conducive
om
environment for players to thrive.
l.c
o Focusing on Player Welfare: Ensuring
ai
the well-being of players both on and
gm
@ off the field is crucial for sustainable
success. The PCB should take steps to
address any concerns raised by players
and provide necessary support, such
as mental health resources and rest
periods.
o Collaborating with Stakeholders: The
PCB should work closely with other
stakeholders, such as the government,
sponsors, ICC, Media and fans, to
create a unified approach towards
achieving success in Pakistani cricket.
o Continuous Evaluation: Regular
evaluation and monitoring of progress
are essential to ensure that the
implemented reforms are on track and
effective. The PCB should use data-
driven approaches to assess the
96
Analytical Essays
impact of their initiatives and make meticulous analysis of opponents,
necessary adjustments accordingly. studying their strengths and
Introducing a more transparent and weaknesses, and devising tactics to
merit-based selection process will exploit them. Emphasizing adaptability
involve setting clear criteria for player and proactive decision-making will
evaluation, considering performance enable the team to adjust their
statistics, skills, and potential. This will strategies on the fly and capitalize on
ensure that the best players, who emerging opportunities during
possess the necessary talent and matches.
dedication, are selected for the o Developing Mental Toughness: It can

om
national team. be achieved through sports

l.c
o Consistency in Team Selection: It psychology training will involve

ai
means minimizing frequent changes in techniques to improve focus,

gm
captaincy, which can disrupt team @ resilience, and confidence. Instilling a
dynamics. By fostering stability and winning mindset within the team will
e
in

trust among players, the team can not only boost their performance on
az

build stronger bonds and work the field but also help them overcome
ag

together more effectively towards challenges and setbacks with

m
er

achieving common goals. determination and composure.

on

o Enhancing Fitness Levels: It can be o Central Contract: Reviewing and

k

done through targeted training improving the central contract

ec
er

programs and regular assessments will structure will aim to ensure fairness
th

involve tailored exercises, and equal treatment for all players.

conditioning drills, and recovery This may involve revising salary scales,
strategies. This comprehensive performance-based incentives, and
approach aims to prevent injuries and benefits to create a more balanced and
combat fatigue during crucial matches, motivating environment for the
allowing players to perform at their players.
best when it matters the most. o Communication Issues: Addressing
o Dynamic Approach to Planning and communication issues and fostering a
Game Strategies: It will involve positive working relationship between
97
 Analytical Essays
players and management requires
open and transparent channels of
communication. By promoting mutual
respect and understanding, the team
can create an atmosphere of trust and
collaboration, where everyone feels
valued and heard.
o Specialized Coaching Programmes:
Introducing specialized coaching
programs for different aspects of the
1. https://www.pcb.com.pk/about-
pcb/pcb-board.html
2. https://nation.com.pk/22-Aug-
2020/how-pcbs-corporate-strategy-
can-help-bring-success-to-pakistan-
cricket-team
3. http://www.pakistancricketboard.com/
4. https://www.samaa.tv/sports/2018/10
/pakistans-cricket-structure-needs-to-
be-improved/

om
game, such as batting, bowling, and 5. https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/

l.c
fielding, to enhance individual skills id/24584881/how-pcb-can-help-save-

ai
and overall team performance. pakistan-cricket

gm
• Conclusion. While several reforms have 6. https://www.cricketworld.com/will-
@
been diligently implemented, the true test the-new-corporate-style-management-
e
in

lies in their effectiveness in improving of-pcb-bring-success-to-pakistan-

az

Pakistan cricket's overall performance. It is cricket/66108.htm

ag

crucial for the Pakistan Cricket Board 7. https://www.pcb.com.pk/news-

m
er

(PCB) to consistently strive towards detail/how-can-the-pcb-help-restore-

on

creating a sustainable system that not only the-glory-of-pakistani-cricket.html

k

produces exceptional results but also

ec
er

fosters a nurturing environment for

th

aspiring cricketers. By investing in

grassroots development programs,
enhancing coaching methodologies, and
providing ample resources and
opportunities, the PCB can secure
Pakistan's place as a formidable force in
international cricket.
• References

98
News Excerpts

om
l.c
ai
gm
@

News Excerpts
e
in
az
ag

Brief - Concise - Crisp

m
er
kon
ec
er
th

99
 News Excerpts
1 November 2023 • The Senate has adopted a resolution
calling for an end to Israeli hostilities in
• Politicians and rights activists have filed a
Gaza. Lawmakers are seeking unrestricted
petition with the Supreme Court against
access for humanitarian organizations to
the deportation of Afghan refugees and
provide essential relief supplies to the war-
asylum seekers. They argue that the
hit people in Gaza.
government's move to expel illegal
• Shell is set to sell its Pakistan unit to Saudi
immigrants is clearly targeting millions of
firm Wafi Energy due to financial losses
Afghan refugees who have been compelled
and the uncertain economic landscape of
to live in Pakistan.
the country.
• Six militants were killed in an intelligence-

om
• The government has initiated a nationwide
based operation in Zhob. The Inter-

l.c
operation to deport illegal foreign
Services Public Relations (ISPR) stated

ai
nationals. The Taliban government has

gm
that these militants were actively involved
requested more time to meet the deadline
@
in terrorist activities against security
as authorities across the border are
e
forces and the targeted killing of innocent
in

overwhelmed. Foreign Minister Jilani has

az

civilians.
termed concerns about the operation a
ag

• The Keffiyeh is more than just a scarf; it is a

"huge misperception."
m

symbol of Palestine and its resistance.

er

• The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) has

Originally a culture-specific article of
on

crossed the 52,000 barrier after a 400-

clothing, the Keffiyeh transcended its role
k
ec

point rally. This upward trend follows the

and became an icon of resilience in the
er

central bank's decision to maintain the

1930s.
th

interest rate at 22%.

• Twenty-five Arab artists have come
• Israel's desperate actions have claimed the
together for ‘Rajieen,’ a powerful anthem
lives of 50 people in the Jabalia camp
about the Palestinian resistance. The
strike. Hamas fighters have offered strong
proceeds from the song will go to the
resistance as Tel Aviv's forces push into
Palestinian Children's Relief Fund.
northern Gaza, resulting in a Palestinian
• Inflation surged to 26.9% in October. On a
death toll surpassing 8,500.
month-on-month basis, the Consumer
• The prices of petrol and diesel remain
Price Index (CPI) inflation increased by
unchanged as the government skips
1.08%.
100
 News Excerpts
expected price cuts. However, there has province, they should approach the
been a slight reduction in the prices of relevant high courts.
kerosene, light diesel oil, and liquefied • A crackdown has identified 2,000 illegal
petroleum gas. aliens in KP, with over 82,000
• The Supreme Court "may be willing" to undocumented migrants leaving the
hear the National Accountability Bureau country. Amidst this, the NCHR has urged
(NAB) law case afresh. The apex court has the government to refrain from
instructed judges to hold off on issuing repatriating vulnerable groups and asylum
verdicts in graft cases until the next seekers. Rights defenders strongly oppose
hearing of appeals. the forced repatriation of Afghan refugees,

om
• Former PEMRA head, Absar Alam, has which violates international treaties. To

l.c
informed the Supreme Court about address this situation, 'holding centres'

ai
instances of "media coercion" during the have been established in Islamabad and

gm
Faizabad sit-in. He has revealed Rawalpindi, along with two camps in
@
manipulations by some high officials to Attock.
e
in

shut down certain channels. • In the context of illegal immigration, the

az

• Talks regarding the "loss and damage" fund Sindh cabinet has approved Rs4.5bn for
ag

take center stage in UAE ahead of COP28. deportation efforts. Other decisions
m
er

Seventy ministers have gathered to include fixing the wheat support price at
on

finalize details before next month's UN Rs4,000 per 40kg, providing financial
k
ec

climate summit in Dubai. assistance of Rs2m to families of villagers

er

• Officials claim that a ceasefire is in effect in killed in Sakrand, and setting the minimum
th

most parts of violence-hit Kurram. wage at Rs32,000.

However, there are unconfirmed reports
of further deaths in clashes.
• The Peshawar High Court has disposed of
the plea of 23 individuals claiming to be
Afghans for Pakistani identity cards. The
court has declared that since
petitioners are not residents of the
• Replies are being sought on a plea against
the handover of JPMC and NICH to Sindh.
Petitioners are asking the SHC to declare
federal government notifications and the
handing over of administrative control of
the health facilities to the province as illegal.
• The Sindh government has sealed the
remains of a partially flattened heritage
101
 News Excerpts
building in Karachi. After the building was
partially demolished a couple of days ago,
the owner has been issued a show-cause
notice.
• Stocks are racing higher following the
policy rate status quo. The KSE-100 index
has extended gains by 437.34 points.
• Sri Lanka has raised taxes and cut subsidies
in line with IMF conditions, aiming to
unblock an IMF bailout.
• DLL has put a 50MW wind plant up for sale.
The company owns a 75% stake in Tenaga
Generasi Ltd, an IPP with the 49.5MW
wind power plant.
• The rupee continues to lose value against
e
in
the dollar, and the government plans to
az
borrow Rs 6 trillion in the next three
ag
months.
m
er
• Paying off debts remains the biggest
on
concern, according to the finance ministry,
k
ec
which is working on securing $6.3 billion
er
from multilateral sources and $10 billion
th
from bilateral sources.
• A Saudi firm is eyeing control of Shell
Pakistan. Shell has received a public
announcement of intention from WAFI
Energy LLC to buy up to 77.42% of its
shares.
• Red hands were raised in Congress as the
US seeks more funds for wars. CODEPINK
says the red-painted hands of the silent
audience members were meant to
symbolize blood.
• France is investigating graffiti of anti-
Semitic symbols in Paris. Paintings of Stars
of David and Swastikas on buildings have
created fear among communities.
• Flags and murals have become symbols of
support for Palestine as Northern Ireland
takes sides in the Gaza crisis. The number
of Palestinian flags flown in pro-republican
om
areas has risen dramatically in recent
l.c
weeks.
ai
• In the UK, tourists are discovering the
gm
darker side of Oxford and Cambridge.
@
Outside Oriel College, a statue of alumnus
Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902), a colonizer who
dreamed of a British Africa from Cape
Town to Cairo, stands.
• Prince Charles has stopped short of
apologizing for the UK's 'acts of violence' in
Kenya. During a state banquet, he said,
"The wrongdoings of the past are a cause of
the greatest sorrow and the deepest
regret."
• Two Bangladeshi activists were killed in
anti-government protests. Violence broke
out in multiple cities as members of BNP
and Jamaat-i-Islami demanded PM Hasina
step down from power ahead of polls.
• A 'health catastrophe' is imminent in Gaza
as aid delivery via Rafah slows down. 8,000
102
 News Excerpts
displaced individuals are crowding a small
town, and hospitals have become breeding
grounds for various skin diseases.
• Saudi Arabia is the only bidder for the 2034
FIFA World Cup.
• A fact-finding committee has collected
details of agents approved by the PCB. The
committee will present its report to PCB
interim management committee chairman
Zaka Ashraf on November 6.
• Senators have condemned the Israeli
bombing of Gaza.
• Donald Blome discussed the relocation of
Afghans to the US with Foreign Minister
Jilani. Blome highlighted the two countries'
in
mutual interest in ensuring the safety and
az
security of refugees and asylum seekers.
ag
m
2 November 2023
er
on
• India is currently investigating allegations
k
of phone tapping by the opposition. The
ec
er
secretary for the Ministry of Electronics
th
and Information has stated that "Apple will
cooperate with this investigation."
• 165,000 Afghans have fled Pakistan in
response to a deportation order,
overwhelming authorities on the Afghan
side of the border.
• The bullish run continues on the PSX as the
election date approaches, with the KSE-
100 index gaining over 300 points during
intra-day trade.
• Amidst the ongoing Gaza war, Israeli
settler attacks are exacerbating the
situation. An ex-Israeli official claims that
settlers are taking advantage of the
deployment of soldiers to Gaza to carry out
unimpeded attacks.
• The caretaker government has increased
the salaries and perks of top bureaucrats in
om
management positions, with the minimum
l.c
and maximum monthly remunerations set
ai
at Rs804,180 and Rs1,013,920
gm
respectively.
@
• A significant number of Afghan returnees
e
suffer from mental trauma upon their
arrival in their homeland. In just two days,
more than 500 patients were examined at
the Torkham camp.
• Journalism should not be a crime; what's
truly criminal is the culture of impunity for
journalists' killers in Pakistan. Over the
past three decades, at least 97 journalists
have been killed in Pakistan, with the
murderers enjoying complete impunity in
98% of the cases.
• Warring Kurram groups have agreed to a
ceasefire, and the government will make
efforts to reopen all closed routes to
restore normalcy.
103
 News Excerpts
• The Peshawar High Court is questioning
the registration of new refugees by the
UNHCR and seeks a response from the
government on this matter.
• Bolivia has severed ties with Israel due to
the Gaza crisis, and Chile, with the largest
Palestinian population outside the Arab
world, is recalling its ambassador to Israel.
• Iran and Turkey are calling for a regional
conference to prevent the spread of
unrest. Ayatollah Khamenei is urging the
Muslim world to halt trade with Israel,
while Blinken is scheduled to visit Tel Aviv
on Friday.
• Saudi Arabia has informed the US that it
e
in
still wants "normalization" with Israel but
az
links talks to a ceasefire. The White House
ag
states that the Saudis have also
m
er
emphasized the importance of working
on
towards a sustainable peace between
k
ec
Israelis and Palestinians.
er
• Nobel laureate Narges Mohammadi
th
manages to smuggle a message out of her
cell, saying, "Victory is not easy, but it is
certain." She is an imprisoned women's
rights activist.
• Apple has lost its bid to block a lawsuit over
iPhone batteries. The US tech firm denies
the charges, except for a small number of
iPhone-6s’ batteries that were replaced
free of cost.
• Huge "blobs" inside the Earth are believed
to be remnants from another planet.
Research suggests that this collision and its
remnants may have contributed to Earth
becoming the unique life-hosting planet it
is today.
• Pakistan clinches nine medals as the Asian
taekwondo tournament commences.
Qadeer, Waheed, and Hussain from
Pakistan win gold in the men's under-30
om
team event.
l.c
• The Oil and Gas Development Company
ai
Ltd earns Rs49 billion, while Shell
gm
announces the execution of a share
@
purchase agreement with KSA-based
WAFI Energy LLC for the sale of its entire
shareholding.
• The bulls drive the index above the 52,000
level, with overall trading volume
increasing by 15.6% to 526.4 million
shares.
• The Central Depository Company
collaborates with the State Bank of
Pakistan to introduce the RAAST facility
for mutual funds, enabling investors to
purchase units of mutual funds using the
Raast Payment Gateway.
• Inflation cools down in October, with the
annual change in the Consumer Price Index
at 26.9%, the lowest since December of
last year. Analysts attribute the decline in
104
 News Excerpts
inflation to lower domestic food and fuel
prices.
• Merchandise exports show growth of over
13%, while imports rise by 4.91% to $4.80
billion in October compared to the same
month last year.
• On the eve of IMF talks, the rupee suffers a
major loss. The first review under the IMF's
$3 billion Stand-By Arrangement is set to
begin today, with the State Bank of
Pakistan representing.
• The profit rates on savings schemes have
increased, but there has been a reduction
in the profit rate on deposits in Pensioners'
Benefit Accounts, Bahbood, and Shuhada's
e
in
Family Welfare Account.
az
• Pakistan requires $340 billion to address
ag
climate challenges, as stated by FM Akhtar.
m
er
The Finance Minister emphasizes that
on
climate vulnerability and sovereign debt
k
ec
are crucial factors in international financial
er
discussions.
th
• Opposition is arising against the proposed
sell-off of PIA. The PPP strongly opposes
the caretaker government's plan to
privatize national assets such as PIA and
Pakistan Steel Mills.
• Shakeel and Amer have been elected as
chairman and secretary-general of the
Pakistan Broadcasters Association.
• Real-time data and consistent messaging
were instrumental in containing Covid-19.
According to the health ministry's data,
over 125 million people received their first
jab by March 2022.
• PM Kakar praises GB's resistance against
Dogra rule. Highlighting its strategic
importance, the Prime Minister
emphasizes the region's mineral wealth
and tremendous economic and tourism
om
potential.
l.c
• The deportation of Afghan nationals is
ai
being challenged in the Supreme Court.
gm
The petition questions the government's
@
failure to distinguish between birthright
citizens and undocumented immigrants.
• The Senate unanimously demands an
immediate ceasefire and an end to the
Israeli blockade of Gaza.
• Over 400 individuals have been evacuated
to Egypt from Gaza. As a fresh blast hits
Jabalia, the UN states that IDF strikes
could potentially be considered war
crimes. Additionally, approximately 400
Americans remain stranded in Gaza, and
15 Israeli soldiers have been killed.
• The Punjab government imposes a "smog
emergency" following the Lahore High
Court's order. Wearing masks is now
mandatory for students in all schools for
one month.
105
 News Excerpts
• The Supreme Court rejects the fact-finding
panel on the Faizabad sit-in. The Attorney
General's Office announces plans to
request the government to establish an
inquiry commission. The court hopes that
the Terms of Reference (ToRs) will also
consider "coincidental and simultaneous"
review pleas.
• A crackdown on "illegal" migrants has
commenced. Among the 7,300 Afghan
• The Lahore High Court orders the closure
of smoke-belching factories across Punjab
in the battle against smog. The court
instructs authorities to obtain
undertakings from factories and suggests
the demolition of those violating their
commitments.
• The ECP has agreed to hold elections on
February 8. CEC Raja and ECP members
met with President Alvi following the

