CHEMICALS

FOUND IN
COSMETICS
Consumer Chemistry Quarter 3
Week 1-2
 A substance or preparation intended for placement

COSMETICS in contact with any external part of the human body (this

includes the mouth and teeth). It is also used to cleanse,

protect, and change the body’s appearance or alter its odors.

BRIEF HISTORY
OF COSMETICS
EGYPT
 EGYPT
Ancient Egyptians used scented oils and ointments to clean and
soften their skin, mask body odor, and protect their skin against the
hot Egyptian sun and dry winds. They used myrrh, thyme, marjoram,
chamomile, lavender, lily, peppermint, rosemary, cedar, rose, aloe,
olive oil, sesame oil, and almond oil as raw ingredients of most
perfumes Egyptians used in religious rituals. Egyptian women applied
galena mesdemet (made of copper and lead ore) and malachite (bright
green paste of copper minerals) to their faces for color and definition.
EGYPT
CHINA
 CHINA
The Chinese stained their fingernails with gum
arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg. The colors were
used to represent social class: Chou dynasty royals
wore gold and silver; the Middle classes wore black or
red; Lower classes were forbidden to wear bright
colors on their nails.
CHINA
INDIA
 INDIA
Henna was used in India both as a hair dye and
Mehndi, an art form in which intricate designs were
painted on the hands and feet using a paste made
from the henna plant, especially before a Hindu
wedding. Henna is still also used in some North
African cultures.
INDIA
EUROPE
 EUROPE
In Elizabethan England, dyed red hair
came into fashion. Society women wore
egg whites over their faces to create the
appearance of a paler complexion. Some
people believed, however, that cosmetics
blocked proper circulation and therefore
posed a health threat.
 EUROPE
Italy and France emerged as the main
cosmetics manufacturing centers in
Europe, and only the aristocracy had
access. European women often
attempted to lighten their skin using a
variety of products, including white lead
paint. Queen Elizabeth I of England was
one well-known user of white lead paint,
with which she created a look known as
“the Mask of Youth.”
 EUROPE
In Edwardian Society, pressure increased on
middle-aged women to appear youthful while
acting as hostesses. As a result, the use of
cosmetics increased but was not yet wholly
popularized. Beauty salons rose in popularity,
though patronage of such salons was not
widely accepted. Moreover, many women did
not wish to publicly admit they could achieve
their youthful appearances, so they often
entered salons through the back door.
PHILIPPINES
 PHILIPPINES
Gugo, scientifically known as Entada phaseoloides, is
a woody vine native to the Philippines. For centuries,
Filipino natives have used its bark to wash their hair
by soaking it and rubbing it in water, causing it to
foam up like soap or shampoo. In the Philippine
regions of Bataan and Samar, Gugo is used as
shampoo, an ingredient for hair tonics, a stimulant
for hair growth, and as a treatment for wounds,
dandruff, and even head lice. Before the Spanish
Conquest, lemon grass was also sometimes mixed to
act as a perfume in the Gugo shampoo mixture.
QUESTIONS:
1. Give three reasons why people
used cosmetics during the early
times.

2. Describe the cosmetic

ingredients used by people during
the early times.

3. How can you compare the

cosmetic ingredients used in early
times with the available cosmetic
products you see in the market?
Cosmetic
product
forms
viscosity

Product forms are an essential part

of quality control in the cosmetic
industry. Some cosmetics must have
certain forms to prove useful for
their designed purpose. When we
talk about cosmetic product forms,
viscosity is very vital.
viscosity

It refers to the resistance to

flow. It also refers to how the
product behaves and flows when
put in a particular container.
Reasons Why The Viscosity
and Product Form Is Vital

a. To make it easy to apply - A body mist must have low

viscosity for it to flow freely and be distributed in an even
manner, while lipsticks and lip balms must be highly viscous
to stick on one’s lips and protect the skin.

b. To make it easy to dispense and use the right amount

Shampoo must be viscous enough to pour it from a bottle in
a controlled amount and need to stay in the hand while
applying it on the head.
c. To suit customers’ perception – customers often judge the
conditioning benefits of a conditioner by how thick and
creamy it is.
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity
LIQUID

- It can flow freely from runny like

water to runny like honey.

