et gould STATE DRIVES: UNIT: Electrical Daives. « Sntroduction to Ditives: 3) Whot is Drive? What is an Electrical Dove? ip Electrical OFFve system 2 Ovennew and Funchons. yy Advantages and Disadvantages Of Electrical Drives w Fations Mfecting the choice of Electricat Onives © Classification of Electrical parives. 4 System empolyed fos |) motion contre) | 1 + Requines prime movers r a [paives _empolying elearic rmotons -Eledne duive| | ' ' v = Fleatric doive employs sold ‘stake device- solid State Onives. Sotia state devices - Thyrittosis [power sémiconductos dediced- 4 Reactors, Magnetic amplifiers and theumonic gar wal Cony diccharge wall ote uiiticed for motion control befose the invention oF Power Semiconductor devices + Requinement oF the electoric deiive: \+ stable Operation : Moton speed torque chanactenistics - stable ‘2 Good Trantient nesponse: 1 Disturbance - Ketwin to its oxiginal condition: change-in speed - Attain Nevo operdting point teithout any loge overshoots-” a Classification of Dotivesy "Fe Generally daives ane classified into three guoups based on their development: \ Group Daives: Several gulps’ OF Mechanisms] Machines on One “Share dstiven foy one motos. Fg: Domestic mills. 7 : 3. Individual Dsives: Single motor dyives a given mechanism and does ‘all the jobs asocated with it. Fy: Lathe. ‘ 3. Multi- Motos Derives: Eath operation of the mechonism toke cake by seporate mons. Fg: Tavelling caone, Holling mills. : a Eledyical Dative system: oa | | Power | none Mada ] Modutaton [7 Moton al Control Unit: “Fnput Command - { ?) Source >) Pow Modulaton. % Electrical Moton: ¥) Control Unit. ») load. + Ports of an Electrical Dove: - N * Electrical Dave System ~ pants. Source ) Low power Daives- single phase- sone 2 High power Detives- Three phase source ( Exception: Troction Drives). » low and Medium power motons - 40ov and tess thon ce { High power motan- 33Kv. Gen, kv and higher Examples: 9 Rincalt and space applications - Yoda’ ‘Supply to acheive’ Maximum pour weight Dako for motors > Drives powered from! baktery: C6v.19vs B4v, UB And ov): D Soton fed drives Coc Supply- Space. and woke Pumping; 4 TASK 43 { 2 ‘ > Tind the type OF Soutce Voltage fox rain Line tradhon and “undeghound traction in ndia ( Location and sange)- » Power Modulator: . Functions oF powet modulotos: ii at , 1) The Power modulator modulates ; “Flow OF power from sounte to motos- the moton ic imported speed-torique chanoctenistics stequised by the Qoad- a) During tranvient Operations , Such as stositing, botaling and Speed several , it sestncts sounce and Toten Weents within Peunissible Values: 2) Convents - eledrical energy yom thé SOWNLE into foxm sultoote to me mts w Selects the Mode OF operation ~ motoring ! ‘poaning. a Buoond Classificotion: » Converters a) Noniable dmpedounces. 3) Saitening Gouuits. 4 When the power modulatos peifrns Fundien 3, it is called @ converter. The need fon converter arises when the nature of availole energy is different from. that mequised by the Load: * Power Modularom: Ae to DC -Conventexs + w Fixed votkage Vow a-pnase ac. Diode steuifien | Fixed valloge de. Counce natuxe-09. a 2 Fined voltage | Fallly- controned | Woriable volinge ac Vox: aphase at voltage.r —————————__ | + Moe contretted © |) Jakiouie vattnge de Thysisten stectihney Fixed voutoge — yon Ss phue ac * Noxiawye votinge ac ; —______ | ——— 1 Tiked Wettage | Trane homey cwith ode Sectitey 2. vanvaune veutnge de vom spe as ys a Fixed voltage de Fixed voltage { Diode sedtifver cheppes 4 Veriatie weinge de Vom aphoeac. © . . < — Fixed vournge | Redfern uith set | ajaiie voltage de on Sephase ac. Commutated devices gy Fred voutrge ac. c— c \ Nawable voltage de. eee de generator hy Fined vattege ac . j AILOMats, ae Diode ~ - -4e- Netiable ‘voltage dee Medtifiede Magnetic vee | Fixed votinge— | ‘i — i am PpliF or. Mecktil —» Veniable vol de. Vos &phoseac. L_Smeveer [medion a VY Fined voltage 3-phare —_./ Ampliak siable Velinge P i nes : igne Neniat ic % % BE to DE Converter Ccnoppeid: + ws CFixea De) — Chopper = Nenonte Be. * De bo AC Convetten (inverter: Fixed De 1 Inverter Fixed! variable AC vawatte ‘F** MC to AC Converter (ne Voltage Xequlatoos) Fixed 'f" fixed’v" Ac - —{ AC Voltage stequtaron _+ Voniatle 'V’ Fixed ‘6 * Re to AC Conventer C cydtocanvort ond Fined FV 5 nce af cydloconvettor » Voniabte* , Vowniadote v" | * Power Medulatom: Variable: Impedance: D Vorsintsle resistor = control OF lou cost de nd at dives ~ dynorme braking 2) Votiable sesicto - two of mosie step - control: manual oo austornatic Ccontactor) . ® blepless: Swith in parallel with xed seristanée -duly ohio OF switch: % igh, power application - stip Segulaker Cliguid aheostakt)- : 2) tndudone: Umit the