om
nationals deported via Torkham, prisoners Supreme Court's orders, reaching a

l.c
are included. The Taliban government unanimous decision. Chief Justice Isa

ai
describes this policy as "cruel". warns that any deviation will have

gm
consequences.
@
3 November 2023
• Government-IMF talks commence,
e
in

• Former crypto mogul Sam Bankman-Fried emphasizing the need for reforms. The IMF
az

has been found guilty of massive fraud. underscores the importance of the
ag

Bankman-Fried has been convicted on all government's continued efforts to stay on

m
er

counts and faces a potential sentence of up track. The review is scheduled to conclude
on

to 110 years in prison. on November 16 after policy-level

k

• Pakistan has opened more border centers

ec

discussions.
er

to expedite the return of undocumented • The government exempts Afghan children

th

Afghans, according to an official. The
Afghan government has established
temporary transit camps for deportees,
while UN agencies call for the protection of
refugee families seeking safety in Pakistan.
• A bomb blast near a police patrol in KP's
Dera Ismail Khan has resulted in the death
of five individuals. Rescue officials report
that 21 people have been injured.
and women from verification. The interior
ministry issues directions, stating that
females and children below the age of 14
will not undergo scanning for entry by
Nadra, as confirmed by an official.
• As the death toll surpasses 9,000,
hundreds more flee Gaza. While Biden
supports a humanitarian pause in the
conflict, he opposes calls for a ceasefire.
106
 News Excerpts
Ground battles continue to rage in Gaza,
where essential resources such as water,
gas, and food are scarce.
• The Chief Minister inaugurates Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa's first mental health
institute. The institute is equipped with an
emergency unit, OPD, ICU, psychiatric
unit, family counseling services, and a
rehabilitation center, among other
facilities.
• The government launches the third phase
of scholarships for Afghan students,
offering 4,500 grants as part of the Allama
Iqbal scholarship program.
• Lahore continues to suffer from hazardous
e
in
smog. Food chains may consider offering
az
discounts to cyclists and pedestrians.
ag
• In Khanewal, a blasphemy accused is shot
m
er
dead. The youth was released on bail after
on
arrest, while the accused has been taken
k
ec
into custody.
er
• Around 600 illegal aliens are transferred to
th
holding centers in Punjab. Approximately
80 illegal Afghan nationals will be handed
over to the KP police at Swabi interchange
for transportation to the Torkham border.
• Another sample from Karachi detects the
presence of the poliovirus. The lab
confirms the detection of Type-1 Wild
Poliovirus (WPV1) in an environmental
sample collected from Karachi, according
to sources.
• Bahrain suspends trade ties with Israel,
resulting in the return of envoys. Tunisian
lawmakers are considering a law to
criminalize normalization with Israel.
• The US President affirms that
Islamophobia will not be allowed to take
root and announces the development of a
strategy to counter it in the US.
om
• Turkey expresses readiness to
l.c
accommodate cancer patients from Gaza
ai
hospital. Additionally, the Saudi Crown
gm
Prince donates $5.3 million to assist
@
Palestinians.
• Iran restricts medical care for Nobel
laureate over hijab. Prison authorities
refuse to transfer Narges, who suffers
from heart and lung conditions, to a
hospital outside Evin, as reported by her
family.
• Uber and Lyft agree to pay drivers $328
million to settle wage theft claims. The
agreement also ensures a minimum of $26
per hour for workers outside NYC, with
drivers earning one hour of sick pay for
every 30 hours worked.
• Europe experiences the wrath of furious
winds, claiming six lives in the storm. Storm
Ciaran closely follows Storm Babet,
107
 News Excerpts
propelled by a powerful jet stream from
the Atlantic.
• Dominant Djokovic triumphs in the Paris
Masters opener.
• Pakistan secures victory in the Poomsae
Event at Asian taekwondo. Ameer Hamza
from Pakistan secures the first position
with a score of 6.73 in the men's over-18
individual freestyle event.
• The International Finance Corporation
unveils a $1.5 billion investment plan for
Pakistan. In addition to IFC's contribution,
the World Bank will allocate over $3 billion
for infrastructure development in
Pakistan's energy sector, according to an
e
in
IFC official.
az
• The PSX simplifies the process of opening a
ag
basic brokerage account by significantly
m
er
reducing the number of required data
on
fields for customer onboarding.
k
ec
• High wheat output yields a benefit of
er
Rs400bn. This result was achieved through
th
a national project aimed at increasing
wheat productivity and reducing the
productivity gap of Rs30.45bn.
• Oil rises by 1% following the decision of the
Federal Reserve and the Bank of England
to maintain interest rates. The Bank of
England keeps interest rates at 5.25%,
which is the highest level in 15 years.
• The rupee experiences its 9th consecutive
loss against the dollar. The State Bank's
foreign exchange reserves see a slight
increase of $14m.
• Sales of oil marketing companies surge by
19% in October. According to Topline
Securities, this increase to 1.26m tons can
be attributed to the low base of the
previous month.
• Stocks add 314 points to the overnight
om
rally. However, the overall trading volume
l.c
decreases by 9.7% to 475 million shares.
ai
• The smartphone financing policy is
gm
finalized. The IT minister states, "People
@
can expect good news regarding the
availability of smartphones through easy
installment plans."
• A joint initiative is launched to address
malnutrition in flood-hit areas. The UN's
World Food Programme and the Ministry
of Planning Development and Special
Initiatives collaborate on this effort.
• The World Bank commits to strengthening
the Benazir Income Support Programme
(BISP) by approving $18.3m in additional
financing for the CASA-1000 project.
• The Senate approves a resolution for the
extension of the NAB ordinance.
• Pakistan seeks swift relocation of Afghans.
The Foreign Office states, "We are
engaged with a number of countries,
108
 News Excerpts
including the US, regarding the • Observers warn of genocide against
resettlement of Afghans in third Palestinians. A group of UN experts
countries." strongly believes that the Palestinian
• A resolution in the US Senate urges an end people are facing a severe risk of genocide.
to religious discrimination in India. The • Dog slaughterhouse shuts down in
resolution highlights concern over Vietnam, granting freedom to innocent
discriminatory practices, particularly puppies. It is estimated that around five
against Muslims and Christians. million canines are slaughtered for meat
annually in Vietnam.
4 November 2023
• Bangladesh authorities continue to arrest

om
• The operation to clear PAF's Mianwali air opposition leaders as the Prime Minister

l.c
base concludes with the neutralization of 9 rejects dialogue. A strike by garment

ai
terrorists. No damage was done to any of workers leads to the suspension of

gm
PAF's functional operational assets. production in factories manufacturing
@
• At least 143 people are reported dead in clothes for major global brands.
e
in

the Nepal earthquake. The 5.6-magnitude • Charles faces scrutiny over his colonial
az

quake is also felt in New Delhi, nearly history during his visit to Kenya. This visit
ag

500km away from the epicenter. marks Charles's first trip to a former
m
er

• Jirga pledges to uphold peace in Bajaur. British colony since ascending to the
on

• Approximately 500 residents of Karachi throne last year.

k

fall victim to road accidents daily. Experts

ec

• Weekly inflation soars by 30% due to

er

reveal that 70% of these accidents involve surging food prices.

th

young motorcyclists, urging parents not to • Additionally, weekly inflation records a

permit underage boys to ride motorcycles. 0.71% increase on a week-on-week basis.
• Muslim concerns regarding Gaza pose • Cement sales witness an impressive rise of
electoral risks for Biden. "I have no nearly 15% during July-October.
intention of voting for the Democratic • Export shipments surge by a staggering
Party, and if Trump becomes the 78.53% to 2.466 million tons in July-
Republican candidate, I may abstain from October, compared to 1.381 million tons in
voting altogether," states a Palestinian the same period last year.
American.
109
 News Excerpts
• Oil prices decline as the geopolitical risk
premium diminishes. Brent crude futures
drop by $2.03, or 2.4%, to $83.82 per
barrel.
• The rupee weakens amidst robust demand
for dollars. The State Bank of Pakistan
reports the closing price of the dollar at
Rs284.31, marking the 10th consecutive
session of its appreciation.
• The government has implemented stricter
regulations for the import of GMO seeds.
This announcement was made by
caretaker federal minister Dr. Kausar
Abdullah Malik during a meeting with the
All Pakistan Solvent Extractors
e
in
Association.
az
• Stocks surge past the record level of
ag
53,000. The PSX benchmark has been the
m
er
top-performing index since the end of
on
August, according to Bloomberg.
k
ec
• A memorandum of understanding (MoU)
er
has been signed to enhance remittances
th
from Arab countries. The integration of
Raast with Buna will enable real-time
money transfers for Pakistanis.
• Cotton production witnesses a remarkable
82% increase. Despite complaints from
ginners about falling lint prices, the
Trading Corporation of Pakistan remains
inactive.
• Statements from banned outfits on TV
channels are now prohibited. PEMRA has
instructed electronic media to avoid
content that could disrupt the conduct of
general elections.
• A UN body has endorsed Pakistan's stance
on regional peace. Islamabad emphasizes
the importance of maintaining restraint
and balance in the defense capabilities of
states within the same region.
om
• The country's wheat reserves are
l.c
abundant. These reserves are sufficient to
ai
meet the essential needs of the country
gm
until May 2024, when the new crop
@
harvest enters the market.
• The CDWP has approved nine projects to
attract international investment. These
projects span various sectors, including
food, agriculture, education, energy, and
housing.
• Israeli forces encircle Gaza, signaling a new
phase. The US underscores the importance
of a Palestinian state for Israel's security.
Tragically, fourteen Palestinians have lost
their lives while fleeing, and all possible
actions are being considered, as stated by
the Hezbollah chief.
• In Gwadar, militants attack troops,
resulting in the martyrdom of fourteen.
Additionally, two army personnel are
martyred in the Lakki operation, and
110
 News Excerpts
another in the D.I. Khan blast. Regrettably,
five civilians also fall victim to an IED blast.
• More holding areas emerge in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan refutes claims of
"forcible" eviction, as over 200,000
Afghans, who were residing illegally in
Pakistan, return via Torkham and Chaman.
5 November 2023
• Virat Kohli matches Tendulkar's record of
including women and children, have
voluntarily returned.
• Rescue efforts are halted after the Nepal
quake. With at least 157 fatalities,
survivors spend the night under the open
sky, as their mud houses are reduced to
piles of rubble.
• Polling was conducted in several cities
including Karachi, Sukkur, Ghotki,
Khairpur, Jacobabad, Larkana, Shaheed

om
ODI centuries as India triumphs over Benazirabad, and Naushahro Feroze. Two

l.c
South Africa in the World Cup. individuals were injured in a scuffle in

ai
• An Israeli minister faces suspension from Memon Goth.

gm
government meetings due to a • The Indian capital once again claims the
@
controversial comment about the "nuclear unfortunate title of the world's most
e
in

option" in Gaza. polluted city.

az

• Saudi Arabia expresses concern over the • The situation in Gaza worsens as a school is
ag

"penetration of extremism and brutality" hit by an Israeli strike. Blinken engages in

m
er

among Israeli government members, talks in Amman, while Turkey recalls its
on

following a recent statement. ambassador from Tel Aviv. A tragic attack

k

• The JUI-F chief meets Hamas leaders in

ec

on a UN-run school leaves 15 people dead.

