AVIARY

Aviary is formed from the Latin word

for bird, avis, and the ending -ary, meaning
“a place” (similar to the -arium in aquarium).
Unlike birdcages for pets, aviaries are large
enough to allow the captive birds room to
fly around. They are often large enough for
people to enter too. Be sure not to
confuse aviary with apiary, which is a place
for keeping bees, not birds.
An aviary is a place where birds are
kept, such as a building at the zoo or a bird
sanctuary. It can be a peaceful place to
visit, but watch out for nasty surprises
dropping from birds overhead.

TYPES OF AVIARY GROUNDED AVIARIES

are affixed to the ground with a
concrete base to prevent rats and
other vermin from entering.
SUSPENDED AVIARIES are
suspended in the air with only the
'legs' of the aviaries affixed to the
ground; hence, the need for a
protective base is eliminated in
suspended aviaries.
SUSPENDED AVIARY
Grounded aviaries are affixed to the ground with a concrete base to prevent rats and other
GROUNDED AVIARY
vermin from entering. BAMBOO
Bamboo is a woody plant with a hollow stem that's in the grass family.
When bamboo is harvested and processed, it can be used to make things
like flooring, paper, and chopsticks.
If bamboo is prepared correctly, it can be eaten — you'll find bamboo
shoots in many Chinese dishes, for example. Without the right preparation,
though, bamboo is toxic to humans. Many products are made from bamboo
in part because it's one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. Bamboo is
originally from the Dutch bamboe, which in turn comes from the
Portuguese bambu. The root is thought to be the Malay word samambu.
TYPES OF BAMBOO
BAMBUSA NUTANS BAMBUSA TULDA
an evergreen or deciduous, clump-
A nice bamboo with straight strong forming bamboo with stems 6 - 20
(near solid) culms and edible shoots. It metres tall. The thin-walled canes
has a very tight clumping growth habit are about 50 - 100mm in diameter
and slightly weeping tops with lush with internodes 36 - 60cm long.
DENDROCALAMUS GIGANTEUS
foliage.
DENDROCALAMUS HAMILTONII an evergreen or deciduous,
an evergreen, clump-forming bamboo clump-forming bamboo with
with woody culms that are often very stems 6 - 20 metres tall. The thin-
pendulous and can grow 12 - 25 metres walled canes are about 50 -
tall. The culms are 9 - 20cm in diameter 100mm in diameter with
at the base, with internodes 30 - 50cm internodes 36 - 60cm long. 1
 BARREL VAULT

A barrel vault is a continuous arched shape that may approximate

a semi-cylinder in form, resembling the roof of a tunnel, or may be
pointed at its apex. It is typically formed by a series of arches 1
or vaults placed side by side or by a continuous shell.

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Refers to the human-made surroundings

that provide the setting for human activity,
ranging in scale from buildings and parks or
green space to neighborhoods and cities
that can often include their supporting
infrastructure, such as water supply or
energy networks.
CARBON ATOMS

Carbon has an atomic number of six (meaning

six protons, and six electrons as well in a neutral
atom), so the first two electrons fill the inner
shell and the remaining four are left in the
second shell, which is the valence (outermost)
shell.

CONCRETE
CONCRETE, in construction, structural
material consisting of a hard,
chemically inert particulate substance,
known as aggregate (usually sand and
gravel), that is bonded together
by cement and water.

AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE

The term 'aggregates' is a broad term for a material that
is used for construction or building applications. This
includes gravel, sands, crushed stone, etc. Aggregates
can also be produced by recycling demolition waste
such a concrete and bricks. These are known as
recycled aggregates or secondary aggregates.
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 DOME

DOME, in architecture, hemispherical

structure evolved from the arch, usually
forming a ceiling or roof. Domes first appeared
as solid mounds and in techniques adaptable
only to the smallest buildings, such as round
huts and tombs in the ancient Middle
East, India, and the Mediterranean. The
Romans introduced the large-scale masonry
hemisphere. The dome exerts thrusts all
around its perimeter, and the earliest
monumental examples, such as the
Roman Pantheon, required heavy supporting
walls.
DYMAXION DEVELOPMENT UNIT
A DYMAXION DEPLOYMENT UNIT
(DDU) OR DYMAXION House, is a
structure designed in 1940
by Buckminster Fuller consisting of a
20-foot circular hut constructed
of corrugated steel looking much like
a yurt or the top of a metal silo.[1] The
interior was insulated and finished
with wallboard, portholes and a door.
The dome-like ceiling has a hole in the
top and a cap for ventilation.