- Water-based liquid can only

contain a small amount of oils
appropriately solubilized.

Examples: perfume, body mist,

skin toner
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Gel

- It is thicker than liquid and has

limited flow properties.

-It is formed through the use of gum

or thickening agents.

Examples: water-based (hair-styling

gel); oil-based ( viscous hair oils)
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Foaming Gel
- It is used to describe foaming
products with honey-like viscosity.
- It has limited flow capacity and
prevents the product from running
out of the hand since it foams up.
Examples: shampoo, liquid body
wash, and foaming facial cleanser
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Serum
- It varies from low viscosity gel to almost
lotion-like.
- It is used to deliver critical ingredients in
a light product form.
- It is made up of smaller molecules that
can penetrate deeply into the skin and
deliver a high concentration of active
ingredients.
Examples: Vitamin C serum and facial
serum
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Lotion
- It contains low viscosity emulsions.
Emulsion – is a mixture of two naturally not soluble
substances (like oil and water) by use of a material to
hold them together (emulsifier)
- It can readily be pumped or squeezed from packaging
with a little effort or may run semi freely.
- The viscosity of lotions can be altered by using different
emulsifying agents, consistency factors (beeswax or other
waxes), or gums or thickening agents.
Examples: hand and body lotion, medicated lotion
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Cream

- It contains medium to high viscosity emulsions.

It is suitable to be put in jars or small bottles with a
wide mouth or bigger pump nozzles.

Examples: Anti-aging creams, skincare creams

Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Creams can be in the form of:

Oil in water emulsions (o/w)

1. droplets of oil in water continuous phase
2. tends to have a light-after feel on the skin being
water-based.
Water in oil emulsions (w/o)
1. droplets of water in a continuous oil phase
2. has a greasier-after feel since it is oil-based
3. It has higher viscosity because of its high oil
content.
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Powder
It is utilized readily in the color
cosmetics industry like eye
shadow, blushes, pressed, loose
powder, and mineral make-up.

Examples: baby powder, talc,

blusher, most of the make-up
products
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Balm
It is mostly or entirely oil solid
consistency.

Examples: Hair and lip balm,

lipstick
Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Mud

It is often presented as a semi-

solid product with the use of
different clay and with the
presence of oils.

Examples: Mud clay mask

Different cosmetic
product forms
depending on
their viscosity

Scrub
It contains various sized
particles to exfoliate skin
mechanically.

Examples: Salt or sugar

exfoliating body scrub
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the importance of
considering viscosity in
formulating cosmetic
products?

2. What ingredient can be added

to produce a highly viscous
cosmetic product?

3. What ingredient can be added

to hold oil and water together in a
cosmetic formula?
 ACTIVITY 1: HISTORY OF COSMETICS
Direction: Complete the historical timeline about the development of cosmetics.
Write the chemicals or materials used by the people involved in the picture during
the early times.
 ACTIVITY 2: Our Cosmetics at Home
Cleanliness should always start at home and with oneself. This activity will help you practice
identifying the different cosmetic product forms. So let us start by looking around your house. List down the
available cosmetic products and identify their cosmetic product form.
PERFORMANCE TASK
Vice Ganda, Anne Curtis, and
Maine Mendoza are known Filipino
artists who formulated and owned their
make-up cosmetic lines. Making a
cosmetic line has become a trend
among businessmen who studied
formulating cosmetic products such as
facial cream, soap, lip tints, and the like.
If you would have the chance
to create your cosmetic brand, what
kind of cosmetic product would you
make? Why would you choose such a
product? Draw a sample packaging
design and brand name below.