1. Space travel and exploration is not worth the high cost and risk to astronauts’ health.

While
space travel can help discover fascinating things about other planets, it is not worth the millions
of dollars necessary. Furthermore, space travel can cause irreversible health problems for the
human body.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?

a. Most astronauts are able to recover their health after space exploration.
b. Travelling to the moon was one of the greatest achievements for mankind.
c. Space travel is not the only risk that humans take for their health.
d. Space exploration has allowed the discovery of beneficial new technology.

2. In Maria’s city, an annual marathon is held starting from the central square and finishing at the
local football stadium. Maria enters this competition every year with her friends Nils, Leena,
Olsen and Preethi.

Maria beat more of her friends this year than she did last year.

Nils has still never lost to Maria in a race before.

Olsen is always the fastest runner of the group

Maria never finishes last in races.

Who finished 4th in this year’s race?

a. Preethi
b. Maria
c. Leena
d. Not enough information to know

Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following information.

Amy recently purchased a smart watch that is able to track her fitness activity. She wants to track
how long her daily walks are. The following table shows the start and finish time of her walks
throughout a certain week.

Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Start 5:20 am 11:10 am 8:10 am 6:30 pm 11:55 am 12:45 pm 6:20 am
time
Finish 6:10 am 11:40 am 8:50 am 6:50 pm 12:35 pm 1:25 pm 7:20 am
time

She also tracked how many steps she took on each walk, as represented below.
 8000
7200
7000
5900
6000 5600
5200

Number of steps
5000
5000
3900
4000
3100
3000
2000
1000
0

ay
y

ay
ay
y

ay
y
da
da

da
sd

rd
id

nd
es

rs
on

Fr
ne

tu

Su
u
Tu
M

Sa
Th
ed
W

3. On which day was Amy’s walking pace (steps per minute) the highest?
a. Monday
b. Wednesday
c. Thursday
d. Sunday

4. Amy exercises on certain days by powerwalking. During her exercises, Amy makes sure to
power walk for at least 30 minutes, whilst fitting in at least 5500 steps during that session.
What is the maximum amount of days Amy could have power walked on during the week?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

5. Too many people are lazy and don’t like to cook their own meals. These people end up ordering
takeout food instead, which is convenient, but often more expensive and more unhealthy than
home-cooked meals. Where possible, people should be more proactive about making sure they
cook their own meals at home.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the nutritionist’s argument?

a. Takeaway meals often too much salt and sugar.
b. Food delivery costs can be up to half the price of the food on its own.
c. Many takeout restaurants offer healthy meal ranges.
d. Cooking good meals at home takes a lot of skill and learning.
6. A piece of paper is folded in half once, and then a shape is cut out from the folded edge. When
the piece of paper is unfolded, a 4-sided shape is produced in the middle. This is demonstrated
below.

All but one of the shape cut-outs below will produce a 10-sided shape following the same steps
as above. Which one is it?

a. b. c. d.

7. Children should be given the freedom to eat whatever they want. If children are always forced
by their parents to eat or not eat certain foods, they could develop a bad relationship with food.
Furthermore, this may lead to the development of food intolerances later on in life. Therefore,
giving children the right to choose which foods they would like to eat is ultimately the healthier
choice.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?

a. Children are often attracted to food that is bad for their health.
b. Some parents do not know what foods their children do not like.
c. A lot of people develop food intolerances without even knowing.
d. An individual’s palette changes and develops over time.
8. Kyle is comparing his marks across all his subjects. The following statements were made:

Statement 1: Kyle achieved 100% for Science.

Statement 2: Kyle missed out on full marks for Science by 20%.
Statement 3: Science has always been Kyle’s best subject.
Statement 4: Kyle achieved the lowest marks for English and Maths.
Statement 5: Kyle got a mark of 80% across all but one of his subjects.

Which of the statement(s) above prove that Kyle got the highest mark in Science?

a. Statement 1 only
b. Statements 1 & 5
c. Statements 3 & 4
d. Statements 1, 3 & 4

9. Sarah is planning to go with her friend Lisa to a party. Lisa leaves home to drive to Sarah’s
house to pick her up before driving to the party. After the party finishes, Lisa will drive back to
Sarah’s house where she will spend the night in her spare bedroom.