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

In geometry, an equilateral triangle is a triangle that has all its sides

equal in length. Since the three sides are equal therefore the three
angles, opposite to the equal sides, are equal in measure.
Therefore, it is also called an equiangular triangle, where each
angle measure 60 degrees.

FACE

A face of a solid can be defined as every single flat

surface of a solid. It forms part of the boundary. In any
geometric solid that is made of flat surfaces, each flat
surface is called a face. Any two dimensional shape has
only one flat face.

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 GEODESIC
Also ge·o·des·i·cal. pertaining to the
geometry of curved surfaces, in
which geodesic lines take the place of the
straight lines of plane geometry. GEODESICS
are commonly seen in the study of Riemannian
geometry and more generally metric geometry.
In general relativity, geodesics
in spacetime describe the motion of point
particles under the influence of gravity alone. In
Klein quartic with 28 A geodesic on a triaxial particular, the path taken by a falling rock, an
geodesics (marked by 7 ellipsoid.
orbiting satellite, or the shape of a planetary
colors and 4 patterns) orbit are all geodesics[b] in curved spacetime.

GEODESIC DOME
A GEODESIC DOME is a
hemispherical thin-shell structure
(lattice-shell) based on a geodesic
polyhedron. The triangular elements of
the dome are structurally rigid and
distribute the structural stress
throughout the structure, making
geodesic domes able to withstand very
heavy loads for their size.

HONEYCOMB
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES, inspired
from bee honeycombs, had found
widespread applications in various
fields, including architecture,
transportation, mechanical
engineering, chemical
engineering, nanofabrication, and
recently biomedicine.

ICOSAHEDRON

Regular
dodecahedron It has five equilateral triangular faces meeting
(dual polyhedron) at each vertex. It is represented by its Schläfli
symbol {3,5}, or sometimes by its vertex
figure as 3.3.3.3.3 or 35. It is the dual of
the regular dodecahedron, which is
represented by {5,3}, having three
pentagonal faces around each vertex. In most
contexts, the unqualified use of the word
"icosahedron" refers specifically to this figure.

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 IGLOO

IGLOO, temporary winter home or hunting-

ground dwelling of Canadian and Greenland Inuit
(Eskimos). The igloo, usually made from blocks
of snow and dome-shaped, is used only in the area
between the Mackenzie River delta and Labrador where,
in the summer, Inuit live in sealskin or, more recently,
cloth tents.

LOTUS DOMES HUBS

This hub, designed and manufactured by Lotus

Domes in the UK has proved successful for
medium sized domes (around 8-15m diameter).
Powder coated steel poles fix simply into the hub
with stainless steel pins. This allows construction of
a 10m dome by one person and a ladder, in around
3 hours, from the back of an estate car. This
generates considerable savings on the
commodities of time, energy and equipment.
STEEL
Iron is made by removing oxygen and other impurities from
iron ore. When iron is combined with carbon, recycled steel
and small amounts of other elements it becomes steel.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2%
carbon and 1% manganese and small amounts of silicon,
phosphorus, sulphur and oxygen.
Steel is the world’s most important engineering and
construction material. It is used in every aspect of our lives;
in cars and construction products, refrigerators and
washing machines, cargo ships and surgical scalpels.
STRUCTURE

Many people use the term structure synonymously with

building or edifice. But the word has a specific meaning
when it is used in architectural context. STRUCTURE is that
part of an edifice which does the job of bearing all, live and
dead, loads to the ground. Sometimes, though, the whole
building envelope is necessary for structural purposes, and
in those instances structure is synonymous with building. 5
 STRUTS

