INDIAN SCHOOL OF PHYSICS

HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS

PART 1

Champs ADV 2024

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 THERMAL PHYSICS ASSIGNEMT – INSP (NITIN SACHAN)
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE
1. Inner surface of a cylindrical shell of length and of material of thermal conductivity K is kept at
constant temperature T1 and outer surface of the cylinder is kept at constant temperature T2 such that

T1  T2  as shown in figure. Heat flows from inner surface to outer surface radially outward. Inner

and outer radii of the shell are R and 2R respectively. Due to lack of space this cylinder has to be
R
replaced by a smaller cylinder of length , inner and outer radii and R respectively and thermal
2 4
conductivity of material nK. If rate of radial outward heat flow remains same for same temperatures
of inner and outer surface T1 and T2 then find the value of n.

T1 T2

R
2R l

A)1 B) 2 C)3 D)4

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2. An ideal mono – atomic gas is trapped in a cylinder closed at its right end. The cylinder is divided
into two parts by a fixed heat – conducting partition and a piston that is to the left of the fixed partition.
The piston and walls of the cylinder cannot conduct heat. Masses of the gas in the left and right parts
are m1 and m2 . A force F applied on the piston is slowly increased, starting from some initial value.
What is the molar specific heat of the gas in the left part during this process?

3m1R 3m1R 3m2 R 3m2 R

A) B)  C) D) 
2m2 2m2 2m1 2m1
3. A sample of monatomic ideal gas is taken through the process shown in the V-T diagram of
the figure. At state A the pressure of the gas is p0, its volume is V0 and its temperature is T0.

V
D

B C

V0 A

T
T0 2T0 4T0 6T0

Find the volume at state E (not shown in the diagram) of the process for which it is true that the work
done by the gas during the processes A  E and E  D are equal.

5V0 5V0 9V0 9V0

A) B) C) D)
4 2 4 2

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4. A cycle followed by an engine (using one mole of an ideal gas in a cylinder with a piston) is shown in
figure. Heat exchanged by the engine, with the surroundings for each section of the cycle is

C   3 / 2 R  .
v

AB: Constant volume

BC: Constant pressure

CD: Adiabatic

DA: Constant pressure

P
B C
PB = PC

PA = PD D
A

VA =VB VC VD V

5
A) QAB  VA  PB  PA  , QBC   3 / 2  PB VC  VA  , QCD   5 / 2  PA VA  VD 
2

3
B) QAB  VA  PB  PA  , QBC   5 / 2  PB VC  VA  , QCD  0, QDA   5 / 2  PA VA  VD 
2

3
C) QAB  VA  PB  PA  , QBC   5 / 2  PB VC  VA  , QCD  0, QDA   3 / 2  PA VA  VD 
2

5
D) QAB  VA  PB  PA  , QBC   5 / 2  PB VC  VA  , QCD  0, QDA   5 / 2  PA VA  VD 
2
5. A current carrying wire heats a metal rod. The wire provides a constant power (P) to the rod. The metal
rod is enclosed in an insulated container. It is observed that the temperature (T) in the metal rod

 1

changes with time (t) as T  t   T0 1  t 4  where  is a constant with appropriate dimension
 
while T0 is a constant with dimension of temperature. The heat capacity of the metal is

4P  T  t   T0  4P  T  t   T0 
4

A) B)
4T02 4T02

4P  T  t   T0  4P  T  t   T0 
2 3

C) D)
4T02 4T04

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6. Two solid object of the same mass are supplied with heat at the same rate Q / t . The temperature
of the first object with latent heat L1 and specific heat capacity c1 changes according to graph-I on

the diagram. The temperature of the second object with latent heat L 2 and specific heat capacity c 2
changes according to graph 2 on the diagram. Based on what is shown on the graph, the latent heats
L1 and L 2 the specific heat capacities c1 and c 2 in solid state obey which of the following
relationships:

Temperature

Time

A) L1  L 2 ;c1  c 2 B) L1  L 2 ;c1  c 2

C) L 2  L1;c1  c 2 D) L 2  L1;c 2  c1

7. In the given figure a light rod of length 2 is pivoted at the middle and two strings are tied at its end
to two identical balls of mass m. the balls are completely immersed in liquid of density half of the
ball's density, at temperature T0 . The liquid in right container is heated to temperature 2T0 . To keep

equilibrium maintained a downward force F is applied perpendicular on the rod at a distance from
2
the pivot. If the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of ball is  and volume coefficient of
expansion of liquid is 6