er

Qatar, while the latter urge the Muslim • According to the UNHCR, there are
th

world to unite against Israeli injustices. approximately 4.4 million stateless

Maulana states, "Israel is attempting to individuals worldwide, and the impact of
alter the status quo in Palestine through statelessness on those without a
oppression and injustice." nationality is devastating.
• A decade of displacement: The • Albanese embarks on a "landmark" state
repatriation of illegal Afghan citizens visit to China, marking the first visit by an
begins at a sluggish pace. Since September Australian leader in seven years. The two
17, approximately 128,000 individuals, nations aim to strengthen their
relationship.
111
 News Excerpts
• Construction on the Daducha Dam is set to
commence this month, with the project
cost now estimated at Rs10 billion.
• Lahore Zoo is scheduled to be closed for
three months starting from November 7.
The Rs1.83 billion revamp project includes
civil work and the addition of new animals.
• Mayor Wahab is facing candidates from
the JI and TLP in the local government by-
elections today.
• In Karachi, 121 polling stations have been
established, and Deputy Mayor Salman
Murad is competing for UC chairman
against candidates from the JI, TLP, and
PTI.
e
in
• Thousands of people attended a pro-
az
Palestinian rally in London. This marks the
ag
fourth consecutive week that the British
m
er
capital has hosted a large rally in support of
on
Palestinians since last month.
k
ec
• The loss of civilian lives in Gaza is
er
influencing opinions in the United States.
th
Fourteen US senators are urging a
humanitarian pause in Israeli actions in
Gaza, while Democrats are questioning the
Biden administration's emergency military
program for Israel.
• Bangladesh garment workers clash with
police as factories reopen. Police have
reported that approximately 600
businesses, previously closed due to the
strike, have now reopened in the areas
most affected.
• Shahzaib Khan secures the gold medal in
Asian taekwondo.
• Export of services experiences a third
consecutive monthly increase. In terms of
rupees, the export of services surged by
30.59% in September, reaching
Rs170.06bn compared to Rs130.22bn in
the same month last year.
om
• Sinopec signs LNG deal with Qatar. The
l.c
two companies have agreed to collaborate
ai
on the second phase of Qatar's North Field
gm
expansion project.
@
• The dollar's bull run continues due to
strong demand and decreasing inflows.
Experts believe that the IMF's second
tranche is unlikely to boost inflows.
• Business leaders warn that gas tariff hikes
will have disastrous consequences for the
industry. Zubair Motiwala of BMG states
that Karachi will face a deep crisis
following the significant increase in gas
prices.
• PSX reaches a new peak in the outgoing
week. The KSE-100 index closed at 53,123
points, marking a weekly increase of 2,179
points or 4.3%.
• Three key water projects encounter
funding shortfall. An extension of two
years is being sought for the Rs194bn
112
 News Excerpts
schemes that were originally planned to be
completed by 2024.
• The Balochistan government is developing
a plan to combat the Congo virus. The
health secretary has announced the
establishment of an isolation ward to treat
those infected with the virus, and doctors
and medical staff have been informed
about preventive measures.
• More than 7,000 individuals
• The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)
continues its bullish run, gaining over 700
points. Analysts attribute this surge to the
ongoing IMF review and falling interest
rates in the secondary markets.
• Sri Lanka sacks its cricket board just days
after a World Cup thrashing by India.
• The country's state-owned enterprises are
in a state of disarray.
have • Police successfully repel terrorist attacks

om
voluntarily returned to Afghanistan on two checkpoints in Dera Ismail Khan.

l.c
through Torkham and Angoor Adda. • The Punjab Chief Minister approves Rs2

ai
Additionally, approximately 168,000 billion for the upgrade of all police stations

gm
immigrants have departed through KP in the province. The Special Initiative
@
since mid-September. It is important to Police Stations project aims to provide
e
in

note that immigrants who are permitted to quick relief, monitor complaints, and bring
az

resettle abroad are exempt from arrest. about a change in the police culture.
ag

• Despite low turnout, the Pakistan Peoples

m

6 November 2023
er

Party (PPP) emerges victorious in the

on

• Angelo Mathews of Sri Lanka has become majority of seats in the Karachi local
k

the first player in the 146-year history of

ec

government by-elections. Mayor Wahab

international cricket to be given a "timed
er

and his deputy are appointed as UC

th

out" dismissal. chairmen for Gizri and Memon Goth,

• Prominent Palestinian activist Ahed respectively.
Tamimi was arrested during an Israeli raid • Qatar asserts that prisoner releases
in the West Bank. require a "period of calm."
• Tamimi, an icon of the Palestinian cause, • The Prime Minister warns that
was apprehended on suspicion of "inciting negotiations are at risk of failure due to
violence and engaging in terrorist Israel's attacks and the spread of
activities" in the town of Nabi Salih. misinformation about the talks.

113
 News Excerpts
• Hamas leader Haniyeh briefs
Khamenei on the situation in Gaza, while
the Turkish Foreign Minister engages with
counterparts from Egypt and Jordan,
calling for an "urgent ceasefire."
• Thousands of demonstrators gather in
Washington to voice their opposition to US
policy regarding the Gaza unrest. Officials
report that more than 300 Americans, over
100 Britons, and their families have been
Iran's • Over 170,000 Afghans have left Pakistan
since September 17, with approximately
6,584 returning voluntarily on Sunday,
indicating a slowdown in the exodus.
• Following an $18 billion loss, the
government plans to reassess the liabilities
of Pakistan Steel Mills. The Pakistan
Institute of Management will review the
real estate, assets, and legal aspects.
• A Balochistan minister has blamed "two

om
safely evacuated from the Gaza Strip. neighbors" for terrorism, while he alleges

l.c
• Bangladesh has arrested 8,000 opposition that India is spreading unrest in the region.

ai
activists ahead of the upcoming general • Two soldiers who were martyred in a

gm
election in January. Gwadar attack have been buried in Shigar.
@
• Russia conducts a test launch of an • Khalid Hussain Magsi has been elected as
e
in

intercontinental missile from a nuclear the president of the BAP party. Party
az

submarine, with Kremlin spokesman sources reveal that Senate Chairman Sadiq
ag

Dmitry Peskov stating in an interview that Sanjrani and other leaders have shown
m
er

relations with the United States are "below interest in the key position.
on

zero." • Iran claims to have detained "three

k
ec

• Concerns have also arisen regarding Mossad agents" in a joint operation with
er

appointments as the Zaka-led PCB Afghanistan. Iranian state TV reports that

th

committee receives a three-month the agents were apprehended in the

extension. mountainous region between Iran and
• Global oil equation undergoes Afghanistan.
transformation while the ongoing Middle • The climate crisis has resulted in the loss of
East conflict leaves oil prices unaffected. It lives and gains in Pakistan, as suggested by
is the world's transition to clean energy the UN's environment program. It
that may ultimately prove to be the game- emphasizes the importance of identifying
changer. and understanding the cascading effects of
specific climate shocks.
114
 News Excerpts
• A doctor from Quetta has died from the
Congo virus while enroute to Karachi. The
deceased was one of the 11 healthcare
providers infected after an outbreak of the
virus.
• Gaza is facing intensified house-to-house
combat as the siege tightens. An Israeli
minister has backtracked after suggesting
the use of a nuclear bomb on the besieged
enclave. Reports indicate intense bombing
• UN envoy Munir Akram praises Pakistan's
efforts in defending and propagating the
Palestinian position. Akram highlights the
paralysis of the UN Security Council due to
certain powers preventing calls for a
ceasefire.
• In Chile, the Palestinian diaspora raises its
voice for Gaza. With roots dating back to
the late 19th century, when Christians fled
the faltering Ottoman Empire, the

om
as the Gaza Strip suffers its third internet Palestinian community in Chile expresses

l.c
blackout. solidarity with Gaza.

ai
• The rupee continues its slide for the 12th

gm
7 November 2023
consecutive session, depreciating by Rs1.1
@
• Maxwell's incredible performance leads in the interbank market during afternoon
e
in

Australia to an improbable victory in the trade.

az

World Cup semifinals. With just 19 balls to • Indian states vote in a critical test for Modi
ag

spare, Maxwell guided Australia to surpass and rivals ahead of the 2024 general
m
er

Afghanistan's total of 291 for five wickets. election. Opinion polls indicate close
on

• Prime Minister Kakar to attend ECO contests between BJP and Congress,
k

summit in Tashkent. The Foreign Office

ec

particularly in the heartland states of

er

states that the caretaker premier will Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and
th

depart tomorrow and present Pakistan's Chhattisgarh.

vision for promoting "regional connectivity • PSX briefly breaches the 54,000 barrier in
and mutual prosperity." intraday trading before closing negatively.
• Sri Lankan court restores sacked cricket The KSE-100 index concludes at
board in a surprising turn of events. A court 53,735.73, marking a loss of 124.63 points
official confirms that the board will be or 0.23%.
reinstated for a two-week period until the • Saudi Arabia pledges more scholarships for
case is heard again. Pakistani students. The caretaker minister
suggests collaboration between KSA and
115
 News Excerpts
Pakistani universities to expand research
in areas such as 'shariat' and others.
• The Centre assures Sindh CM of a
sovereign guarantee for the revival of KCR.
The caretaker PM promises full support for
the K-IV, Red Line, and Malir Expressway
projects.
• Russia calls for 'collective action' to
address the Gaza crisis. Moscow,
maintaining ties with both Hamas and
Israel, offers its mediation to resolve the
unrest.
• UN chief urgently calls for a ceasefire in
Gaza. He emphasizes the need for all
parties to respect their obligations under
in
international humanitarian law.
az
• Israel's assault on Gaza severely impacts
ag
education. With 11 out of 14 universities
m
er
completely destroyed, Israel specifically
on
targets educational institutes in Gaza.
k
ec
• Russian strikes injure eight in Odesa and
er
damage a museum. Kyiv confirms that last
th
week's attack during an award ceremony
resulted in the loss of 19 soldiers.
• Blizzards in China ground flights and force
school closures. A rescue operation is
underway after a gymnasium in Jiamusi
City, Heilongjiang, collapses, trapping
three individuals inside.
• City, Bayern, Real, and Barca aim to secure
spots in the Champions League last-16
stage.
• AC Milan faces a bleak situation as the
seven-time champions, while Dortmund
looks to bounce back from their humbling
defeat at home by Bayern.
• PSX experiences a 737-point rally,
reaching new highs. An analyst from Arif
Habib Corporation attributes the
om
sustained momentum on the bourse to the
l.c
announcement of the poll date and
ai
deliberations on SIFC initiatives.
gm
• @Oil prices rise due to supply cuts. Saudi
Arabia confirms its commitment to an
e
additional voluntary cut of 1 million barrels
per day in December.
• SECP signs MoU with FIA to combat digital
fraud. The SECP seeks the assistance of the
FIA in enhancing the capacity of its officers.
• Ensuring theft control and promoting
renewable energy are crucial for
maintaining low tariffs. During a session,
an official announced LESCO's plans to
establish its own police force, while the
CEO reported a recovery of Rs1.91 billion
in theft cases.
• Fiscal consolidation will persist until the
end of the year, impacting federal and
provincial development projects. Exports
to the Middle East have seen a significant
116
 News Excerpts
increase of over 21%, except for exports to
Qatar, which experienced a decline.
• The rupee continues to depreciate, with
the dollar surging by Rs2 in the open
market, signaling a steep PKR depreciation
at Rs287. Pakistan ranks as the third top
recipient of Chinese finance, with the
energy sector receiving the highest share
of development finance, totaling 40% or
$28.4 billion from 2000 to 2021.
• A Nobel laureate from Iran has gone on a
hunger strike while serving a 12-year
prison sentence on multiple charges,
including spreading propaganda against
Iran.
in
• The Congo virus claims another life,
az
prompting urgent measures in cities, and
ag
the total number of patients in Karachi has
m
er
reached 11. A temporary ban has been
on
imposed on slaughterhouses in Quetta for
k
ec
two weeks.
er
• China and Australia have agreed to ease
th
tensions and "turn the page," with
President Xi emphasizing the need to
promote the development of a strategic
partnership.
• PPP and PML-N have halted the move to
create a "supra body" for economic plans,
sparking a debate in the Senate on the
separation of politics and the economy.
• The premature closure of borders has left
immigrants exposed to the elements,
leading to protests in Chaman. PKMAP
chief Achakzai warns that the protests will
spread to other areas if their demands are
not met.
• PM instructed the elimination of drug
peddling from schools in the capital along
with establishment of the Dolphin Force in
Islamabad.
om
• In Tirah valley, a colonel and three
l.c
terrorists have been martyred in an
ai
intense gun battle resulting in the death of
gm
@three terrorists and the injury of as many.
• Israeli brutalities continue to escalate, with
e
the death toll surpassing 10,000.
• As the US sends a nuclear submarine to the
region, South Africa recalls its diplomats
from Tel Aviv in response to an Israeli
minister's nuclear remarks.
8 November 2023
• Inzamam, after resigning as chief selector,
voices grievances against the PCB,
criticizing the tendency of people to avoid
taking responsibility and deflect blame.
• Two terrorists have been killed in an
intelligence-based operation in Chitral,
with ongoing efforts to neutralize any
other terrorists in the area through the
sanitization of surrounding areas.
117
 News Excerpts
• Families of martyrs are calling for the
restoration of military courts, expressing
their concerns during a press conference in
Islamabad. They plan to approach the apex
court on Monday.
• In a letter to the Prime Minister, President
Alvi raises PTI's concerns regarding a level
playing field for political parties,
emphasizing the government's
responsibility as a neutral entity to ensure
fairness for all political parties.
• The health crisis in Gaza worsens for the
chronically ill as Israeli aggression
escalates. The World Health Organization
(WHO) advocates for the release of the
most vulnerable among the chronically ill
to receive treatment.
ag
• PM Kakar expresses satisfaction at the
m
er
"growing bilateral cooperation"
on
Uzbekistan and discusses the ongoing
k
ec
humanitarian situation in Gaza with Uzbek
er
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
th
• Since the Afghan interim government
came to power in 2021, terror incidents
have increased, according to PM Kakar.
There has been a 60% rise in terror
incidents and a 500% surge in suicide
attacks in Pakistan since 2021.
• Bulls drive the PSX to a new high, closing
over 500 points ahead. The KSE-100 index
surpasses the 54,000 milestone once
again.
• Amid Pakistan terror attacks, the US
clarifies that no equipment was left behind
by its forces during the Afghanistan
pullout. A US official emphasizes the
longstanding partnership with Pakistan in
supporting law enforcement and pledges
to value the ties.
• The US House censures lone Palestinian-
om
American lawmaker for her comments on
l.c
Israel. Rashida Tlaib accuses President
ai
Biden of supporting "the genocide of
gm
Palestinian people" in a video and asserts
@
that she "will not be silenced."
e
in
• Four dengue virus strains pose a risk to the
az
general public.
• The minister refutes allegations of
with concealing the exact scale of the disease.
• PML-N refers to it as an election alliance,
while MQM-P disagrees. MQM's Amin
clarifies that only "seat adjustments" were
agreed upon, and a comprehensive charter
to address Sindh's issues is expected
within 10 days.
• Two more cops martyred in another attack
in D.I. Khan. Three cops were also injured
in the incident.
• Reko Diq deal with Saudi firm expected
this year. PM Kakar hopes that the Saudi
Investment Fund Company (SIFC) will
118
 News Excerpts
bring in over $60 billion to Pakistan in the
next five years.
• Health emergency declared in several
districts of Punjab to combat smog. A
public holiday has been announced for the
coming Thursday, and Friday has also been
designated as a holiday, according to the
Punjab CM.
• Israel hints at assuming security control of
the Gaza Strip. US Secretary of State
Blinken urges the G7 to speak "in a clear
voice" about the crisis.
• 600 players from 46 different clubs
participate in the Dir sports festival.
• State-run hospitals may start charging
e
in
affluent patients. Minister Nadeem Jan
az
reveals that the ministry is working to
ag
secure $1 billion for the health sector.
m
er
• Honda extends car plant shutdown and
on
closes the plant until November 9. Car
k
ec
assemblers once again face issues related
er
to importing completely knocked-down
th
kits.
• Stocks retreat after crossing the 54,000
level. Investors choose to book profits,
resulting in the KSE-100 index entering
negative territory.
• China is owed over $1 trillion in Belt and
Road debt. The first decade witnessed the
distribution of substantial loans to fund the
construction of bridges, ports, and
highways in low and middle-income
countries.
• Oil prices drop 3% due to concerns about
demand. Brent and US West Texas
Intermediate reach their lowest levels
since July 24.
• PM Kakar expresses optimism about
financial inclusion, highlighting VRG's
Asaan Mobile Account scheme that
simplifies bank account opening without
om
internet connectivity.
l.c
• UN expresses concerns over significant
ai
increase in post-flood reconstruction costs
gm
in Pakistan. Adaptation Gap Report 2023 -
@
Pakistan chapter reveals the full impact on
GDP is still unknown.
• The federal government notifies a
minimum salary of Rs 32,000 per month for
civil employees, effective from July 1.
• Pakistan sends another aid consignment to
Gazans. The first relief consignment was
dispatched on Oct 19.
• Turkish parliament boycotts products
supporting Israel. Restaurants, cafeterias,
and tea houses in the parliament campus
will not sell products from companies
endorsing Israel.
• Red Cross condemns the plight of children
as a moral failure of the world. ICRC states
that massive bombardments are
119
 News Excerpts
devastating civilian infrastructure in Gaza,
causing long-term hardship.
• Europe's Euclid Space Telescope unveils its
inaugural images. Launched in July, Euclid
embarks on a pioneering mission to
unravel cosmic mysteries surrounding
dark matter and dark energy.
• BD garment workers reject a 56% pay
raise, leading to strikes and recent violent
incidents.
is a unique transformation for humanity to
achieve success in this world and the
hereafter.
• Caretaker PM refers to the Taliban regime
as an "enabler" of terror. Islamabad stands
firm on deporting illegal Afghans and urges
Kabul to take action against anti-Pakistan
groups.
• Thousands forcibly displaced from Gaza's
north. Hamas accuses the UN agency for

om
Palestinian refugees of "colluding" with
9 November 2023

l.c
Israel in the forced displacement of Gaza

ai
• Gaza activist detained and awaiting residents.