Dome STRUTS may be high-strength metal alloys, or

more traditional wood members. The nodes, or hubs,
that connect struts are often steel. After the framework
is complete, it must be covered. The triangle panels
are generally made of plywood, plastics or concrete.
The interior of the dome is often lined with insulation TIMBER
and finished with triangular sections of drywall or
wood. TIMBER is a type of wood which has been processed
into beams and planks. It is also known as “lumber”
in US and Canada. Basically, timber or Lumber is a
wood or firewood of growing trees. Any wood capable
of yielding a minimum dimensional size can be termed
as a timber or lumber. It is a stage in the process of
wood production. Timbers are used for the structural
purpose. Those woods which are adapted for building
purposes are timbers.
PIPE

In common usage the words pipe and tube are usually

interchangeable, but in industry and engineering, the terms
are uniquely defined. Tube is most often specified by the
OD and wall thickness, but may be specified by any two of
OD, inside diameter (ID), and wall thickness. Pipe is
generally manufactured to one of several international and
national industrial standards.[1] While similar standards
exist for specific industry application tubing, tube is often
made to custom sizes and a broader range of diameters
and tolerances.
PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD panels are fabricated from
multiple layers or plys of softwood
veneer glued together with the grain
direction of each layer of veneer
perpendicular to that of the adjacent
layers. These cross-laminated sheets
of wood veneers are fastened together
with a waterproof phenol-
formaldehyde resin adhesive and
cured under heat and pressure. 6
 REFERENCES
Archi_com, & archi_com. (2023, March 22). Geodesic dome in architecture
Bamboo - definition, meaning & synonyms. (n.d.). In vocabulary.com.
Bambusa vulgaris - useful tropical plants. (n.d.).
Commercial important bamboo species grown in india (source. (n.d.).
Geodesic hub connectors » domerama. (n.d.)
Hanko, s. (n.d.). Queens zoo aviary. Flickr.
Haus, j. (2016). Materials. In elsevier ebooks (pp. 89–148).
Jack. (2022, June 22). The complete guide to construction aggregates.
Vedantu. (n.d.). Aviary. Vedantu.
Worldsteel. (2023, July 14). About steel - worldsteel.org. Worldsteel.org.

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 CONTENTS
AVIARY 1
 GROUNDED AVIARY 1
 SUSPENDED AVIARY 1
BAMBOO 1
 BAMBUSA NUTANS 1
 DENDROCALAMUS HAMILTONII 1
 BAMBUSA TULDA 1
 DENDROCALAMUS GIGANTEUS 1
BARREL VAULT 2
BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2
CARBON ATOMS 2
CONCRETE 2
 AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE 2
DOME 3
DYMAXION DEVELOPMENT UNIT 3
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE 3
FACE 3
2222
GEODESIC 4
GEODESIC DOME 4
HONEYCOMB 4
ICOSAHEDRON 4
IGLOO 5
LOTUS DOMES HUB 5
STEEL 5
STRUCTURE 5
STRUTS 6
TIMBER 6
PIPE 6
PLYWOOD 6
REFERENCES 7
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CITY CAMPUS, URDANETA CITY PANGASINAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024

VISUAL DICTIONARY
GEODESIC
STRUCTURE
EXPLORING THE WORLD OF GEODESIC DOMES:
A MARVEL OF ARCHITECTURE
“You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something,
build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”

CARLOS, JUVEL M.
ARCH. ALDWIN M. CASTILLO
INSTRUCTOR
BS ARCHITECTURE 4 B
GROUP 8
AREOLA, EZRA JOSHUA M. CARDENAS, JULIE ANN
INFOGRAPHICS & VIDEO PRESENTATION ALBUM & BROCHURE
CARLOS, JUVEL M. BAUTISTA, JUN E.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION & VISUAL DICTIONARY SCALED MODEL