 3T0  m  3T0 
A) F  mg   on the left of point B) F  g   on the left of point
 1  6  T0 2  1  6 T0

 6T0  mg  6T0 
C) F  mg   on the left of point D) F    on the left of point
 1  3 T0 2  1  3 T0

8. A non-conducting piston divides an adiabatic container into two equal parts such that piston is in
equilibrium and temperature on both sides is also same as T 0. Now 1st chamber is heated such that

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 piston moves very slowly until the volume of 2 nd chamber is reduced to 1/4th of the initial. In both the
chambers n moles of monoatomic gas is filled. (Take 24/3 = 2.5)
Column - I Column - II
Work done by gas of 1st chamber
P) 1) 27
nRT0
Final temperature of 2nd chamber
Q) 2) 5/2
T0
Final temperature of 1st chamber
R) 3) 9/4
T0
heat supplied to 1st chamber
S) 4) 35/2
nRT0
A) P-2, Q-2, R-4, S-1 B) P-3, Q-3, R-4, S-1
C) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 D) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE
9. As shown in the given figure, an ideal mono – atomic gas undergoes a quasi – static process
A  B  C  D  E  F  A . Here it is shown that how the amount ofheat Q given to the gas
varies with temperature T of the gas. Choose the correct statement(s) from the below
Q (in cal)
E D

B C

T (in K)
A F

A) In process AB, volume increases

B) In process CD, volume increases
C)In process DE, volume increases
D)In process EF, volume increases

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10. Two adiabatic processes involving a given amount of an ideal gas are plotted on a P-V diagram. A, B,
C and D are four points on these curves as shown in the diagram. AC is the line parallel to pressure
axis where as the volume at B is just smaller and at D is just more than that of volume at A by same
fraction. Which of the following statements are true?
P
B
C
D

A
V

A) Heat is given to system in the process AB and rejected by the system in the process AD but both
the magnitudes are same
B) Heat is given to the system in the process AB and is greater than the magnitude of heat involved in
the process AD
C) Heat is given to the system in the process AD and is lesser than the magnitude of heat involved in
the process AC
D) Heat is rejected by the system in the process AD and is lesser than the magnitude of heat involved
in the process AC
11. One mole of a diatomic gas is taken through a process A  B as shown in the figure. The gas obeys
the relation
QAB  WAB  O
P

B
6P0

P0 A

V
V0 4V0

A) the molar heat capacity for process AB is 5R/4

B) the heat supplied in the process is (5/2) PV
0 0

C) for A to B, temperature initially decreases and the increases

D) the temperature goes on increasing from A to B
12. An ideal monoatomic gas initially at  Po ,Vo , To  is first expanded isobarically to a volume 4V0 then

undergoes a polytropic process PV 3  constant, followed by an isothermal process to complete the

cycle as shown in the P- V diagram. Then

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 15
A) The heat supplied to the gas during the process AB is PV
0 0
2
B) The heat rejected by the gas during the process BC is 2PV
0 0

C) The heat rejected by the gas during the process BC is 3PV

0 0

3PV
D) The work done by the gas during the process BC is 0 0

2
dN
13. Graph shows a hypothetical speed distribution for a sample of N gas particle (for V  V0 ; 0)
dV

dN
dV

V0
speed V

A) The value of a V0 is 2N

B) The ratio Vavg/V0 is equal to 2/3

C) The ratio Vrms/V0 is equal to 1/ 2 .

D) Three fourth of the total particles has a speed between 0.5 V 0 and V0.
14. Two bodies of equal masses are heated at a uniform rate under identical conditions. The change in
temperature in the two cases is shown graphically.

A) The ratio of their specific heats in solid state is 1 : 3

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 B) The ratio of their specific heats in solid state is 1 : 2
C) The ratio of their latent heat is 2 : 1
D) The ratio of their latent heat is 4 : 1
15. The room heater can provide only 160 C in the room when the temperature outside is 200 c. It is not
warm and comfortable, that is why the electric stove with power of 1KW is also plugged in . Together
these two devices maintain the room temperature of 220 c. Determine the thermal power (kw)of the
heater(assume Newtons law of cooling is applicable)
16. According to Maxwell’s distribution of molecular speeds for the below graph drawn for two different
samples of gases A and B at temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, which of the following statements
is/are incorrect.