gm
deportation during a speaking tour in • Congo fever claims another life in Karachi.
@
France. "We are expected to suffer in "The total number of patients suspected or
e
in

silence, without expressing pain," said confirmed with CCHF in Karachi now
az

Mariam Abudaqa during a press reaches 16," states an AKUH official.

ag

conference. • Militant attack on Karak police station in

m
er

• Authorities initiate operations against KP repelled. Police report that the

on

illegal residents nationwide after the attackers fled the scene, leaving a
k

voluntary exit deadline expired on Nov 1.

ec

constable injured. CTD registers a case

er

• PM Kakar calls for holding Israel against unknown gunmen and initiates an
th

accountable for its actions in Gaza at the investigation.

ECO Summit 2023. The premier remarks,
"Unfortunately, those who claim to follow
Moses are following the footsteps of
pharaoh."
• President Alvi and PM Kakar urge the
nation to embrace Iqbal's philosophy for a
prosperous country. The premier
emphasizes that Iqbal's concept of "khudi"
• Belgian deputy PM calls for sanctions on
Israel. Israel opts out of the "humanitarian
conference" for Gaza in Paris, while Italy
dispatches a hospital ship to the enclave's
coast to aid Palestinians.
• Scientists predict this year to be the
warmest in 125,000 years. Last month's
average temperature surpasses the
120
 News Excerpts
previous record from 2019 by 0.4 degrees insurance companies and its impact on
Celsius, marking a remarkably extreme solvency requirements.
anomaly. • Unprecedented increase in gas and fixed
• Industrial robot accident claims life in charges: Monthly fixed charges for
South Korea. The machine malfunctioned, residential "protected category"
failing to distinguish a person from the consumers have been raised from Rs10 to
boxes of produce it was handling. Rs400.
• PSX achieves a historic milestone, closing • Punjab Grid Company obtains license:
above 54,000. Topline Securities CEO Joining Sindh and KP, Punjab now has its
notes a two-year high in daily business, own provincial grid company, despite

om
with a trading value surpassing $70m. opposition from Punjab-based ex-WAPDA

l.c
• Pak Suzuki halts car plant operations. The discos.

ai
plant shutdown extends from Nov 9-14 • Saudi Arabia and Pakistan to enhance

gm
due to an ongoing shortage of parts. media ties: Solangi and the Saudi envoy
@
• Rupee continues to weaken against the discuss the upcoming OIC meeting
e
in

dollar. Surprisingly, the Exchange scheduled for November 12.

az

Companies Association of Pakistan • Demand for restoration of military courts:

ag

reports no change in the dollar rate, while People from across the country gather in
m
er

it settles at Rs286.90. Islamabad to advocate for the revival of

on

• PSX advocates for an online-only broker military courts to try civilians accused of
k
ec

regime. This approach enables customer terrorism.

er

onboarding and trading services to be • Empowering FC to combat smuggling: The

th

conducted entirely through online force will exempt bona fide passengers and
channels. goods cleared in Customs areas from
• US official urges Pakistani businesses to baggage checks.
conduct roadshows in America. FPCCI • Two "militants" eliminated near Afghan
chief demands enhanced access to the US border: ISPR confirms the sanitization of
market. the surrounding areas to neutralize any
• Debt issuance by insurance companies: other terrorists present.
The SECP has released a concept paper on • Pakistan urged to balance ties with the US
the issuance of subordinated debt by and China.
121
 News Excerpts
• Journalist Baqir Sajjad emphasizes • Pakistan Stock Exchange reaches all-time
Pakistan's strategic selection of partners high with a 1,100-point surge, surpassing
aligned with its goals in the evolving global the 55,000 milestone.
landscape. • Analyst attributes rally to strong domestic
• PM Kakar arrives in Tashkent for the ECO buying and reducing PIB yields.
summit: The Prime Minister meets • Surge in nationwide polio cases alarms
Uzbekistan President Shavkat Mirziyoyev health officials: Additional 9 positive
on the sidelines of the summit. samples bring the nationwide tally to 64
• China expresses readiness to improve ties this year, collected from Karachi, Chaman,
with the US: Biden and Xi expected to be in Kohat, Peshawar, and Nowshera.

om
the spotlight at the Asia-Pacific Economic • Govt and IMF agree on backup steps in

l.c
Cooperation next week. review talks: Fixed tax on retailers and

ai
realtors may be introduced from Jan 1;

gm
revenue targets and import growth key
@
10 November 2023
concerns for the Fund's mission.
e
in

• ICC suspends Sri Lanka Cricket over

• Govt reveals plan to expel documented
az

political interference.
immigrants: Achakzai states that the next
ag

• Sri Lanka Cricket in serious breach of its

government is "bound" to follow this
m

obligations as a member to manage its

er

policy; UNHCR team postpones visit to

on

affairs autonomously.
Khyber due to a threat alert.
k

• Justice Naqvi raises concerns with SJC

ec

• Preparing PIA for take-off before sell-off:

inquiry against him, calls for CJP and two
er

As the government aims to privatize the

th

other judges to recuse themselves.

flag carrier, recent crises related to fuel
• Traders accuse police of forcing closure of
supply raise concerns.
businesses in Lahore during smog
• Street combat continues in Gaza as Biden
lockdown, despite having permits.
rules out ceasefire: Hamas fighters clash
• Pakistan urges UNSC to call for
with Israeli soldiers backed by armored
unconditional ceasefire in Gaza, calling on
vehicles in the ruins of the besieged
abettors of Israel to prevent plans for
territory's north.
settler colonialism and ethnic cleansing of
• Democracy fosters economic stability,
Palestinians.
affirms US official: A senior US official at
122
 News Excerpts
the State Department states that a • Mossad and CIA chiefs engage in prisoner
government aligned with the will of its discussions in Qatar. Islamic Jihad
people is better equipped to implement expresses readiness to release two Israelis;
economic reforms. Turkiye poised to assume the role of
• Pakistan Stock Exchange introduces guarantor.
broker rankings: Monthly rankings will be • Germany faces criticism at the UN for its
based on new unique identification stance on Gaza. Turkiye urges Berlin to
numbers opened, traded value, and trading cease providing any military support to
volume. Israel, following Germany's reaffirmation
• Decline in exports to Europe despite GSP+: of Israel's right to self-defense.

om
Revenue falls to $1.929bn in July- • North Korea allegedly smuggling arms to

l.c
September FY24, a noticeable drop from Russia. Blinken holds talks with South

ai
$2.212bn recorded in the corresponding Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol in Seoul.

gm
months of the previous year. • Myanmar
@ junta fears potential
• ECO must tap into untapped trade disintegration of the country. The junta-
e
in

potential: Let us transform ECO into an backed president states that if the military
az

organization of action, not just words; fails to suppress a joint offensive by ethnic
ag

implementation, not just commitments," armed groups along the Chinese border,
m
er

says PM Kakar. the nation is at risk of fragmentation.

on

• Snowfall blocks key road in Kaghan Valley,

k

11 November 2023
ec

leaving tourists stranded.

er

• Increased surveillance as West Nile Virus • Starting next year, the government will
th

claims a woman's life in Peshawar: Medical impose a fee of Rs200 for SIM card

experts call for isolation units at medical disownment.

teaching institutions. • This new charge will apply to SIM cards

• Pakistani teacher awarded prestigious that have been in use for less than six

accolade. Sister Zeph wins the esteemed months.

Global Teacher Prize for her remarkable • Anti-polio campaign: 294,000 children in

dedication to educating underprivileged Punjab left unvaccinated.

children. • Punjab government lifts lockdown
following rainfall.
123
 News Excerpts
• Rise in Congo fever deaths raises concerns
in Sindh.
• UN rights chief calls for investigation into
Israel's use of "high-impact" weapons. The
official expresses serious concerns that
these attacks may constitute
disproportionate actions in violation of
international humanitarian law.
• UN adopts six resolutions in support of
Palestinians. Another resolution reiterates
Meanwhile, the forex reserves held by SBP
witness a slight increase of $4 million,
reaching $7.51 billion by the week ending
on November 3.
• UAE realtors plan a $25 billion investment.
A delegation of strong UAE real estate
companies announces this during their
visit to the Association of Builders and
Developers of Pakistan.
• The index soars above the 55,000 level in a

om
the demand for UN agencies to investigate massive rally.

l.c
human rights violations committed by • Amid global challenges, India and the US

ai
Israeli occupation forces. push for defense deals. New Delhi eagerly

gm
• Hasina rejects further salary increases, awaits US government clearance to
@
warns workers of potential job losses. purchase 31 armed drones.
e
in

Bangladesh's 3,500 garment factories • Israeli forces wage war on Gaza hospitals.
az

contribute to approximately 85% of its Nearly 60 health facilities are left

ag

annual exports worth $55 billion. inoperative as tanks surround them. The
m
er

• Economic Coordination Committee WHO chief sounds the alarm on the health
on

approves fund reallocation for system.

k
ec

cybersecurity. It also sanctions an

12 November 2023
er

additional charge of Rs1.72 per unit for KE

th

consumers and grants Rs47.5 million to the • Since Israel began bombarding the Gaza

interior ministry. Furthermore, the Strip on October 7, over 11,000

committee extends the guarantee limit to Palestinians have tragically lost their lives.

PSO by Rs100 billion. • Justice (retd) Arshad Hussain Shah is

• Weekly inflation remains above 29%. sworn in as the Chief Minister of KP.

• Adviser appointed for PIA privatization. • Israel faces condemnation from OIC and

• Remittances surge to $2.5 billion in AL members, but responses differ. The

October. However, the four-month figure summit rejects Tel Aviv's self-defense

still reflects a 13% year-on-year decline.

124
 News Excerpts
claim, while proposals to disrupt oil supply • Pakistan shares a plan with the IMF to add
to Israel fail. 1.5 million new taxpayers. A senior tax
• After a two-month hiatus, Moscow strikes official hails the blueprint as a significant
Kyiv again. The air force claims to have milestone in Pakistan's effort to
downed 19 out of 31 drones launched by strengthen its fiscal framework.
Moscow. • London's pro-Palestinian rally draws
• Violent protests result in the closure of 300,000 attendees. Sadiq Khan and Humza
150 factories in Bangladesh. Yousaf accuse the UK Interior Minister of
• Three armed militants are killed in a CTD emboldening the far right. Additionally,
operation in Mastung. A significant 20,000 people join a rally in Brussels.

om
number of weapons and ammunition is • Hundreds of activists in Kenya demand

l.c
recovered from their possession. action against plastic pollution. The

ai
• China shuts down Khunjerab Pass for four marchers call for focused talks on reducing

gm
months, citing the need to amend and sign plastic production.
@
the agreement on border ports and • Pakistan urges easing of political pressure
e
in

management systems through diplomatic on UNGA. Munir Akram states that

az

channels. revitalizing the assembly is a political issue,

ag

• Moody's downgrades US credit rating, and while improvements in processes and

m
er

drawing ire from Washington. The sharp methods of work are necessary, they
on

rise in Treasury yields has intensified require political attention.

k
ec

pressure on US debt affordability, • Karachi reports the fourth death from

er

according to Moody's. brain-eating amoeba in 18 days. The city's

th

• PSX continues its record-breaking streak. death toll from the infection this year
Arif Habib states that the stock market's reaches 12.
bullish run is fueled by the first loan review • Experts advocate the use of predictive AI
by the IMF. cybersecurity to thwart attacks. A
• Petro China replaces Exxon in Iraq's conference at PIIA highlights Pakistan's
oilfield and becomes the largest unpreparedness for cyber warfare.
stakeholder in the field after Exxon's • New CEO of Railways, Amir Ali Baloch,
departure. outlines his priorities. Improving

125
 News Excerpts
passenger services and increasing revenue
through freight are his immediate targets.
• The lack of an increase in the number of
Deosai bears is a concern for
conservationists. In an effort to study their
behavior, experts have equipped three
bears with GPS collars, attributing the
disruption in their habitat to increased
human activity.
children under the age of five from
preventable diseases.
• UK PM Sunak has dismissed interior
minister Suella Braverman following her
comments on pro-Palestine protests.
• All 40 workers involved in the India tunnel
collapse have been reported as safe.
Rescue officials have been providing
oxygen to the blocked portion of the tunnel
and sending food through a water pipe.

om
13 November 2023
• Pakistani start-up Voyage Freight has

l.c
• Two soldiers were martyred in an secured $1m in pre-seed funding. The

ai
exchange of fire with militants in North company aims to simplify the complexity of

gm
Waziristan, according to ISPR. @traditional global shipping.
• An Australian club cricketer achieved a • The navies of China and Pakistan have
e
in

remarkable feat by taking six wickets in six conducted joint drills shortly after Russia's
az

balls to secure a victory. It is worth noting historic Andaman Sea exercise. This marks
ag

that the record for the most wickets in an the first time that China and Pakistan have
m
er

over in professional cricket is five, engaged in joint maritime patrols.

on

achieved by Wagner from New Zealand, • The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)
k

Hossain from Bangladesh, and Mithun

ec

continues its bullish run and has surpassed

from India.
er

the 56,000 milestone.