The time it takes to drive between certain destinations is shown in the table below.

Lisa’s house to Lisa’s house to the Sarah’s house to

Sarah’s house Party the Party
With traffic 18 mins 42 mins 39 mins
Without traffic 12 mins 35 mins 33 mins

If there is traffic on the way to the event, but none on the way back, what is the total amount of
time Lisa will spend driving?
a. 84 mins
b. 90 mins
c. 92 mins
d. 99 mins

10. “Health professionals recommend everyone to spend at least 30 minutes outdoors each day as
these factors can impact an individual’s physical and mental health.”

Nick: I do not remember the last time I spent more than 20 minutes outdoors in a day. This
must be why I have been feeling drained physically and mentally.

Lucy: According to health professionals, doing an hour of exercise each day has kept me in peak
physical and mental condition.

If the quoted statement is true, whose reasoning is correct?

a. Nick only
b. Lucy only
c. Both Nick and Lucy
d. Neither Nick nor Lucy
11. Below is an image of the famous Olympic Rings

A business owner wants to open a shop selling sports equipment and wants to use the Olympic
ring symbol for his logo. However he cannot use the exact same design of the original Olympic
rings and he instead decides to remove one of the rings and keep the rest of the rings where
they originally were.

The business owner wanted to get rid of a ring that was originally touching three other rings.
Which of the following could his new shop logo be?

a. b.

c. d.

12. Cindy’s friend Jonathon will celebrate his birthday on the 8th of August. She decides to order him
a birthday present from an online store called SendFast. The SendFast website states it will take
1-3 days for the order to be processed and an additional 5-8 days before it is delivered to
Jonathon.

Cindy wants to make sure Jonathon receives the present a day before his birthday, what is the
latest date that Cindy should make her order to ensure it can be delivered by then?
a. 1nd of August
b. 29th of July
c. 25th of July
d. 27th of July
 Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following information.
Below is an image taken during the middle of a game of checkers between Black and White.

Black’s pieces start from the top of the board whilst White’s pieces start from the bottom of the
board. Each of their pieces must move forward along a diagonal. For example, Black’s piece on
E3 can only move to D2 or F2.

A player’s piece may “capture” an opponent’s piece by jumping “over” an opponent’s piece in
front of it. This must still happen along a diagonal and there must be a free space on the other
side of the opponent’s piece for the player’s piece to land. For example, the black piece in D6 can
“capture” the white piece in C5 by jumping “over” it and landing on B4.

13. This picture shows a white piece which is able to capture a black piece. If this occurs, where will
this white piece land?
a. E5
b. F6
c. D2
d. B4

14. How many of white’s pieces can be taken by a black piece at this point in the game?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
15. Smoking cigarettes for a long period of time has been shown to cause many health problems
such as heart disease and obesity. The government has been worried about this for quite some
time. In particular, they are concerned about young adults who are easily impressionable and
may try smoking because it seems like a “cool” activity.

Mr. Sun: Obviously if cigarettes were limited for young adults, we would be able to eliminate
health problems like heart disease and obesity.

Which of the following is NOT a mistake that Mr. Sun has made?
a. Older adults may also smoke cigarettes for a long period of time
b. Some young adults may still be able to smoke and suffer health problems like obesity
c. Cigarettes may not be the only cause of heart disease
d. Young adults typically cannot afford cigarettes anyway

16. “It is always important to read the ingredients on the label of foods and avoid purchasing foods
that contain unhealthy ingredients. By purchasing and eating only foods that have nutritious,
whole ingredients, you can be sure you are eating healthy.”

Andy: Whenever I go grocery shopping, I always read the ingredients on the label of food I grab
before I add it to my cart to purchase. Hence, I can be sure I am eating healthy.