Gas(A)T1
 1 dN  Gas(A)T2
 , 
 N dv 
 

v

A) If T1  T2 , then molecular mass of gas B  M B  is greater than molecular mass of gas A  M A 

B) If molecular mass of gas A  M A  is equal to molecular mass of gas B  M B  , then T1  T2

C) If T1  T2 , then molecular mass of gas B  M B  is necessarily less than molecular mass of gas

A M A 

D) If gas A is O2 and gas B is N 2 ,then considering them to be ideal gases, T1 is necessarily less than

T2

17. A thermally insulated chamber of volume 2V0 is divided by a frictionless position of area S into two

equal parts A and B. Part A has an ideal gas at pressure P0 and temperature T0 and in part B is vacuum.
A massless spring of force constant k is connected with piston and the wall of the container as shown.
Initially spring is unstretched. Gas in chamber A is allowed to expand. Let in equilibrium spring is
compressed by x0 . Then

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 B

kx0
A) final pressure of the gas is
S

1 2
B) work done by the gas is kx0
2

1 2
C) Change in internal energy of the gas is kx0
2

D) temperature of the gas is decreased

18. A small particle of mass m moving inside a heavy, hollow and straight tube along the tube axis
undergoes elastic collision at two ends. The tube has no friction and it is closed at one end by a flat
surface while the other end is fitted with a heavy movable flat piston as shown in figure. When the
distance of the piston from closed end is L  L 0 the particle speed is v  v 0 . The piston is moved

dL
outward at a very low speed V such that V  v0 , where dL is the infinitesimal displacement of
L
the piston, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

A) The particle's kinetic energy becomes one fourth when the piston is moved outward from L 0 to

2L 0

B) After each collision with the piston, the particle speed decreases by 2V.

dL
C) If the piston moves outward by dL, the particle speed decreases by v
L
D) the rate at which the particle strikes the piston is V/2L

19. An ideal monotomic gas is confined in a cylinder A of volume V0 at pressure 2Patm . Cylinder is
connected to another cylinder B with the help of tube of negligible volume. The cylinder B is fitted
with movable piston, which can be adjusted from outside. Initially, piston is in contact with the left
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 wall of cylinder B. Now stop-cork is opened, this allows a very slow transfer of gas from cylinder A
to cylinder B. Cylinder A, B, connecting tube and piston are made of heat insulting material.

Gas
Stop cork

A B

A) final pressure of the gas in two cylinders is Patm

B) work done by total gas system is 0.6 Patm V0

C) work done by total gas system is Patm V0

D) decrease in internal energy of gas in cylinder-A is 1.5Patm V0

20. A box of volume 2V is divided in to two halves by a thin partition. The left side contains an ideal gas
at pressure Po and temperature T, and the right side is initially vacuum. A small hole of area A is
punched in the partition. Because the hole is small, we can assume the gases of the two sides are at
thermal equilibrium at any moment. If the number of particles (gas molecules or atoms) of the left
side per unit volume at t=0 is no, the numbers of particles of the left side per unit volume at the time t

8kT
are n1(t), P1 is the pressure in the left hand at an instant t, (average velocity v  ,where m is the
m
mass of each gas particle, Assume temperature T is constant on both sides)

Po  
  Avt 
no  
  Avt 
 
n (t )   1  e  2V 
 P1 (t )  1  e  2V 

A) 1
2  

B)
2  


no   Po  
  Avt    Avt 
 
n1 (t )  1  e  V 
 P1 (t )  1  e  V 

C)
2  

D)
2  

21. As shown in the figure the plot of PV/T versus P for 1.00 gm of oxygen gas at two different
temperatures. Then we have (R =8.31 J mole-1K-1)

A) the dotted line corresponds to ideal gas behavior

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 B) in the graph T1 >T2
C) value of PV/T where the curves meet on the y-axis is 0.26J/K
D) instead of oxygen if we use the same mass of hydrogen the y-intercept of two curves will still
remain the same
22. N moles of an ideal gas present in a rigid closed container having movable piston.

Number of collisions of molecules of a gas with wall of the container per sec per unit areal will:

A) Increase if temperature and volume both are doubled.

B) increase if temperature and volume both are halved.

C) Increase if pressure and temperature both are doubled.

D) Increase if pressure and temperature both are halved.

23. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken through a cyclic process ABCA as shown in V-T
diagram. During the process BC, VT = constant. Then

A) the heat supplied to the gas during the process AB is 1500R

B) the heat rejected by the gas during the process BC is 300R
C) the work done by the gas during the process BC is 600R
D) the work done by the gas during the process CA is 1200R
PARAGRAPH TYPE
Paragraph For Questions 24 and 25
A massless piston, which can move without friction, encloses a sample of helium in a vertical, thermally
insulated cylinder, which is closed at its bottom, and the cross – section of which is A = 2 dm 2 . Above the
piston there is a fixed stand to which an unstretched spring of spring constant 2000 N/m is attached, whose
bottom end is at a distance of 2 dm from the piston when the volume of the gas is v0  8 dm3 . The external

pressure is P0  105 Pa , g = 10 m / s 2 . The gas confined in the cylinder is heated slowly with an electric

heating element (1 dm = 101 m)

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 K Spring

B
P0 2 dm
A

gas
V0

heater

24. How much heat is supplied by the element till it reaches the spring
A) zero B) 600 J C) 8000 J D) 1000 J

25. How will the process look like on a P – V diagram

P P

A
B
B
A

V
A) B) V
P B
P

A
B

V V
C) D)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 26 to 27

A diathermic piston divides adiabatic cylinder of volume V o in to two equal parts as shown in the figure. Both
parts contain ideal monoatomic gases. The initial pressure and temperature of gas in left compartment are P o
and To while that in right compartment are 2Po and 2To. Initially the piston is kept fixed and the system is
allowed to acquire a state of thermal equilibrium.

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 P0 ,T0 2P0 ,2T0

26. The heat that flown from right compartment to left compartment before thermal equilibrium is
achieved is
3 3 2
A) PV
o o B) PoVo C) PoVo D) PoVo
4 8 3
27. If the pin which was keeping the piston fixed is removed and the piston is allowed to slide slowly such
that a state of mechanical equilibrium is achieved. The volume of left compartment when piston in
equilibrium is
3 1 1 2
A) Vo B) Vo C) Vo D) Vo
4 4 2 3
Paragraph for Questions 28 and 29:

The following graph shows the variation of the ln T versus

ln m is given, Where  is the wavelength
m

corresponding to which maximum number of photons are emitted and E is the energy emitted by the body per
second and T is the temperature. The intercept made by the line 1 on the Y-axis has length A.

lnT

P  C,? 

lnm
Line -1

28. What is the value of Wein’s displacement constant?

1 1
A) eA B) C) ln A D)
eA ln A

29. A black body is emitting radiations at certain temperature. If the radiation emitted by the body is
represented by point P on the line 1, then value of ordinate of point P is

A) C – A B) A – C C) A D) C

Paragraph for Questions 30 and 31

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Monoatomic gas is trapped in an adiabatic cylinder and is divided into two parts (part (i) and part (ii)) by
movable pistons A and B as shown in the figure. Piston A is adiabatic whereas piston B is highly conducting.
Both the pistons have same mass M such that Po A  Mg where ‘A’ is the area of cross section of both the

pistons and P0 is the atmospheric pressure. Both the pistons are connected via an ideal string. The system is

Mg
in equilibrium in the state shown with tension in the string  and both the parts of the gas having same
4
volume V0 and temperature T0 . Now heat is slowly supplied to the lower part of gas (between piston B and
cylinder) such that tension in the string becomes double. Then

Po

piston A
ideal string
(i)

piston B
(ii)

30. Ratio of number of moles in part (i) to the number of moles in part (ii) is
A) 1:2 B) 2:3 C) 3:4 D) 1:1
31. Total heat energy supplied to the system is
29 5 27 3
A) P0V0 B) P0 V0 C) P0 V0 D) P0 V0
24 4 40 2
10
Vf  V0
9
5 10V0 
Qnet  nCp T   V  3P0
2  9
0

5 V0 5P V
 3P0  0 0
2 9 6
5 3P V
Qnet  P0V0  0 0
6 8
20P0V0 29
  P0V0
24 24
Paragraph For Questions 32 and 33

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A fixed thermally conducting cylinder has a radius R and height L0 . The cylinder is open at its bottom and
has a small hole at its top. A piston of mass M at a distance L from the top surface is as shown in the figure.
The atmospheric pressure is P0 .
2R

L0

piston

32. The piston is now pulled out slowly and held at a distance 2L from the top. The pressure in the cylinder
between its top and the piston will then be

