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N.MUGUNDHAN
PALB8139
INTRODUCTION
Sucking Insects
Egg :
Eggs are deposited singly on pears and leaves (30 to 70).
Each egg is about the size of a pin head and is
translucent, gradually darkening as the egg nears hatching.
Eggs hatch in six to 14 days, depending on temperature.
Larva:
Full grown larva pinkish or creamy white with brown head
and pupates in the soil litter.
Codling moth overwinters as full-grown larvae within
thick, silken cocoons under loose scales of bark and in
soil or debris around the base of the tree.
Pupa:
crevices.
Adult:
margin.
Adult
Codling moth
Cydia pomonella
Pupa Egg
Larva
Symptoms of damage
It is a direct pest and hence causes severe damage to the fruit.
Neonate larva enters the fruit through calyx and feeds on
seed.
Infested fruits lose their shape and fall prematurely.
30 to 70 per cent pear fruits are rendered unmarketable.
Management
Mechanical Method :
All loose barks of trees scrapped off to remove
overwintering sites for the caterpillar.
Fallen fruits should be collected and buried deep in the
soil.
Bands of sacking(Gunny bags) or corrugated cardboard
can be tied round the tree trunks by late july till the end of
october to provide alternative over wintering sites for the
caterpillars.
These bands should be removed during the first week of
November and either burnt or immersed in a pail of
boiling water or kerosined water.
Biological Method :
Parasitoids: Trichogramma embryophagum,at the rate of 20000
adults per 50 trees.
Predators:Birds (grey tit, Parus major and Passer domesticus) play
an important role in pest suppression.
Chemical Method :
Well timed sprays of relatively safer insecticides are effective in
controlling Codling moth.Spray timings should be related to
moth catches in sex pheromone traps.
The pesticides that can be used are
Chlorpyriphos 0.02% @ 2ml/lit
Fenitrohion 0.02% @ 1 ml/lit
Diazinon 0.045% @ 1.5ml/lit
Malathion 0.05% @ 2ml/lit
Stem borer
Aeolesthes sarta (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)
1-2 Generations/year
Pupa
Egg
Larva
Symptoms of damage
Caused by grub and adult and the grub is more destructive.
Clear the holes with flexible wire and then insert 0.5gm
2 ml/lit.
Thrips
Taeniothrips sp, Thripidae ; Thysanoptera
Nymph Egg
6-15
days
Remove and destroy dead and dying fruit trees to ward off
borer infestation.
Prune and destroy the scale and borer infested twigs
/branches.
Collect and destroy the fallen fruits.
Clean the stem borer hole with flexible wire and apply the
recommended chemicals.
Install a light trap near the orchard to collect and kill the
beetles in kerosinized water.
Remove suckers from the interior of the trees, which
removes psylla eggs and nymphs and increases spray
coverage.
Biological Methods
While planting nursery make use of neem cakes which ward off any
soil pests.
larvae/tree.
Zoology studies.