th

• The LHC has ordered the closure of • The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan
schools on November 18 and (HRCP) has called for an immediate
recommended a two-day remote work ceasefire in Gaza. The HRCP urges the
arrangement to combat smog. international community to utilize this
• South Asia has been identified as the tragedy as an opportunity to devise and
region with the highest water scarcity, implement a sustainable peace process.
according to the UN. The extreme • The "Smog Awareness Family Bicycle
vulnerability to water shortages Ride" initiative in Lahore is a significant
contributes significantly to the deaths of step towards promoting a greener attitude
126
 News Excerpts
among citizens, according to the Lahore
commissioner.
• A climate-oriented fiscal strategy has been
finalized for the International Monetary
Fund (IMF). The plan will focus on
leveraging private sector engagement,
international climate finance, and carbon
markets. Policy-level discussions are
expected to commence today.
• Israeli strikes on Gaza hospitals have
suspended prisoner swap talks. Erdogan is
seeking to exert pressure on the US to halt
the attacks. A strike on a UN compound has
resulted in a significant number of
casualties.
e
in
• More border crossings are set to open for
az
repatriation as the existing border crossing
ag
in Chaman has become overwhelmed due
m
er
to the influx of illegal immigrants,
on
according to officials.
k
ec
• Israel and Finland have signed a $340m air
er
defense system deal. Analysts anticipate
th
that the ongoing war in Ukraine will
further drive European demand for Israeli
arms.
• Tough negotiations are expected as
nations deliberate on steps to contain
plastic pollution. The European Union (EU),
Japan, Canada, and Kenya have called for a
robust treaty with binding provisions to
reduce production.
• Efforts are underway to ensure the risk-
free repatriation of Afghan children. This
includes orphans, the handicapped, and
those belonging to the most impoverished
families.
• The recent campaign in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KP) has revealed that over
93,000 children remain unvaccinated.
Hesitation among parents to immunize
their children has been identified as a
om
major obstacle to polio eradication efforts.
l.c
• A memorandum of understanding (MoU)
ai
has been signed to promote Chinese
gm
culture in KP. An official stated that China
@
Window is playing a positive and
constructive role in the promotion of
Chinese culture in Peshawar.
• PM Kakar has returned from Riyadh
following the OIC-AL summit. During his
three-day visit, he addressed the summit
and held meetings with leaders from Arab
League and OIC states.
• In an unfortunate turn of events, Israel
launched a military campaign in the Gaza
Strip on October 7th, resulting in the loss
of over 11,000 Palestinian lives, according
to reports. Displaced Gazans now endure a
life of dust, fear, and hunger. Those fleeing
Gaza City are joined by others heading
south towards Rafah, the last city before
Egypt.
127
 News Excerpts
• The Gaza unrest has caused significant
damage to infrastructure and the
economy. Israeli attacks have destroyed
45% of housing units, and almost two-
thirds of health centers are now out of
service.
• The United States has made it clear that it
will not accept Israeli reoccupation of
Gaza. The US national security advisor
stated that Gaza can never be used as a
base for terrorism in the future, and the
territory should not be reduced.
• In a recent UK auction, a Titanic menu sold
for £84,000. The menu, which was served
on April 11, 1912, features a red White
e
in
Star Line burgee, although the original gilt
az
lettering is no longer visible.
ag
• Rebels in Myanmar have claimed
m
er
responsibility for shooting down a military
on
jet. The military spokesperson, however,
k
ec
insists that the jet came down due to
er
engine failure during a training flight.
th
• Despite a ban on firecrackers, smoky skies
engulfed Delhi during Diwali as revelers
defied the restrictions. The Air Quality
Index across all 40 monitoring stations in
the capital averaged 219 on a scale of 500.
14 November 2023
• Denmark is currently debating a bill to ban
the desecration of the Holy Quran. Police
records indicate that between July 21 and
October 24 of this year, 483 instances of
book burnings or flag burnings were
reported in Denmark.
• The stock market has reached a new peak,
surpassing the 56,500 level.
• The deputy PM of Uzbekistan has arrived
in Pakistan for crucial trade talks. He will
lead a delegation of Uzbek business
leaders for meetings with their Pakistani
om
counterparts, aiming to explore new
l.c
investment opportunities.
ai
• Standard Chartered Bank and the
gm
International Finance Corporation have
@
signed a pact. Under the $200 million
rupee-equivalent program, the IFC will
cover 50% of the commercial bank's risk.
• The IMF has directly contacted key
partners regarding fund pledges to
Pakistan. There are no major obstacles
expected for the completion of the first
review under the $3 billion SBA, and a
$710 million tranche is likely to be
disbursed in December.
• Greta Thunberg has faced criticism in
Germany over her pro-Palestinian stance.
• During a climate protest, chants echoed
through the crowd, demanding "no climate
justice on occupied land" after an
interrupter was removed from the stage.
128
 News Excerpts
• Pakistan has initiated the process for lung
transplant. Dr. Mohammad Asghar Nawaz,
the country's sole lung transplant surgeon,
is optimistic about gaining approval soon.
• The UN observed a minute's silence for the
101 staffers who lost their lives in Gaza.
• Staff at UN offices in Geneva paid their
respects as a candle was lit in memory of
the deceased UNRWA employees.
Financial Center, based on "real offers"
from friendly countries.
• Lahore is grappling with a soaring air
pollution crisis. The Air Quality Index in
different areas of the provincial capital
ranges from 231 to 401.
• Plans are underway to establish an
archaeological park in Chaukhandi
graveyard. Archaeologist Kaleem Lashari
states that UNESCO is not declaring the

om
15 November 2023 cemetery as "international heritage" due

l.c
• Seven terrorists were killed in an to illegal burials by area residents.

ai
intelligence-based operation in the Tank • The 12th microfinance bank has been

gm
district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, according granted permission to begin operations.
@
to ISPR. ASA Microfinance Bank (Pakistan) Ltd is a
e
in

• Senators are protesting against a wholly-owned subsidiary of ASA

az

resolution opposing the Supreme Court's International Group.

ag

ruling on military trials. • A landmark trilateral meeting in Islamabad

m
er

• The Israeli army claims to have seized the has resolved to enhance regional
on

parliament in Gaza. The health ministry in connectivity. Pakistani and Afghan

k
ec

Gaza has reported a death toll of 11,240 commerce ministers met with the Uzbek
er

people, mostly civilians, due to Israel's Deputy Prime Minister, and Prime
th

relentless assault. Minister Kakar emphasized the

• Talks with Saudi Arabia regarding stake in importance of an easy visa policy.

Reko Diq will commence soon. The

16 November 2023
evaluation of the mining project's share
price has been completed, according to the • The Supreme Court considers the violence

Chairman of the Privatization Commission. on May 9 as a consequence of the non-

He insists that $70 billion is expected implementation of the Faizabad verdict.

under the Specialized International

129
 News Excerpts
• Bilawal urges the nation to "give someone
new a chance" in the upcoming general
elections.
• He believes that the time has come for
older politicians to "rest".
• Despite the "dictator" comment, Biden and
Xi have restored military ties. Biden
describes his talks with Xi as "some of the
most constructive and productive
discussions we've had".
expected to generate over Rs40 billion.
The cabinet has also approved changes to
the Haj policy.
• Success in IMF review poised to unlock
$700m as staff-level agreement signed.
Pakistan has met the majority of targets,
with the IMF urging the government to
return to a floating exchange rate.
• Babar Azam steps down as part of the post-
World Cup overhaul. Shan Masood is set to

om
• Four militants, including a "high-value take over as Test captain, while Shaheen

l.c
terrorist," were killed in an operation in has been entrusted with leading the T20

ai
Peshawar, according to ISPR. A soldier was matches.

gm
martyred in another operation in Dera • Xi states that the planet is "big enough" for
@
Ismail Khan. both the US and China to succeed. Biden
e
in

• The Pakistan Stock Exchange and the emphasizes the need to prevent
az

rupee surged following a successful IMF competition from escalating into conflict.
ag

review. Stocks surged by 700 points and • FAO predicts a decline in Pakistan's wheat
m
er

the PKR increased by 0.26% after the import needs. By 2023-24, the import
on

government unlocked $700 million in the requirements for wheat are expected to
k
ec

second tranche of the Stand-by reach 1.8 million tons but are projected to
er

Agreement. decrease significantly.

th

• A controversy surrounding the "pitch • WMO reports record greenhouse

switch" ahead of the India-New Zealand
semi-final has sparked concerns. The ICC
insists that there was nothing untoward
with the change in pitch at Mumbai's
Wankhede Stadium.
• The government has approved a 40% tax
on banks' windfall income. The tax will be
imposed under the Finance Act and is
emissions in 2022. EU emissions have
decreased by 5% in the second quarter of
2023.
• First-of-its-kind study highlights
conservation needs in Tharparkar. Over
1,300 animal and 149 plant species have
been identified, with four being classified
as "critically endangered."
130
 News Excerpts
• Environment activists call for some excitement as reports suggest that
government's role in enforcing anti-smog the ongoing review of IMF SBA will be
action plan. Educational institutions and completed within this week.
offices in Punjab are set to close on • Big industry output grows for the second
Saturday. consecutive month. In September, 14 out
• No undocumented migrants found in 19 of 22 sectors show positive growth.
KP districts anymore. Officials claim that • Rupee continues to lose value against the
the numbers of migrants without dollar. Currency market players anticipate
documentation were obtained from a the dollar's dominance over the rupee to
recent survey. persist in the coming days.

om
• WHO establishes an 11-member • Panel clears SOE policy for cabinet

l.c
commission to combat loneliness. Rights approval. Under the draft SOE policy, the

ai
activist Hina Jillani has been nominated as government will refrain from establishing

gm
a member of the "Commission on Social @new SOEs unless necessary for strategic
Connection." reasons.
e
in

• Ahsan Ramzan loses the World 6-Red • Lebanese hospitals on the verge of
az

Snooker final. Michael Georgiou of Cyprus collapse. An escalating situation on the

ag

edges past Ahsan 6-4 to secure the gold border with Israel propels the healthcare
m
er

medal. sector into a new crisis following the

on

• Pakistan faces Saudi Arabia test in FIFA country's economic collapse in 2019.
k
ec

World Cup qualifying. Pakistan, having • US public support for Israel declines;
er

surpassed Cambodia in the first round of majority backs ceasefire in Gaza. 68% of
th

2026 World Cup qualifying, is the lowest-
ranked team remaining in contention.
• 'Empowered' body formed to investigate
Faizabad sit-in. AGP states that a three-
man panel consisting of former police
officers is likely to conclude the probe
within 60 days.
• Stocks remain steady after MSCI index
review. The stock market experiences
Americans call for a truce, while 43%
oppose sending weapons to Israel.
• Qatar seeks a deal for prisoners' release
and a three-day truce. Negotiators are also
seeking the release of Palestinians in
Israeli jails and an increase in Gaza aid.
Hamas agrees, but Israel has not yet given
the green light.
131
 News Excerpts
• Over 200,000 people displaced by fighting • The Punjab government is considering the
in Myanmar. The junta reports intensifying possibility of implementing 'artificial rain'
clashes near the China border. as a fresh attempt to combat smog in
• Bangladesh schedules election for Jan 7 Lahore. The environment minister has
amid violent protests. formed a working group to make
• France issues arrest warrant for Syrian arrangements for artificial rain by
president. Bashar al-Assad is accused of November 29 in Lahore.
complicity in crimes against humanity and • The first Anti-Rape Crisis Cell has been
war crimes related to chemical attacks in established in Multan. This initiative is part
2013. of the US-funded Tahaffuz program, aimed

om
• Issues are expected to settle down once a at addressing sexual violence and

l.c
"legitimate government" comes to power empowering survivors to seek justice.

ai
in Kabul, says PM Kakar, who accuses India • Lahore once again tops the global pollution

gm
of "flirting with the West" in a bizarre ranking with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of
@
attempt to contain China. 470. The city continues to suffer from a
e
in

smog crisis that has severely impacted the

az

17 November 2023
health and livelihoods of millions of people.
ag

• The use of force by any militia or group • Pakistan showed great determination but
m
er

other than the state is unacceptable. There ultimately lost 4-0 to Saudi Arabia in the
on

is no place for intolerance and extreme FIFA World Cup qualifier.

k

behavior by any entity against anyone:

ec

• Several UN bodies have rejected the plan

er

COAS. for 'safe zones', stating that no 'safe zone'

th

• The police have registered a case against a can truly be safe when it is declared
teenage boy whose car hit another vehicle, unilaterally or enforced by the presence of
resulting in the tragic death of six members armed forces, as stated by nearly a dozen
of a family two days ago. The Lahore High UN heads.
Court has ordered a crackdown on drivers • The opposition leader calls for
without licenses. Currently, there are 7.3 Netanyahu's resignation. Centrists believe
million cars, but only 1.3 million motorists that a large majority of the 120 lawmakers
hold licenses, as informed by the Lahore in the parliament would support such a
Chief Traffic Officer (CTO) to the court. coalition.
132
 News Excerpts
• Archaeologists have made a • More evacuations have been ordered from
groundbreaking discovery at Mohenjo towns near Khan Yunis, while President
Daro, unearthing a pot filled with copper Biden warns Tel Aviv against "occupying
coins. This marks the first major discovery Gaza".
at the site in 93 years. • Pakistan Refinery Ltd is making significant
• The government has unveiled the Haj progress towards producing Euro-5 fuels.
Policy 2024, reducing the cost by They have signed the first pact under the
Rs100,000. Additionally, a 20-day short Brownfield Policy with the Oil and Gas
package has been introduced with an Regulatory Authority (OGRA).
additional cost of Rs80,000, and each • Customs will be separated from tax

om
pilgrim will be provided with a 30kg collection. The finance minister clarifies

l.c
suitcase. that the role of customs will be limited to

ai
• Forex reserves have declined by $115 "tracking" smuggling activities.

gm
million to $7.396 billion during the week • Finance Minister, states that there is no
@
ending on November 10. way out of IMF loans in the near future.
e
in

• President Xi has expressed China's The government cites high interest rates as
az

readiness to be a partner and friend to US the reason for postponing the issuance of a
ag

firms. Executives from major US $1.5 billion international bond. The

m
er

corporations, such as Tim Cook from Apple minister hints at a new IMF program after
on

and Albert Bourla from Pfizer, were the elections.

k
ec

present at the dinner tables. • The stock market rallies to a historic high
er

• Industry leaders argue that IMF conditions above the 57,000 level.
th

are suppressing growth. The Federation of
Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and
Industry (FPCCI) reiterates the need for a
tangible, pragmatic, and business-friendly
plan to free Pakistan from the clutches of
the IMF.
• Gaza is experiencing a communications
blackout as Israel 'captures' the port.
• Sugar millers are seeking to export 0.5
million tons of surplus sugar. As of October
31, there are still 1.13 million tons of sugar
available at the mills, which will last for
more than two months.
• Israel resumes its action at Shifa hospital
despite the lack of proof. Tel Aviv claims to
have found weapons and other gadgets,
while Hamas calls the evidence "planted."
133
 News Excerpts
A BBC crew is embedded with the Israeli 18 November 2023
Defense Forces (IDF) to cover the events.
• SpaceX Starship launch presumed failed
• US President Biden nominates Adeel
minutes after reaching space. The rocket's
Mangi as the first Muslim judge for the
first stage booster explodes over the Gulf
circuit court. Adeel A. Mangi, who comes
of Mexico shortly after detaching.
from a prominent Sindhi family, is among
• A claim of a "hideout" at Gaza's Al-Shifa
five nominees for federal judgeships
hospital falters as 24 people are found
announced by the White House.
dead. The Israeli military conducted
• Biden and Xi agreed at their summit to
searches of the hospital complex but found
restore military communications between
nothing. Gaza City's last functioning

om
the two countries.
hospital also closes surgery.

l.c
• The Foreign Office (FO) rejects criticism of
• The UN is debating reforms to end the

ai
immigrants' expulsion and refutes reports

gm
Security Council's "paralysis" during Gaza
of arms sales to Ukraine. The FO also @
crises. Munir Akram criticizes the lack of
strongly condemns Israel's "war on
e
consensus among permanent members
in

hospitals."
az

over the invasion of Gaza.