P0 P0 Mg P0 Mg
A) P0 B) C)  D) 
2 2  R2 2  R2
33. While the piston is at a distance 2L from the top, the hole at the top is sealed. The piston is then
released, to a position where it can stay in equilibrium. In this condition, the distance of the piston
from the top is

 2 P0 R 2   P0 R 2  Mg 
A)    2L  B)    2L 
  R 2
P0  Mg    R 2
P0 

 P0 R 2  Mg   P0 R 2 
C)    2L  D)    2L 
  R 2
P0    R 2
P0  Mg 
MATCHING TYPE

34. A monatomic ideal gas at pressure P0 & volume V0 can be made to undergo 4 different processes on
PV-diagram as shown. For each of the processes, match with entries in column-II. (Symbols have their
usual meanings)

2
1
P
P0 3

V  in m1 
V0

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 Column-I Column-II
A) process–1 P) Q + ve
B) process–2 Q) U + ve
C) process–3 R) W-ve
D) process–4 S) Temperature decreases
T) Q – ve
Matching 35 & 36.

Answer the following by appropriately matching the list based on the information given in the paragraph.

In a thermodynamic process on an ideal monatomic gas, the infinitesimal heat absorbed by the gas is given by
T ( X ) , where T is temperature of the system and  X is the infinitesimal change in a thermodynamic

3 T  V 
quantity X of the system. For a mole of monatomic ideal gas X  R ln    R ln   . Here, R is gas
2  TA   VA 
constant, V is volume of gas TA and VA are constants.

The List-I below gives some quantities involved in a process and List-II gives some possible values of these
quantities.

List – I List – II

Work done by the system in process 1

I) P) RT0 ln 2
1 2 3 3

1
II) Change in internal energy in process 1  2  3 Q) RT0
3

Heat absorbed by the system in process

III) R) RT0
1 2 3

4
IV) Heat absorbed by the system in process 1  2 S) RT0
3

1
T) RT0  3  ln 2 
3

5
U) RT0
6

35. If the process carried out on one mole of monatomic ideal gas is as shown in figure in the PV-diagram
1
with P0V0  RT0 , the correct match is
3

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 P
3P0 3
2
1
P0 2

V0 2V0 V

A) I-Q, II-R, III-S, IV-U B)I-Q,II-S,III-R,IV-U

C) I-Q, II-R, III-P, IV-U D) I-S, II-R, III-Q, IV-T

36. If the process is carried out on one mole of monatomic ideal gas is as shown in the TV-diagram with
1
P0V0  RT0 , the correct match is
3

T
T0 3

T0 1
2
3

V0 2V0

A) I-P, II-T, III-Q, IV-T

B)I-S,II-T,III-Q,IV-U
C) I-P, II-R, III-T, IV-S

D) I-P, II-R, III-T, IV-P

INTEGER TYPE

37. A certain planet of radius R is composed of a uniform material which generates net power P through
Q r3
radioactive decay. The heat conducted per second  P , where r is radial distance from centre.
t R3
This results in a temperature differential between the inside and outside of the planet as heat is
transferred from the interior to the surface. The rate of heat transfer inside is governed by conduction.
It is found that thermal conductivity k is constant for the planet. Assume that the planet is in a steady
state i.e., temperature depends on position, but does not depend on time. (Assuming black body

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 radiation and emissivity is 1). If TC and TS are temperatures at center and surface respectively. Then

 R mTSn
temperature difference TC  TS  fill value of  m  n  l 
lk

38. Between two isotherms we have a cycle as shown. The work done by the gas during the cycle is n (in
J). Find the value of n. (Take T 1= 1270C, T2 = 160 C, n = 1 mole)

T4 T1
P

T3
T2

V
39. The distance of the Earth from the Sun is 4 times that of the planet Mercury from the Sun. the
temperature of the Earth in radiative equilibrium with the Sun is 290 K. Find the radiative equilibrium
temperature of the Mercury (in Kelvin). Assume all three bodies to be the black bodies.
40. A massive weekly conducting metal cylinder (with closed bottom) of height h = 1 m, closed on top by
a moving piston contains an ideal gas. On top of the piston we gently put some weight. The piston
immediately dropped by x = 2.5 cm and over a long time it was seen that the piston comes down
another x '  1 cm . Determine the degree of freedom for the molecules of the gas. Room temperature
is constant, gas does not leak out. Use binomial approximation.