If the quoted paragraph is true, which of the following shows the mistake Andy has made?
a. Despite reading the food label, he did not avoid purchasing unhealthy foods
b. The food labels may not contain all of a product’s unhealthy ingredients
c. He may not eat the food he decides to purchase
d. He may not have read the food labels carefully enough before purchasing them

17. College students spend lots of money, effort and time to graduate with a degree that it not
always useful for their desired job. In comparison, people who do not go to college may spend
their effort and time gaining work experience and earning money. In fact, jobs that need a
college degree pay similar wages to those that do not require a degree. Hence, colleges are a
waste of money.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?

a. Very few employers consider a person’s college degree when hiring.
b. Multiple part-time jobs can yield the same amount of money as a full-time job.
c. People invest a lot of time into getting a college degree to achieve their dream job.
d. College graduates are more likely to be employed than those who are not.
18. Joe has constructed the following 3D-shape using equal sized cubes.

What is the least number of cubes Joe needs to add to form a larger cube with all sides equal?
a. 11
b. 18
c. 20
d. 22

19. The following rules apply to determine whether a customer is entitled to a discount at Store A.
Note that any discounts provided are not cumulative (each customer can only receive a
maximum of 10% off)
1. Customers under 18 years old may receive 10% off
2. Every customer is entitled to a 10% discount on holidays
3. 10% discounts are provided to customers on their birthdays
4. Customers who hold a membership card are provided a 10% discount

Samir: Over the course of a Saturday, I observed people entering Store A. I noticed there were 8
people with membership cards and there were 10 customers under the age of 18. Of these
customers, 3 of them had their birthday that day. It was not a holiday. Therefore, the total
number of customers who were given a 10% discount must have been at least 18.

Which of the following shows the mistake that Samir made?

a. Samir did not count the total amount of people who entered the store on Saturday
b. Some of the customers with membership cards may also have had a birthday that day
c. Some of the customers under 18 may also have had a birthday that day
d. Some of the customers under 18 may also have had membership cards
 20. Jason decides to encode his messages to his friend Jim. He uses the following code, where each
of the letters of the alphabet are represented by a number.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

For example, the word TOOK would be written in code as 20151511.

Jason sends four encoded words using the code above to Jim. Jim decodes the following words:

HIGH
LAB
TON
JEER

Jim is confident that he’s deciphered three of the words correctly, which word is Jim not sure
about?
a. HIGH
b. LAB
c. TON
d. JEER

21. Children should work for their allowance rather than receiving pocket money. This is because
earning money through activities like chores and completing homework can teach the value of
hard work. This system helps children understand how hard it can be to earn money and
promotes money saving habits from a young age.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the parent’s argument?

a. Adults who were spoiled as a child have bad spending habits.
b. Many teenagers do not understand the importance of earning and saving money.
c. Some parents give their children an allowance after doing the dishes.
d. Children will not do chores unless they are rewarded with something after.

22. Johnson orders several items to his house from the following companies – ATX Clothes, Bill’s
Jeans, CleanCorp and DreamStar Tech. He notes the following:

Bill’s Jean’s item was the second item to arrive.

ATX Clothes and CleanCorp delivered their items on the same day.

CleanCorp and Dreamstar Tech use the same delivery company which only drops off items at
night.

Bill’s Jean’s item arrived 1 week after Johnson had received his item from Dreamstar Tech.

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Dreamstar Tech’s item arrived early
b. ATX Clothes item may have been the last item to arrive
c. Only 2 items arrived on time
d. CleanCorp’s item was the last item to arrive
23. “People who excel in art are shown to be more free-spirited than those who excel in maths.
However, people who excel at both are often under much more stress.”

Jacky: My sister is always working on her artworks while studying for her maths degree. No
wonder why she is always so stressed!

Nathan: My friend is the most free-spirited person I know. He might be really good at art.

If the quoted statement is true, whose reasoning is correct?

a. Jacky only
b. Nathan only
c. Both Jacky and Nathan
d. Neither Jacky nor Nathan

24. 6 friends were sat around a circular table. After getting seated, the friends decided to rearrange
themselves. This occurred switching between pairs of people. The images below show their
arrangement before and after rearranging themselves.