• Despite protests, a new visa policy is
ag

• CJP Isa reconstitutes a committee to

implemented at the Chaman border. The
m

improve the efficiency of the judiciary.

er

minister announces the establishment of

• MQM-P believes the 18th Amendment
on

more centers to issue passports.

must define the authority of the mayor and
k
ec

• The Special Economic Zones (SEZ)

local government institutions. Anis
er

Investment Facilitation Committee (SIFC)

Kaimkhani states, "It is only the mayor who
th

reviews progress towards creating a better

doesn't know his powers or authority."
investment climate. The Prime Minister
• The mayor claims that federal and
directs all stakeholders to vigorously
provincial bodies owe KWSC over Rs50bn.
pursue SIFC initiatives through a
Mayor Karachi Murtaza Wahab believes
collaborative approach to reap the
that the cash-strapped water utility's
benefits.
performance cannot be improved without
addressing this issue.

134
 News Excerpts
• EU will stop sending waste to poor
countries. Compliance with international
workers' rights will also be taken into
account.
• India claims to have killed 8 Kashmiri
fighters. Indian authorities report that 114
people have been killed this year, including
11 civilians and 23 soldiers.
• The new leader of the Maldives vows to
expel Indian troops. President Mohamed
Muizzu declares, "The country will not
have any foreign military personnel in the
Maldives."
• Wahab Riaz is appointed as Pakistan's
chief selector. The PCB states, "His first
e
in
assignment will be the selection of the
az
national men's squad for the three-match
ag
Test series against Australia."
m
er
• Customs confiscates goods worth Rs19bn.
on
The major items confiscated in the
k
ec
smuggling operations encompass a wide
er
range of goods.
th
• A five-year plan is launched to boost
banking. SBP Vision 2028 highlights the
central bank's vision, mission, and key
goals for the next five years.
• Inflows stay dismal due to poor credit
rating. The Economic Affairs Division
reports that the country received just
$3.847bn in July-October FY24, falling
short of the annual target of $17.6bn.
• ADB approves $250m for power networks.
The loans are aimed at improving the
country's power transmission network in
Punjab and KP to ensure a reliable
electricity supply.
• Stocks falter after a six-session winning
streak. The KSE-100 index closes at
57,063.16 points after losing 333.87
points from the preceding session.
• Former speaker and minister Gohar Ayub
om
passes away. The president, caretaker PM,
l.c
and political leaders express condolences
ai
and pay tribute.
gm
• Palestinians are barred from Al-Aqsa and
@
pray on the street. Ten people are killed in
West Bank fighting. Blinken warns Tel Aviv
to stop settler violence. Gazans face cold,
starvation, and disease as supplies dry up.
The WFP and WHO issue dire warnings as
three days pass without fresh aid
deliveries.
• Gas price hike fuels short-term inflation to
42%. The annual change in SPI crosses 40%
for the first time since early June. Gas
charges skyrocket 1,100% year on year.
• Vexed lawmakers accost Chairman
Sanjrani over a controversial resolution,
leading to the adjournment of Senate
proceedings within minutes.
135
 News Excerpts
19 November 2023 • Health officials in KP have issued warnings
about the diphtheria outbreak reaching
• The Punjab government makes wearing
epidemic proportions. The health
face masks mandatory in smog-hit
department emphasizes the importance of
districts. CM Naqvi announces the order to
vaccinating children against this
be implemented for a week in response to
contagious infection.
deteriorating air quality in Punjab.
• Officials have identified illegal migrants
• Toronto police arrest a man over hate-
who are unwilling to return. While 19 out
motivated incidents targeting Muslims in
of 36 districts in KP have no
three attacks. The latest attack took place
undocumented foreigners, there are still
outside a mosque in Toronto where the

om
18,665 "illegal aliens" residing in the
suspect became confrontational towards

l.c
remaining districts.
worshippers.

ai
• The World Bank's proposal to increase

gm
• Head breaks India's hearts as Australia
taxes on cigarettes has been positively
@
wins their 6th World Cup title. India's
received. Currently, cigarettes in Pakistan
e
chances of ending a global trophy drought
in

are subject to a dual-rate taxation system,

az

since their 2013 Champions Trophy win

as explained by the Sparc program
ag

went up in smoke once Head got going with

manager.
m

Labuschagne.
er

• A test for BPS-17 posts has been canceled

• The ongoing debate regarding the forced
on

due to cheating. The KPPSC will conduct a

return of Afghan refugees is significantly
k
ec

fresh test next month for assistant

impacting Pakistan's relationship with
er

engineer and SDO posts.

Kabul. It is anticipated that many of those
th

• Today, approximately 41,000 students

currently returning to Pakistan may
across Sindh will be taking the MDCAT.
eventually come back due to the lack of
Public and private sector medical
economic incentives to settle in
institutions have a total of 4,790 seats
Afghanistan.
available for MBBS and dental studies.
• Despite the implementation of a smart
• The families of missing persons in Quetta
lockdown in Punjab, the air quality remains
are holding a protest. The protesters reject
unhealthy. Lahore, with an Air Quality
the committee on missing persons, which is
Index (AQI) of 214, falls under the category
headed by interim minister Sarfraz Bugti.
of unhealthy air quality.
136
 News Excerpts
• Turkey has expressed its commitment to
rebuilding Gaza if the fighting ceases.
Turkish President Erdogan states that they
will do whatever is necessary
compensate for the destruction caused by
Israel.
• The release of prisoners is crucial for the
continuation of peace talks, as the US
warns of a "significant pause" if they are
not released. So far, Qatar's efforts have
led to the release of four prisoners.
• Russia has designated the Moscow Times
as a "foreign agent". The publication claims
that this legislation has disproportionately
targeted independent journalists, activists,
and NGOs in recent years.
az
• A judge has allowed Donald Trump to
ag
remain on the Colorado primary ballot. As
m
er
the political season unfolds, Trump has yet
on
to be removed from any ballot.
k
ec
• Azerbaijan and Armenia have agreed on
er
the principles of a peace treaty. The two
th
countries have been in conflict for decades,
particularly over the breakaway
Azerbaijani region of Nagorno-Karabakh.
• Stocks have reached a new peak during a
bullish week. However, the State Bank of
Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves have
decreased by $115 million to $7.4 billion.
• The dual exchange rate issue
resurfaced in the banking market. Insiders
claim that banks are selling dollars at a
premium, which is impacting small
importers. This discrepancy exists despite
to there being no restrictions on imports.
• Surging food exports are negatively
affecting domestic buyers. The surge can
be attributed to the unprecedented
depreciation of the rupee.
• A sugar crisis is brewing due to differing
cane rates. Sindh has announced a rate of
om
Rs425 per maund, while Punjab has fixed it
l.c
at Rs400 for the same quantity.
ai
• Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are
gm
concerned about the delays in license
@
renewals. The Wireless Internet Service
e
in
Providers Association of Pakistan
expresses its concerns regarding the
refusal by the Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority (PTA) to
renew licenses.
• The thaw in US-China relations is crucial to
ending the geo-economic division, as
stated by the IMF chief. The recent
meeting between President Biden and
President Xi sends a signal to the rest of the
world that cooperation must be sought.
• APEC leaders pledge to reform the World
Trade Organization (WTO) to improve its
functions. They reaffirm their commitment
has to the necessary reforms.
137
 News Excerpts
• Dr. Ishrat Husain argues in his latest book
that the economic fortunes of "Partition's
children" have diverged. Pakistan has lost
momentum in the last decade of the 20th
century, while India and Bangladesh have
surged ahead.
• Four militants have been killed in North
Waziristan, with the recovery of weapons,
ammunition, and explosives confirmed by
the ISPR.
• APEC members are divided on their stance
regarding the conflicts in Gaza and
Ukraine. While the US states that most
APEC members "strongly condemn
aggression against Ukraine," Brunei,
Indonesia, and Malaysia call for an
az
immediate end to the Gaza crisis.
ag
• Blue-chip firms have dropped Elon Musk's
m
er
X following a rebuke from the White
on
House. In an attempt to cover up his anti-
k
ec
Semitic opinions, the owner of X terms pro-
er
Palestine slogans as "euphemisms for
th
genocide."
• Envoys discuss concerns about
upcoming elections in meetings with
political leaders. US Ambassador Blome
meets with Nawaz and Tareen in Lahore,
while UK's Marriott meets with Zardari in
Karachi to gauge the PPP's worries.
• Israeli airstrikes continue to bring death
and destruction to Gaza and the West
Bank. In the Jabalia camp, 32 members of a
family were among the 80 casualties. In a
rare incident, five people were killed and
two injured in a drone attack in Nablus.
20 November 2023
• IDF helicopter fired at Israeli civilians
fleeing a music festival during Hamas'
attack on October 7th. The report states
that civilians were hit, but does not provide
om
further details. Hamas did not have prior
l.c
information about the Nova festival, and
ai
the attack was deemed "spontaneous."
gm
• Germany
@ strongly condemns the
appearance of a Taliban official at a
e
in
mosque in Cologne. The interior minister
states that this appearance is completely
unacceptable and must be denounced.
• The ICC has announced the World Cup
team of the tournament, which includes 6
Indian players.
•
The team, led by Rohit Sharma, does not
include any players from Pakistan.
the • Outsider Javier Milei emerges victorious in
the Argentina presidential election.
Provisional results indicate that Milei won
with 55.7% of the vote, while his rival,
Economy Minister Sergio Massa, scored
44%.
• The Lahore High Court calls for the closure
of educational institutions every Saturday
138
 News Excerpts
until the end of January due to smog meeting to review the progress of the work
choking Punjab. The court suggests that assigned for divestment.
the government should take measures to • France test-fires a ballistic missile to
declare two days a week as "work from enhance nuclear deterrence. The missile is
home" in the private sector. launched from the French army's
• Ordinary Pakistanis fear further hardships BISCAROSSE missile testing site in
after the successful IMF review. While the southwest France and lands in the North
economy shows sign of improvement, the Atlantic.
IMF obligates the government to • 216. Khamenei urges Muslim states to
implement policies that may lead to temporarily sever ties with Israel. The

om
inflation and joblessness. Jordanian king describes Israeli aggression

l.c
• Addressing the facilitators of militancy in as an "ugly war against civilians," while a US

ai
Pakistan is crucial, in addition to kinetic official urges Tel Aviv to protect civilians.

gm
operations. • Severe fuel shortage severely impacts the
@
• The IMF urges the government to revive core functions of the police in Punjab. The
e
in

five-year development planning. Pakistan Dolphin and PRU wings limit their
az

is asked to develop a comprehensive response to 15 helpline calls.

ag

strategy by December 2024 to identify • Despite intense fighting in Gaza, a prisoner

m
er

major projects across all sectors and deal is inching closer. The Qatari Prime
on

funding sources. Minister states that there are "minor"

k
ec

• OPEC and IEA differ on the future of oil challenges to the agreement to free some
er

demand. Saudi Arabia is convinced that prisoners. Additionally, 31 premature

th

global crude demand will increase. babies have been evacuated from Al Shifa
• Peshawar outperforms Karachi Whites to Hospital.
claim the Pakistan Cup. Peshawar
21 November 2023
successfully chases down the target in less
than 18 overs, with Mohammad Haris • BRICS urges immediate humanitarian

smashing 46 off 33 balls. truce in Gaza; South Africa condemns

• The CEO of PIA accelerates the Israeli 'war crimes and genocide'. Hamas

divestment process. The CEO chairs a leader optimistic about truce with Israel,

139
 News Excerpts
while Qatar says hostage negotiations are
close to a deal.
• Punjab government challenges Supreme
Court verdict on military trials for civilians.
Plea argues that the May 9 events were an
intentional attempt to undermine the
country's armed forces and internal
security.
• India's anti-terror agency files case against
Sikh separatist for Air India threat.
Gurpatwant Singh Pannun has also
previously threatened to disrupt railways
and thermal power plants in India,
according to the agency.
• Islamabad High Court declares Imran's jail
e
in
trial proceedings in cipher case null and
az
void. The court deems PTI chief's intra-
ag
court appeal maintainable.
m
er
• Lahore ATC indicts Yasmin Rashid, Ejaz
on
Chaudhry, Rubina Jamil for vandalizing
k
ec
police vehicles during the May 9 riots.
er
• Umar Gul and Saeed Ajmal appointed as
th
men's bowling coaches as PCB continues
its overhaul.
• Chief Justice Isa rules that the addition of
the word 'sahib' with public servants' job
titles should be discontinued, as it
unnecessarily elevates their status.
• PSX records modest gains, up nearly 300
points. Analysts anticipate the IMF board's
approval for the second loan tranche,
creating high expectations in the market.
• Musk's X sues media nonprofit over
portrayal of site as anti-Semitic. The
lawsuit accuses Media Matters of tricking
its algorithm by following accounts known
for extreme and fringe content.
• Despite anti-smog measures, Lahore's air
quality index continues to be hazardous.
The city commissioner emphasizes that
om
removing encroachments would facilitate
l.c
better traffic flow.
ai
• Houthis seize Israel-linked ship in the Red
gm
Sea. Japan claims direct approach by the
@
Yemeni group, while Iran denies
involvement.
• Caretaker government official calls for
revisiting the NFC formula. The prime
minister's adviser argues that the current
formula has held Pakistan back, while the
NA speaker warns against taking any steps
without consulting stakeholders.
• US aid to Israel debated as Biden's support
base declines. According to an NBC News
poll, his approval ratings hit the lowest
point of his presidency at 40%.
• Muslim ministers meet Chinese FM, urge
immediate ceasefire. Delegates to meet
officials of five permanent UNSC states;
Putin and Xi to attend BRICS video summit
today.
140
 News Excerpts
• Hundreds of OpenAI staff threaten exodus
in support of former CEO. The top AI firm
appoints a new boss as Sam Altman joins
Microsoft.
• 'Halal' products banned in India's Uttar
Pradesh. The state is ruled by firebrand
Hindu monk Yogi Adityanath, who belongs
to Modi's BJP.
• Current account gap narrows to $74m.
Remittances increase to $2.5bn
• Intra-court appeal against SC order on trial
by military courts. The defence ministry
asks the top court to suspend its order until
a decision on the ICA, claiming the
Supreme Court has exceeded its
jurisdiction.
• Record-breaker Djokovic claims seventh
ATP Finals crown. The 36-year-old will
spend his 400th week as world number
in one, crowning an incredible season.

