GRASSLAND

ECOSYSTEM
Mark Bryan Lee Ocampo
Cacanindin
 INTRODUCTION

Grassland, ecosystem in which grasses, sedges, and other

forage plants are the dominant vegetation. Although
temperate grasslands may have more than so species of
vascular plants, and tropical grasslands more than 200, two
or tree species of grasses usually dominate upward 60% of
the biomass above ground.
I. Objectives

• To determine the different living things and

the interrelationship.
• To be able to collect, to survey and to identify.
II. WEEDS FOUND IN A GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME GROWTH HABBIT
Setaria Setaria sphacelota Very erected perennial grass of
medium height forming distinct
chimps.
Carabao grass Paspalum Every nodes of this grass can produce
conjugatum buds. It grows in a horizontal, suppress
the soil and the root penetrate tightly
within the soil.
Cogon Imperata cylindrica This type of grass is common to all,
specially in acidic soil in grows fast,
with narrow long leaves. The tuber is
the generating part of cogon grass.
Goose grass Eleusin Indica Gaertn Is a smooth or slightly hairy, tufted,
prostate to ascending annual grass 30-
90 cm tall. The white or pale green is
laterally flattened, smooth or with a
few long hairs along edges. The leaf
blade is flat or folded
 3-6 mm wide and 10-30 cm long.
The stem are branching in the base,
this types of grass is propagated by
feed.

Liftoralis Gand Fimbristalys miliacea An erect, tufted root, sedges 20-

70 cm tall. The stem is weak
flattened at the base and has 4-5
strong angles at the top.

Nees Leptochloa chinensis Is a strong tufted aquatic or semi

aquatic annual or short lived
perennial grass 30 to 1 m high.
 III. TYPES OF INSECTS
DRAGON FLY

Dragonflies are large and heavy-bodied insects. They usually hold their
wings open and flat when perched, just like the dragonfly in the picture
above. Their eyes are close together, often touching. Young dragonflies (or
Nymphs) develop in water and move by what looks like jet propulsion. 
 BEETLE

The diversity of beetles is very wide. They are found in all

major habitats, except marine and the polar regions. They
have many classes of ecological effects; there are particular
species that are adapted to practically every kind of diet.
 BED BUGS

The adult bed bug is oval and flat. They grow to only about a quarter of an inch
long. Bed bugs lack wings, so you won't see them flying around your bedroom.
Under cover of darkness, they crawl in search of blood, preferably from a
human. Bed bugs use a piercing, sucking proboscis to penetrate the skin of their
host. Adults are brown, but appear reddish-brown when engorged with blood.
Bed bug young look like smaller versions of their parents. First stage nymphs are
colorless; with each molt, the nymph darkens. White eggs measure less than 1
mm in length, and may be laid singly or in clusters of up to 50 eggs.
 CRICKET

The sound emitted by crickets is commonly referred to as chirping; the

scientific name is stridulation. Only the male crickets chirp. The sound is
emitted by the stridulatory organ, a large vein running along the bottom of
each wing, covered with "teeth" (serration) much like a comb. The chirping
sound is created by running the top of one wing along the teeth at the bottom
of the other wing. As he does this, the cricket also holds the wings up and
open, so that the wing membranes can act as acoustical sails. It is a popular
myth that the cricket chirps by rubbing its legs together.
 SHORT-HORN GRASSHOPPER

With the impressive ability to camouflage themselves in their environment, grasshoppers

are insects of the suborder Caelifera, in the order Orthoptera.Grasshoppers have
antennae that are almost always shorter than the body (sometimes filamentous), and
short ovipositors.A grasshopper’s reproductive system consists of the gonads, the ducts
which carry sexual products to the exterior, and accessory glands. In males, the testes
consist of a number of follicles which hold the spermatocytes as they mature and form
packets of elongated spermatozoa. After they are liberated in bundles, these
spermatozoa accumulate in the vesicula seminalis (vas deferens).
 PLANT HOPPER

A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha within the

Hemiptera. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and
other plants of their environment and from the fact that they often "hop" for
quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers. However,
planthoppers generally walk very slowly so as not to attract attention.
 BUGS

Though members of from one another, Hemipterans share common

characteristics. They are best defined by their mouthparts, which are modified
for piercing and sucking. Many members of Hemiptera feed on plant fluids like
sap, and require the ability to penetrate plant tissues. Some Hemipterans, like
aphids, can do considerable damage to plants by feeding in this way.

BEES

Play an important role in pollinating flowers and are the major

type of pollinator in ecosystem that contain flowering plants
 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTH

• Most butterflies affect the economy negatively . Some

species are a valuable economic result. the most
prominent example is that of the domesticated silkworm
moth, the larvae of which make their cocons out of silk.

ANTS
• There is their characteristics haplodiploid sex
determination system, whereby all males are
haploid and all females diploid.
 LOCUST

Locust swarms devastate crops and cause major agricultural

damage and attendant human misery—famine and
starvation. They occur in many parts of the world, but today
locusts are most destructive in sustenance farming regions
of Africa.
 ARACHNIDA
SPIDER

Spiders are not insects; spiders belong to the class Arachnida. Like all arachnids,
spiders have just two body parts, a cephalothorax and an abdomen. In spiders, these
two body regions join at a narrow waist, called a pedicel. The abdomen is soft and
unsegmented, while the cephalothorax is harder and includes the eight legs that
characterize spiders.
V. TYPES OF SOIL IN A GRASSLAND
On the top; blackish brown soil
 Subsoil; brown to yellow with mottle

BIOTIC ABIOTIC
WEEDS WATER
INSECTS WIND

ORGANISMS TEMPERATURE
REPTILES SOIL
ARACHNIDA HEAT
 VI. ENERGY FLOW
DAY TIME MID NIGHT

Water
evaporate

Thermal heat Water

Thermal heat
molecules

grass
grass
VII. INTERACTION OF POPULATION
COMPETITION:
Among plants is rampant in grassland, with sunlight,
water, nutrients , and space among the top things
worth fighting for another factor is the rate at which
the plants pollinate, the categories being annuals or
perennials, with annuals generally producing more,
smaller seeds are quick to colonize a disturbed area.
Grazing is also affects the competition, though,
herbivores eat the top competitors most often, thus
maintaining the variety of plant species found. The
harm of competition between the organism has the
less equipped plants dying out.
MUTUALISM:
flowering plants and bees where the flowers are
pollinated by the bees, where the flowers are pollinated
by the bees and bees are fed by the flowers. This
obviously benefits both parties, since the flowers may
spread and bees can eat.

COMMENSALISM:
The ground spider eat the bees.
PARASITISM:
Aphids suck the plant juice and then eventually died.
 VIII. LANDGRASS MAP

Small ruminant office

30 m

10 m Grass land

Banana culture
Bamboo
and nursery
Nursery center

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