(For example: 1  x   1  nx for x  1 )

n

41. Heat is generated uniformly throughout the volume of a uniform solid sphere of radius 1 m. Heat
generated per unit volume is at rate 20 W / m 3 . The thermal conductivity of the spherical volume in
1
W / mK . The outer surface temperature of the sphere is maintained at 20 0C. If the temperature of
6
the centre of the sphere in degree centigrade is 10 T. Then find the value of T.

20  1
 20   40o C
1
6
6
42. A liquid at 30oC is poured very slowly in to a Calorimeter that is at temperature of 110 oC, The boiling
temperature of the liquid is 80oC. It is found that the first 5gm of the liquid completely evaporates.
After pouring another 80gm of the liquid the equilibrium temperature is found to be 50oC. The ratio
of the Latent heat of the liquid to its specific heat will be (nx 30oC), here n is an integer. Find n.
(neglect the heat exchange with surrounding)
43. A metal is heated in a furnace when sensor is kept above the metal surface to read the power radiated
P
(P) by the metal. The sensor has a scale that displays log 2   , where Po is a constant. When the
 Po 
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 metal surface is at a temperature of 487o C, the sensor shows a value1. Assume the emissivity of the
metallic surface remains constant. What is the value displayed by the sensor when the temperature of
the metal surface is raised to 27670C?
44. Helium gas whose volume is V1 =3 litres. Pressure is P1=4 x 105 Pa and temperature is T1=1092K is
separated from helium gas whose volume is V2=2 litres, Pressure is P2=2.5 x 105Pa and temperature is
T2 =1365K by a highly insulated wall of mass m = 2kg in an insulated cylinder. The partition wall is
released, it can move without friction. Find the maximum speed (in m/s expressed to the nearest
integer) acquired by the partition wall
(INFORMATION: 40.6=2.3, 2.50.6=1.73, 52/3=2.92,
45. A cylindrical rod of length L , thermal conductivity K and area of cross section A has one end in a
furnace maintained at constant temperature. The other end of the rod is exposed to surrounding. The
curved surface of the rod is well insulated from the surrounding. The surrounding temperature is To

and the furnace is maintained at T1  To  T1 .The exposed end of the rod is found to be slightly warmer

then the surrounding with its temperature maintained at T2  To  T2 ( T2 << To ).The exposed surface

 4e LTo3 
of the rod has emissivity ‘e’. Then we can show that in steady state T1    h  T2 .Where h
 K 
is an integer. Find h

46. A cylindrical vessel is divided in two parts by a fixed partition which is perfectly heat conducting. The
wall and piston are thermally insulated from surroundings. The left side contains 0.5 moles of gas with
Cv  2 R at temperature of 300 K. The right side contains 4 moles of mixture of gas with Cv  1.75R
V
at same temperature of 300 K. The piston compresses slowly the right side from volume of V0 to 0 .
4
4
Find the total change in internal energy of gases. If U  n  10 J , fill n in OMR Sheet (Take:
25
R S .I .unit )
3

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47. Hot oil is circulated through an insulated container with a wooden lid at the top whose conductivity is
K=0.149 Jm-1 K-1s-1, thickness is t = 5mm, emissivity is e = 0.6. Temperature of the top of the lid
remains constant at Tc = 127oC. If the ambient temperature is Ta= 27oC , calculate the rate of heat loss
17
per unit area (in Wm-2) only due to radiation from the lid. Stefan's constant is   X 108 in SI units:
3

Tc  127 o

Ta

Toil Hot oil

48. A solid sphere of density '  ' , specific heat capacity ‘C’ and radius ‘R’ is at an initial temperature 200
K. On allowing it to cool under the process of radiation then the time taken for it to cool to 100 K is
7RC
found to be , micro second. If '  ' is Stefan’s constant, then find the value of ‘K’. Assume the
K
surrounding temperature to be extremely small and emissivity of the outer surface of the sphere to be
unity

49. Water of mass ‘m’ and specific heat capacity ‘S’ is kept at 60 0 C inside a thick spherical shell of inner
C
and outer radii ‘a’ and ‘2a’ as shown. Thermal conductivity of the shell varies as k  , where ‘C’ is
r3
a constant and ‘r’ is the distance from the centre. The surrounding temperature is  0  300 C .If the time

 mSa 2 n3 
required to decrease the temperature of water from 60 0 C to 40 0 C is t  n   . Find the value
 8 C 
of ‘n’.

θo = 30o C

60o C 2a

K  Clr 3

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