om
October, but four-month inflows decline • Delay in passport issuance blamed on

l.c
by 13.3%. shortage of lamination papers. Applicants

ai
• Foreign investment dips 12% in October. approach the federal ombudsman for

gm
Analysts and researchers believe intervention to resolve the issue.
@
improvement could be seen after the • The government has been urged to
e
in

general elections. repatriate 400 Pakistanis who were

az

• KSE-100 index closes at 57,077.96 points arrested in Libya. Among them are 60
ag

after gaining 14.80 points. individuals from the Bajaur tribal district,
m
er

• Pakistan Petroleum Ltd makes second gas and they have been detained for the past
on

and oil discovery in Sujawal. This marks the four months.

k
ec

second discovery in the Shah Bandar Block. • Mobile phone service will be temporarily
er

• IMF board to approve staff-level suspended at KP MDCAT centers on the

th

agreement on December 7. Pakistan is 26th. A plan has been finalized to re-

expected to receive a $700m tranche the
following day.
• Jazz invests over Rs20bn in CY23.
Revenue declines by 3.5% in dollar terms
during the third quarter of 2023.
• Pakistan floats LNG tender to meet winter
demand. Bids due by November 24;
targeted delivery on January 8-9.
conduct the entrance test for medical and
dental colleges, with an estimated 46,220
candidates expected to participate.
• The provincial government has raised
concerns over the incomplete "financial
integration" of former Fata with KP. It has
expressed its intention to address the
141
 News Excerpts
financial issues of the province with the
Prime Minister.
• A Palestine Solidarity Committee has been
formed by the civil society in Karachi,
demanding an immediate ceasefire in
Gaza. People are encouraged to join a rally
scheduled to be held on November 29th in
the city.
• The last major hospital in Gaza has been hit
by Israeli attacks, resulting in the deaths of
a dozen individuals. The death toll has now
risen above 13,000, and a Jordanian field
hospital has entered the besieged enclave.
• The fuel cost adjustment of an additional
Rs3.5 per unit is expected to further inflate
e
in
bills. The Central Power Purchasing
az
Agency is seeking a significant increase to
ag
raise an additional Rs33 billion from
m
er
consumers in December.
on
22 November 2023
k
ec
•
er
The US has thwarted a plot to kill a Sikh
th
separatist and issued a warning to India.
Federal prosecutors in the US have filed a
sealed indictment against at least one
suspect in a New York district court.
• India has resumed its suspended tourism
and business e-visas for Canadians. This
development comes one month after New
Delhi resumed visas under four out of
thirteen categories that were previously
suspended in September.
• The cabinet committee has recommended
placing the names of Imran Khan and
others on the Exit Control List (ECL) in the
Al-Qadir Trust case.
• PSX maintains a bullish streak and crosses
the 58,000 milestone. Analysts attribute
this rally to various factors, including the
IMF agreement and trading spurred by the
om
recovery of the rupee.
l.c
• IHC has summoned PM Kakar for
ai
November 29 if the 'missing' Baloch
gm
students are not recovered by the next
@
hearing. The SJC is also considering
charges against SC's Justice Mazahar
Naqvi to initiate a formal probe.
• Israel and Hamas have agreed on a 4-day
truce in exchange for the release of
hostages and Palestinian prisoners. The
truce is expected to start at 10 am (08:00
GMT) on Thursday, but there seems to be
no let-up in the fighting.
• Egypt claims that Israel is bombing Gaza's
south to force an exodus. The country has
drafted a new resolution to be submitted
to the UNSC for the entry of humanitarian
aid into Gaza.
• In the midst of the crisis, the WHO plans to
evacuate patients from three hospitals,
142
 News Excerpts
while the UN warns of sanitary conditions
in Gaza that could lead to a tragedy.
• US and UN officials are discussing the
features of a post-crisis Gaza. President
Biden emphasizes that there should be no
forcible displacement of Palestinians, no
reoccupation, no siege or blockade, and no
reduction in territory. Unfortunately, an
Israeli strike in Lebanon has resulted in the
deaths of two journalists and two others.
• According to CPJ, 53 journalists and media
workers have been killed since October 7.
• North Korea's launch of a "spy satellite"
has caused panic in Japan, although it is
unclear whether the launch was successful
in
or not, according to South Korean officials.
az
• In Indonesia, hundreds of Rohingya have
ag
been given temporary stay after being
m
er
turned back twice last week by locals.
on
• The ICC reports that a record 1.25 million
k
ec
fans attended World Cup games, deeming
er
the ODI tournament a great success.
th
• Stocks rally 294 points on economic
triggers, with power, banking, fertilizer,
and cement sectors contributing to the
KSE-100 index's positive close.
• Exchange firms have sold $150 million to
banks, marking the highest inflows for the
current fiscal year (FY24) in October.
• The Karachi industry warns of zero-export
days and urges the government to bring
down gas tariffs to Rs1,350 per MMBTU.
• The government rejects millers' demand to
allow sugar exports, with the commerce
minister stating that not even a single ton
of sugar will be permitted to be exported
from the country.
• The US has extended an exemption related
to fish exports, exempting Pakistan from
om
adhering to standards outlined in the
l.c
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 2016.
ai
• The Balochistan government has approved
gm
@digital Zakat payments, aiming to enhance
transparency by implementing digital
e
payment for fixed aid amounts to Zakat
beneficiaries.
• The UNHCR raises alarm over the exit
order for Afghans. Since Pakistan
announced the repatriation plan on
October 3, an estimated 374,000 people
have returned to Afghanistan.
• PM emphasizes that there can be no peace
without a settlement of the Kashmir issue.
Pakistan, as a peace-loving nation, wishes
to maintain friendly relations with all
countries, according to the PM.
• Enforced disappearances and curbs on
media take center stage in the GSP+
review. The fourth GSP Report highlights
143
 News Excerpts
the ongoing issue of impunity in cases of
enforced disappearance in Pakistan.
• President Alvi's suggestion for Palestine is
not aligned with our stance, according to
the Foreign Minister. The President had
initially proposed a one-state solution to
the Gaza crisis in a press statement, but
later retracted it.
• Chaman comes to a standstill amidst
protests as traders block the highway,
demanding the withdrawal of a strict visa
regime. Trade at the Torkham border was
also briefly suspended.
23 November 2023
e
in
• Military top brass resolves to support the
az
interim government in economic recovery
ag
and curbing illegal activities. COAS Gen
m
er
Syed Asim Munir presides over the 82nd
on
Formation Commanders Conference at
k
GHQ, Rawalpindi.
ec
•
er
Punjab announces the closure of schools
th
and colleges on Friday and Saturday in
smog-hit areas, including Gujranwala,
Faisalabad, Multan, Sahiwal, and Sargodha
divisions.
• The Election Commission of Pakistan
orders PTI to hold intra-party polls within
20 days or risk losing the bat as their
electoral symbol. PTI's Barrister Gohar Ali
Khan expresses extreme dissatisfaction
with the verdict and plans to challenge it
before relevant forums.
• In an operation in Balochistan's Kech area,
four terrorists are killed and a huge cache
of weapons is recovered by the CTD.
• Qatar announces a four-day truce in Gaza
and the release of hostages starting on
Friday. The Qatar foreign ministry
spokesperson states that "the skies will be
clear" of drones for a period of time to
om
ensure a safe environment for the hostage
l.c
release.
ai
• The Pakistan Stock Exchange continues its
gm
bullish run, gaining 700 points. An analyst
@
attributes the rally to the resumption of
foreign buying and suggests that the bull
run in Pakistan equities could turn into a
multi-year rally.
• The special court has four weeks to
conclude Imran's cipher trial.
• The Supreme Judicial Council issues a
show-cause notice to Justice Naqvi. The SC
judge dismisses the complaints as frivolous
and politically motivated, and requests
their dismissal.
• Two soldiers are among the eight lives lost
in attacks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Security personnel were targeted in a
series of blasts in North Waziristan, South
Waziristan, and Bajaur.
144
 News Excerpts
• Bilawal urges veteran politicians to step
aside and let the youth take up the
country's reins. He claims that the PDM-
led government has "failed" as some of his
party's allies sought revenge from political
rivals.
• Senator Mushahid highlights that modern
technologies are reshaping conflicts,
stating that the weaponization of AI has
transitioned from theory to reality.
hostilities, while major NGOs request
more time to deliver aid.
• Frantic efforts behind closed doors lead to
a truce deal. Qatar assigns a "secret cell" to
handle negotiations carefully, as stated by
a US official. Prisoners are expected to be
transported through Egypt.
• Britain emerges as the winner of the litter-
picking "world cup" in Tokyo, known as the
Spogomi World Cup. 21 countries

om
• The police intensify crackdowns on competed to collect the most rubbish

l.c
underage drivers in Lahore. The Chief within a set time limit.

ai
Traffic Officer emphasizes that parents • A spectacular rally propels the Pakistan

gm
should take measures to prevent their Stock Exchange above the 58,000 level.
@
underage children from driving vehicles. The anticipated inflow of dollars from the
e
in

• A meeting reveals that 90% of buildings in IMF next month further supports the
az

Karachi lack firefighting systems, putting momentum.

ag

lives at risk. Experts insist that • Two councils are formed to boost exports,
m
er

implementing fire safety laws could save a key component of the overarching
on

thousands of lives. strategy aimed at achieving the ambitious

k
ec

• A dispute arises over whether the Pope export target of $100 billion.
er

referred to the Gaza situation as • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa transitions to a new

th

"genocide". Palestinians claim that the pension system, with approximately

Pope condemned Hamas' actions as
"terror".
• A list of Palestinian prisoners scheduled for
release includes 33 women and 123
teenage boys.
• The world welcomes the Israel-Hamas
truce as the "first good news". Arab
ministers call for an extended cessation of
33,000 civil servants expected to join the
new regime.
• A shortage of parts foreshadows a drop in
auto production. Interestingly, the average
monthly imports of completely knockdown
kits (CKD) during FY22 reached a record
high of around $142 million.
145
 News Excerpts
• Oil prices drop as OPEC+ postpones 24 November 2023
meeting on output cuts. An expert suggests
• China grapples with a surge in respiratory
that the delay indicates challenges within
illness cases, while the WHO finds no
the OPEC+ group to reach a production
unusual pathogen.
reduction agreement.
• An expert dismisses the possibility of a new
• Concerns arise regarding the Rs510 billion
variant of Covid, stating that there is no
transmission plan. Notes from a public
evidence to suggest so.
hearing reveal that even the revised
• Afghan embassy in India shuts down, citing
scheme by NTDC is unrealistic in
lack of support and Taliban pressure.
addressing system constraints that led to
• PSX achieves a new high, crossing the

om
nationwide blackouts.
59,000 milestone. Analysts attribute the

l.c
• Banks instructed to deposit windfall tax by
rally to the return of foreign institutional

ai
November 30. The one-time tax is

gm
buying and a successful IMF review.
expected to generate approximately Rs42 @
• The top court rules that the Rs35 billion in
billion in revenue.
e
Bahria Town's SC account will be
in

• Malik Riaz submits response as the

az

transferred to the national treasury.

Supreme Court resumes hearing of the
ag

• A CJP-led bench orders the remaining

Bahria Town case today. He requests the
m

funds to be sent to Sindh as payment for

er

court to safeguard his legal rights.

Malir land.
on

• Minister Jan Achakzai states that the

• In a polio drive in Khyber, 228,000 children
k
ec

government aims to repatriate one million

are set to be vaccinated. Officials highlight
er

'illegal aliens' by January 2024.

that three vaccination campaigns have
th

• Prime Minister to advocate for Pakistan's

been conducted in Khyber and Peshawar
case at COP28, highlighting the severe
over the past six weeks.
impact of climate-induced floods on one-
• The KP cabinet extends the stipend for
third of the country's population, says PM
tribal girl students until 2025.
Kakar.
• The IHC decides to digitize court processes
and records, according to the Chief Justice.
• The Punjab caretaker government
implements measures to tackle escalating