Abigail Fiona

Fiona Brendan Brendan Abigail

Evan Charlie Charlie Evan

Dylan Dylan

Before repositioning After repositioning

What is the total number of switches they made?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

25. “People who achieve higher than 90% in every Maths exam or achieve an overall school grade
higher than 90% are able to register to skip to the grade above.”

If the quoted statement above is true, which of the following is also true?
a. Benjamin registered to skip to the grade above, so he must have achieved scores above
90% in every exam.
b. Grace achieved an overall school grade of 90%, so she was able to register to the skip to
the grade above.
c. Angie did not achieve an overall school grade of 90%, so she is less capable than others
in her grade.
d. None of the above.
26. “Only people who have studied a cooking course or have had over 5 years of restaurant
experience are qualified to become a chef.”

If the quoted statement above is true, which of the following is also true?
a. Vincent only has 3 years of restaurant experience, so he is not qualified to be a chef.
b. Eunice has 6 years of restaurant experience, so she is qualified to be a chef.
c. Larry is a qualified chef, so he must have studied a cooking course.
d. Wendy has over 5 years of restaurant experience, so she must be a qualified chef.

27. Three of the following shapes can be put together to form a pentagon. The shapes can be
rotated, but not resized. Which shape does not fit in with the other three to do this?

Shape A Shape B Shape C Shape D

Which shape does not fit together with the other three to form the hexagon?
a. Shape A
b. Shape B
c. Shape C
d. Shape D
28. The following square tile has a special property where, if rotated 180° in any direction, the tile
will still appear to be the same shape.

Which of the following square tiles does not have this special property?

a. b.

c. d.
29. When the boss of the Company BigCorp retires, their son or daughter will automatically take
over. If this is not possible however, the best candidate will be selected based on the following
qualifications:

• Experience in a leadership role

• Knowledge of social issues

Michael: I’ve worked in a leadership role for a company and have comprehensive knowledge on
social issues. However, when my boss at BigCorp retired, I wasn’t selected. I guess the boss had
a son or daughter who could take over the company instead.

If the quoted paragraph is true, which of the following shows the mistake Michael has made?
a. The current CEO’s child may not have wanted the role of the future CEO.
b. Michael may only have comprehensive knowledge on social issues in a certain country.
c. Michael may not have had long enough experience working as a high authority worker.
d. The current CEO may have selected a more qualified candidate than Michael.

30. The game of Parley is played by two opposing teams (Team A and Team B) and occurs over two
‘sets’.

During each ‘set’, each team will each have a chance to score points. After the two ‘sets’ are
completed the total scores that both teams achieved in each ‘set’ will be added together to form
their total score. The team with the higher total score wins.

There is no time limit for how long each ‘set’ can go on for, however if the two ‘sets’ are not
completed within 5 days, the game is automatically over and both teams will draw.

Which of the following is NOT possible?

a. Set 1 was unable to be completed by the two teams in time and hence the game was a
draw.
b. Team B scores higher than Team A in set 1, Team A scores higher than Team B in set 2,
Team A is hence the winner.
c. Team B scores higher than Team A in set 1, Team A scores higher than Team B in set 2,
resulting in a draw.
d. Team A scores higher than Team B in set 1, however set 2 as not completed in time and
hence Team A is the winner.
31. The image below shows a structure viewed from above.

Which of the following is NOT a possible view from any one of the sides?

a. b.

c. d.

32. “All animals with webbed feet and a tail are suited to excel at swimming. All animals that excel
at swimming only go onto land to lay their eggs. Therefore, all animals with webbed feet and a
tail spend most of their lives swimming.”

Curtis: If I see an animal with webbed feet and a tail go on land, it must be laying their eggs.

Yasmin: If an animal excels at swimming, it must have webbed feet and a tail.

If the quoted statement is true, whose reasoning is correct?

a. Curtis only
b. Yasmin only
c. Both Curtis and Yasmin
d. Neither Curtis nor Yasmin
33. “Kieran needs at least 7 hours of sleep night, or else he will be very tired and grumpy. If Kieran
gets less than 7 hours of sleep one night, he will wake up later than normal the next day.”