146
 News Excerpts
smog, including altered business hours and
closure of educational institutes on Fridays
and Saturdays in six divisions.
• Iran's top diplomat meets Hezbollah chief
in Lebanon.
• A surcharge of Rs1.52 per unit is imposed
on KE consumers for 12 months, starting
from December 1. This move aims to
extract an additional Rs24.5 billion from
Karachiites.
• The rupee ends its rally against the US
dollar, with the SBP reporting a steep
decline of $217 million in its forex
reserves.
• Auto financing witnesses a Rs104 billion
e
in
drop in the past 16 months. Except for
az
Suzuki, some Korean and Japanese
ag
assemblers had reduced prices due to
m
er
rupee appreciation.
on
• The government sets a target of $10 billion
k
ec
IT exports within 3 years. The interim IT
er
minister unveils the country's first IT and
th
ITeS Export Strategy.
• The Economic Coordination Committee
approves urea imports and a fresh hike in
gas tariff starting from January. However,
it rejects the proposed increase in prices of
262 medicines.
• The Foreign Office raises concerns about
New Delhi's 'covert global operations'.
• "We condemn and express concern about
India's reckless and irresponsible
conduct," says the FO spokesperson.
25 November 2023
• Former army officers Adil Raja and Haider
Mehdi have been sentenced to 14 and 12
years in jail, respectively, following a court
martial for "inciting sedition," according to
ISPR.
om
• 30 buses from China are expected to arrive
l.c
in January to serve 13 new routes in
ai
Islamabad.
gm
• The detailed verdict of the Ashiana case
@
states that NAB failed to prove graft
charges against Shehbaz Sharif. The
verdict concludes that there is no
probability of proving the charges against
the present accused persons.
• PML-N, MQM, JUI-F, ANP, and GDA have
joined forces to challenge PPP in Sindh.
• Egypt seeks recognition of Palestine, with
President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi appearing
to discredit the moribund Israel-
Palestinian peace process.
• As a truce begins, Gazans are heading
home, filling the streets. Israeli warplanes
have dropped leaflets warning people
against returning to the north. On a more
global scale, the world's largest iceberg,
147
 News Excerpts
• A23a, has broken free and is drifting past
Antarctica's northern tip. It
approximately three times the size of New
York City.
• Pakistan has signed pacts for recruiting
Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia, with Letters of
Intent signed with FNRCO and Maharah
Human Resource Company.
• Amazon has been hit by "Black Friday"
strikes in Europe, as strikes and protests
take place in more than 30 countries from
Black Friday until Monday. The new axle
load regime is likely to fuel inflation. If the
government persists with its ALR, it faces a
potential surge in foreign exchange in fuel
costs.
az
• At the banking awards, Meezan has
ag
received top honors, while Habib Bank has
m
er
won three awards. Bank Alfalah retains the
on
crown of the best digital bank for the
k
ec
second consecutive year.
er
• Pakistan has received costly LNG bids for
th
January, with OGRA raising RLNG prices
by 1.2% for November.
• Afghan trade via Chaman has been
suspended for the fourth day, with a large
number of trucks loaded with Afghan
transit trade and other goods stuck on both
sides of the border.
• Punjab is the latest to challenge the
Supreme Court verdict on military courts,
following similar appeals filed by the
is Centre, KP, and Balochistan.
• The protest continues in Turbat over the
"custodial killing," with HRCP condemning
"extra-judicial killings" and calling for
those responsible to be held accountable.
• WFP urgently needs $27 million for
families returning to Afghanistan, as the
country is still reeling from devastating
earthquakes and the harsh winter is only
om
weeks away.
l.c
• Pakistan and Kuwait are set to seal a $10
ai
billion investment deal, with SIFC
gm
approving initiatives to be pitched to
@
friendly countries.
e
in
• The Prime Minister appreciates Saudi
support for Palestinians.
• Inflation remains above 40% for the
second straight week, with gas prices
standing over 1,100% higher than a year
ago.
• Central bankers' salaries draw senators'
ire, with SBP officers in the top grade
earning between Rs1.7 million and Rs3.9
million per month, as per the Senate.
• Pakistan calls for a "binding" framework on
ethical AI use, as the unregulated military
uses of AI pose challenges to global and
regional security, according to the foreign
secretary.
148
 News Excerpts
• Palestinians rejoice as 39 individuals walk
free from Israeli prisons, including 13
Israelis, 10 Thais, and one Filipino, on the
first day of the truce.
26 November 2023
• Eight terrorists were eliminated in an
intelligence-based operation in South
Waziristan. A sanitisation operation is
currently underway to eradicate any
remaining terrorists. The army remains
resolute in its determination to eradicate
the menace of terrorism, as stated by the
ISPR.
• Under the agreement between Israel and
e
in
Hamas, a total of 50 Israeli hostages will be
az
exchanged for 150 Palestinian prisoners
ag
over a span of four days.
m
er
• The committee on missing persons is
on
currently in progress, according to the
k
human rights minister. He expresses
ec
er
complete trust in the committee, which
th
includes the interior minister and other
officials.
• The Chinese ministry is urging the
establishment of more fever clinics to
combat the surge in respiratory illnesses.
Chinese officials attribute the rise in
illnesses to the simultaneous circulation of
several pathogens, most notably influenza.
• Prime Minister Kakar has arrived in the
UAE for a bilateral visit. During his visit
from November 26 to November 28, he
will meet with UAE President Sheikh
Mohamed bin Zayed.
• A total of 2,800 Pakistani doctors have
volunteered to provide humanitarian
support in Gaza. Pakistani NGOs have
agreed that working together is the most
effective way to offer assistance to the
om
Palestinians.
l.c
• A reshuffle in the top brass has taken place
ai
with the appointment of Gen Avais Dastgir
gm
as the chief of the general staff. There have
@
also been changes in the corps
commanders in Gujranwala and Quetta.
This is the first significant reshuffle under
Gen Asim Munir, although it was not
officially publicized.
• After a brief interruption, the prisoner
swap deal is back on track. Hamas had
temporarily suspended the release of
prisoners until Israel allowed aid trucks
into Gaza's north.
• GPEI's aid continues to sustain the fight
against polio amid the floods in Pakistan.
As of April 2023, cheques worth Rs216m
have been distributed to 10,500 polio
workers.
• The IWMB has decided to charge a fee for
hiking and trekking tours in the Margalla
149
 News Excerpts
Hills. The decision is expected to face
resistance from the public, but the
chairperson states that free visits can no
longer be allowed.
• Seven farmers have been apprehended
and 21 cases have been filed for stubble
burning in Punjab. The PDMA has imposed
a lockdown in six divisions today.
• Thousands of people are marching in the
UK, calling for a full ceasefire in Gaza.
• According to the UN, 80% of the
population in Gaza has been internally
displaced. Due to limited space in southern
shelters, many displaced men and older
boys are forced to sleep outdoors.
• British troops are patrolling the Kosovo-
az
Serbia border as tensions remain high.
ag
NATO has deployed an additional 1,000
m
er
troops to the region, bringing the total
on
number of peacekeepers from
k
ec
countries to 4,500.
er
• Economic optimism has fueled a rally in the
th
PSX. Analysts attribute the all-time high
closure of the KSE-100 index to a 91%
decrease in the current account deficit for
October.
• Importers are facing challenges as banks
are reluctant to sell dollars. Currency
dealers note that dollar inflows are low this
month, but banks are striving to maintain
maximum liquidity.
• Protesters in Gilgit-Baltistan are
demanding the restoration of wheat
subsidies by November 30. Grain prices
have surged to Rs52 per kg following the
reduction in concessionary rates.
• Around 3,000 Sikh pilgrims have arrived to
join the Guru Nanak celebrations. During
their 10-day stay from November 25 to
December 4, the pilgrims will visit several
gurudwaras in Punjab.
om
• Prime Minister Kakar emphasizes that
l.c
security challenges should not be mixed
ai
with politics. He reaffirms that the SIFC
gm
will continue to function regardless of who
@
is ruling, and states that the state is not
e
in
involved in enforced disappearances.
27 November 2023
• Pakistan and the UAE have signed
27 "historic" MoUs worth "multi-billion
dollars". The Prime Minister's Office states
that the investment from the UAE will
"help realize various initiatives envisioned
under the Special Investment Facilitation
Council".
• As PSX nears the 60,000 milestone, yet
another spike is observed. Stocks rally by
700 points, with analysts pointing to
attractive valuations and high dividends
yield in the banking sector.
150
 News Excerpts
• The BRICS+ Fashion Summit commences will attend COP28 and sign MoUs with
in Moscow tomorrow. Over 60 delegations UAE and Kuwait.
are participating in the event, held from • Biden may attach conditions to US aid to
Nov 28 to Dec 2. Israel. US National Security Adviser
• Despite government anti-smog measures, Sullivan believes that the release of
Lahore remains the most polluted city. A prisoners is a testament to the
smart lockdown was imposed in six effectiveness of direct presidential
divisions of Punjab, and PDMA calls for diplomacy.
additional anti-smog measures. • Another Kohistan girl is killed on the
• Karachi mayor inaugurates a zip line in orders of a jirga. Police have registered an

om
Safari Park, with plans to introduce horse FIR, and the culprits will be brought to

l.c
riding soon. justice.

ai
• Muttahida demands "district autonomy" • 39 more Palestinians are reunited with

gm
at Korangi power show. Farooq Sattar their loved ones. Hamas returns 13 Israeli,
@
reveals that MQM-P is finalizing a three Thai, and one Russian prisoner,
e
in

constitutional package to be unveiled in a expressing willingness to extend the truce.

az

few days. • The next budget must adapt to climate

ag

• The truce brings temporary respite, but change demands, as advised by the IMF to
m
er

not normality for Gazans. A resident in Pakistan. The Finance Division is asked to
on

Khan Younis highlights the lack of publish climate-related spending for FY23-
k
ec

electricity, water, and shortages of basic 24, while the Fund recognizes significant
er

human needs. challenges posed by capacity constraints.

th

• Amir Khan Muttaqi assumes temporary

28 November 2023
charge as Afghan deputy premier.
• Myanmar fighters seize a border crossing • Two terrorists are killed in an intelligence-

to China. An armed alliance of three ethnic based operation in Kalat, Balochistan. ISPR

minority groups captures multiple military confirms the recovery of a large cache of

positions and an important town for trade arms, ammunition, and explosives.

with China. • Seven students are arrested in occupied

• Prime Minister Kakar embarks on a week- Kashmir for "anti-India sloganeering"

long trip to the Middle East. The premier following a World Cup defeat. The
151
 News Excerpts
students are charged under a stringent • Qatar claims a deal to extend the Gaza
anti-terrorism law. truce by two days. Palestinians demand
• PM Kakar arrives in Kuwait after that Israel provide news of those detained
concluding his visit to the UAE. Kakar is during operations in Gaza.
scheduled to meet the Kuwait crown • The trial of cloud seeding is likely to
prince and prime minister, initiating a "new commence within six weeks. A team of
era of economic cooperation" between the experts will visit China next month to
two countries. assess the feasibility of installing smog
• Four reasons why we're excited about the reduction towers in Lahore.
BRICS Fashion Summit in Moscow. • Pakistan LNG awards the tender to OQ

om
• All 41 Indian workers trapped in a tunnel Trading. The Trading Corporation of

l.c
for 17 days have been rescued. Road Pakistan issues another international

ai
Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari tender for the import of 110,000 tons of

gm
commends the well-coordinated effort by wheat.
@
multiple agencies. • WAPDA plans to double hydro-
e
in

• Imran's cipher trial will continue in Adiala generation. With the completion of eight
az

jail in open court due to security concerns, under-construction projects, the country's
ag

as confirmed by the judge. carryover water capacity will increase

m
er

• PSX surges past the record 60,000 from 30 to 45 days.

on

milestone. Experts attribute the rally to • Regional exports grow by 14%. Almost
k
ec

attractive market valuations and monetary 61% of Pakistan's regional exports are
er

easing. destined for China.

th

• HRW accuses Dhaka of trying to "eliminate
competition" before polls. BNP claims that
16,625 members have been arrested since
October.
• Arab states and the EU agree on the need
for a two-state solution. An EU official
urges the Palestinian Authority to hold
elections as soon as possible for further
legitimacy.
• The rupee continues to extend losses
against the dollar. The State Bank of
Pakistan reports the closing price of the
dollar at Rs285.64.
• A 725-point rally propels the index to a
new peak. Analysts note that stocks traded
at another all-time high, driven by
institutional interest in buying companies.
152
 News Excerpts
29 November 2023 • EU accuses Israel of not allowing enough
fuel into enclave.
• Saudi fund extends $3bn deposit to
• Erdogan tells UN chief Israel must be tried
Pakistan, supporting forex reserves and
for war crimes.
economic growth.
• US seeks deconfliction areas in south
• IHC acquits Nawaz Sharif in Avenfield
Gaza to protect civilian infrastructure.
reference.
• Pakistan adopts modern-day cricket as
• SHC orders criminal proceedings against
new mantra, says team director Hafeez.
delinquent officials in Karachi mall fire,
• Two Pakistan players to feature in
demands compensation for families.
Baseball United League in Dubai.
• Over 50 missing Baloch students: 22

om
• Concerns arise as KE seeks 20-year
recovered, IHC informed.

l.c
license, focusing on tariff benefits for
• PM Kakar and Kuwait crown prince

ai
industries in Karachi.

gm
deepen bilateral ties with 7 agreements
• Overall business confidence remains
and 3 MoUs. @
weak, standing at negative 18%.
• PSX briefly touches 61,000 milestone in
e
•
in

PSX surges past 60,000 milestone.

intraday trade, fastest rally in two
az

decades. • ADB grants $180m for water and waste

ag

management in Rawalpindi and

• Provincial Management Service
m

Bahawalpur.
er

Association demands member

•
on

appointment as chief secretary. Foreign investors remit $485m in

k

4MFY24.
• KP govt involves NAB for transparency
ec

and confidence boost in uplift projects. • Caretaker PM Kakar visits Kuwait to

er

strengthen cooperation in energy,

th

• Islamabad establishes first mediation

defence, food security, mineral
center for dispute resolution.
exploration, and IT.
• Lahore's unhealthy air quality prompts
• PILDAT head calls for reforming laws
LHC to order market closure by 10pm.
governing political finance.
• High-powered body formed for fire safety
• Extreme weather drives 27m children
audit of all buildings in Karachi.
worldwide to hunger, including Pakistan.
• Major parties support MQM-P's demand
• World Bank advises Pakistan to focus on
for constitutional changes to empower
improving taxation system for investment.
LGs.

153
 News Excerpts
30 November 2023 • Balochistan CM urgently calls for
measures to resettle flood victims. He
• Petrol prices remain unchanged, while
reveals a delay in the disbursement of a
diesel rates have been reduced by Rs7.
Rs10bn relief package and requests
Kerosene and light diesel oil prices have
Rs400m for World Bank-supported
also witnessed a drop of Rs3.82 and
projects.
Rs4.52 respectively.
• PM Kakar arrives in Dubai to attend the
• Imran pens a letter to CJP Isa, seeking the
COP28 summit. The prime minister will
protection of PTI’s fundamental rights.
lead the Pakistani delegation at the
• Another petition has been filed in the
COP28 summit and participate in the
Supreme Court against the deportation of

om
World Climate Action Summit on
Afghan nationals. The petitioner argues

l.c
December 1 and 2. Ten individuals killed
that the government's decision is "vague

ai
in clash in the Katcha area of Rahim Yar
and arbitrary, lacking rational reasons."

gm
Khan. The victims include two policemen,
The petition has been scheduled for a @
four outlaws, three farm workers, and a
hearing tomorrow.
e
passerby girl.
in

• FBR withdraws orders to freeze PIA’s

az

• Sindh receives the first instalment of

bank accounts, stating that the directives
ag

Rs6bn from the Bahria Town funds

do not prohibit the board from pursuing
m

deposited with the apex court.

er

recovery proceedings against the national

• Stocks break a seven-session winning
on

carrier.
streak. Trading remains unpredictable as
k

• Henry Kissinger, the esteemed US

ec

the index shows significant volatility

diplomat, passes away at the age of 100.
er

throughout the day.

th

The cause of death has not yet been

• Record cotton exports expected this
revealed. Kissinger remains a figure of
season. Since 2017-18, when exports
considerable controversy due to his
reached 207,424 bales, cotton exports
ruthless philosophy of realpolitik.
have not surpassed six digits.
• PTI unveils Imran’s choice for 'caretaker
• Pakistan calls for an international tribunal
chairman.' Barrister Gohar Khan will serve
to investigate Israel’s war crimes. The UN
as a "stopgap arrangement" until the legal
chief informs the Security Council that
issues of the party chief are resolved,
efforts are underway for an extension of
according to Ali Zafar.
the truce.
154
 News Excerpts
• NASA to train an Indian astronaut for a
voyage to the International Space Station.
The satellite is set to be launched from
India in the first quarter of next year, with
a target launch date of January.
• US military plane crashes off the coast of
Japan; one fatality reported.
• Fishing boats in the vicinity discover three
individuals in the surrounding waters, with
their condition unknown.

om
• Pauktaw in Rakhine town hit by heavy

l.c
bombardment during clashes. The Arakan

ai
Army entered Pauktaw on November 15

gm
and opened a new front in an offensive by
@
an alliance of ethnic minority groups.
e
in
az
ag
m
er
k on
ec
er
th

155
 News Excerpts
•

The
Straight
Path to

om
Success!

l.c
ai
gm
@
NEWS & ANALYSIS
e
in
az
ag
m

Reckoner assists individuals in

er

enhancing their skills, attaining

on

their objectives, and bringing

k

their aspirations to fruition.

ec
er
th

Reckoner Magazine

thereckonermagazine@gmail.com

CONTACT US

thereckonermagazine@gmail.com
Islamabad, Pakistan
CONTACT US

thereckonermagazine@gmail.com
Islamabad, Pakistan
156