Ruby: Kieran woke up very early today. I think this means he will be grumpy and want to sleep
in tomorrow.

If the quoted paragraph is true, which of the following shows the mistake Ruby has made?
a. Kieran may feel more energised after waking up so early in the morning.
b. Kieran may be able to stay awake during the day despite sleeping late.
c. Kieran may have went back to sleep after he was woken up.
d. Kieran may have slept very early the night before.

34. Daisy went picking for three-leaf clovers and four-leaf clovers. Four-leaf clovers are much more
rare than three-leaf clovers. Among all the clovers she picked, she counted a total of 34 leaves. If
Daisy picked at least one of each clover, what is the least amount of clovers she could have
picked?
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10

35. Every year around July, Vasan watches for migrating birds in the sky.

There are only 2 species of bird known to migrate across Vasan’s area during the month of July:
The black-beaked wagtail and the common swallow.

Vasan: Compared to last year, I’ve seen double the amount of swallows migrating in July whilst
the amount of black-beaked wagtails has halved.

Lucinda: Interesting, I guess this means the swallows must have out-competed the black-beaked
wagtails for the same food source and caused their population to decline as a result.

Which of the following is NOT a mistake that Lucinda made?

a. The common swallow may have appeared too similar to the black-beaked wagtail.
b. The common swallow may not live in the same habitats as the black-beaked wagtail
c. Black-beaked wagtails may have declined due to other causes
d. A significant proportion of black-beaked wagtails may be migrating in a different area.
36. On the island of Charco, the 3 main languages spoken by the population are Neetay, Miani and
Ottling. These language share certain similarities and differences.

When referring to any kind of drink, the languages Neetay and Miani share the exact same
vocabulary.

When referring to any kind of food, the languages Miani and Ottling share the exact same
vocabulary.

The languages of Neetay and Ottling share most of their vocabulary.

No single word is shared across the vocabulary of all three languages.

Which of the following is NOT possible?

a. ‘Sanga’ means ‘sandwich’ in Neetay and Ottling
b. ‘Chica’ means ‘chocolate in Miani and Ottling
c. ‘Ting’ means ‘tasty’ in Neetay and Ottling
d. ‘Zop’ means ‘lemonade’ in Neetay and Miani

37. Jinny runs an experiment to assess whether the amount of coffee people drink will cause them
to sleep more at night.

She decides to split her friends up into a group who will drink 1 cup of coffee per day and
another group who will drink 1 cup of tea per day. The only other drinks the participants were
allowed was water. Over the course of the following week, she records the amount of sleep each
participant had. At the end she finds that there is no difference in the average amount of sleep
each participant in the 2 different groups had per night.

Jinny: Clearly, coffee does not have any effect on how much time people will spend sleeping per
night.

Which of the following sentences shows the mistake Jinny has made?
a. Jinny friend’s may not have likes the taste of coffee
b. More of her friends may have preferred to drink tea rather than coffee
c. The people who drank coffee might have had higher energy levels throughout the week
d. Coffee and tea may have similar effects on the amount of time someone spends sleeping
at night
38. Mrs. Walker’s class recently completed a set of exams in the subjects of Maths, Reading and
Science. The scores achieved are shown below:

Maths Reading Science

Student 1 65% 70% 40%
Student 2 25% 75% 80%
Student 3 55% 70% 50%
Student 4 70% 60% 60%
Student 5 40% 75% 60%

Which student performed the 2nd best in the class?

a. Student 1
b. Student 2
c. Student 3
d. Student 5

39. The floors in Peter’s house are covered with square tiles with the pattern on the tile as shown
below.

If every four tiles are horizontally and vertically reflected, which of the following is a possible
arrangement of the floor tiles in Peter’s house?

a. b.

c. d.
40. Abigail, Brandon, Cassie and Darren all look at the same structure from different angles and
describe it to an artist. Below is the artist’s drawing of each person’s described perspective:

One of the perspectives above is inaccurate and is not possible based on the other three
perspectives. Whose perspective was inaccurate?
a. Abigail
b. Brandon
c. Cassie
d. Darren