stuxking UBGEnt oF ac motosr (tu! mone step): : 8) Old dsiver: Sakwrable Neackort - Steactance Ceontrolling 4 caporent oF the contro} iri * Power Modulator: Switching ds wits: ‘ » changing motes Connection - quadsant operotion: = Changing Motor crutit parameters ~ auromahe Staking 3) bperating at predetermined sequence % To operate! provide intertocking- To prevent maloperation | 5) Disconnect motor - BbNoxmal operating condition 4 Switching Operation - High Power electromagnene Selay ( Contactors) Thynistan- Cannot PHovide perfect isolation hettwedn stuxce and motor a pxogsammadle Jogic Controller: = Complicated sequenting and botaking - | cient %& EBlectrical Duive System - Pavts - Electrical Motor: © DC Motons - Series, Shunt. Comprunded. 2) Snduabion Motos - Squimnel= cage, wound soton,, Sine or 3) Synchronous Motons- Wound Field ond Pra uy Spedat moathies - Brushless bc, Stepper, SRM- a Trsx.a: Find ouk the rnojerr Companies sedated with daiver? Capplications). Example: Danfoss - AC darives - wate pumping applicahon- ® Electrical Dave System - Pants- Control Unit: } Controls the power modulator 2) Nahse depends on the Power modulaton used a Babad classification: 8 Semitonducton Convurter Controller: Consists OF Fisnrg catuits empobjng digital Intepeed raslts Ord transistons and a mic prdCesson (optional). | 2 bacilching Gouite Controller: Provides Sequencing and interlocking . solid state ray: axe ued. Pics we uted when Control is Complexx ndvantages and Disadvantages: Flewible contvol chonackeristics: The steady state and dynamic chan acteristics oF Aeckricat doves Can be shaped tn satisty toad equi xements - Reshaping is also possible to optimise performance Can automotically detect faults 2) Availaile in wide “ange oF toxque, speed and Powe \ + ay Elecericat motosis have high efficensy, Low no-toad Loses and Consideratcto choxt time overload Capacity. . A w Adaptawle to almost any epeiating condition such ap explosive and aadioattive, envisionment, Sulbmeged in Biquids and can be mounted On Gny axis. 5 Greene! alkeynakive to other prime movers. 5 » Gan Opetate in ah fowr quacsants oF the spoed- torque plane. Flectri cal borahin provides srnooth decelenakion incredring the life of equipment- Regenerative baking allows Considerable eNetgy Savings. ay No-warrming Up Necescory, can be started instantly and can Immediately ve fully Loaded. ‘ me 8 Fledrical eneigy Con be genexated and transmitted to the devised point economically Ond effiientty. a Disadvan tages: J) They Aeawste O. Continuous power supply - this is a significant, disad ventage in vehicle potopulsion if thexe is no power roll available. The Power supply equipment is bulky and needs to be on’ board 2) Sbutyakion OF ison and Cooling Mequinements make the’ electric’ motoss have Boren Power-weight Natio: x choosing an Electvicat dative: 1 Steady-State Operation Sequisements: Nakwie of specd-tosque® chonaconistres, speed seguiation, speed Stange, eFhiueny , duty cyde, , 4 quadrants’ oF operation. speed Auctuati ons , Xaling- i 2 Tramient Operation Nequixerants: Value of acceleration! deceleration, stevting, feaeauing, stevouing Pperosumance. 3. Sounce Requinements: Type, Capacity, Vortoge mognitude ond FLucuations, power Focton, haUTIONIcS, ability to accept stegeneraled Power W. Copites, Suunsing Gnd maintenance cost 5. space and weight stestrictions G. Envistonment and Socation® * A+ Retiabi lity. . a DyNamic oF Electric Daive Fundemental Texgue &quobion; A Load is dsiven by the moton, through Some transmission system: » load (on pants OF it) ~ brantlational motion on Motational motion (at various speeds iF thete ane mony ports) * “(ee 3) The motori-2oad system is stepmerented by an equivalent rotational system-Lod Gg LDH Vwiction tonque- Te Windage torque = Tie Nek tosique equation: Te Ww i tue ‘ Necomding to Newton's Pe Law of mohon (f= maa): Fema eagle | ‘ (nea motion F > mau Velen (conéttint mass ‘cystem; ‘din 0). it dt . a * Hohonat motion: T= (ru. Ue Taam, mat +O Cvoriadie inertia duivend 7: he Tem ¢ ene inextia daiver- ©. o Tae scpneeu dyramic tosique. ' VTS Tdm Gj | st | = Dative is Atedenated: Tr 1. & Dive te deaceteraked: Tre h & Dnive is in steady ciate: meh. 9) Yo Jonge inertia (eledkrie. train) myth. 2 Fast Kerponse ta tm>Th , inecha should be lesen. * Steady state stability:1 9) Equititpsium speed of a motos oad equale the Qoad tomque. “the duive will it ie the Speed OF equilibrium tem is Obkuned’ when motos tost ue oy 4 Operate in steady state. at this ree prvi Olmcy © het O Ime Om, @ tom 9 Tost Unetable drive Sytem ttaete drive Unutniote dna System * AT dt Ly Speed ie intremed 7 Obtaining the stable system. condition Set is a tae dt Atom ~Sreall distwibance in Speed. it 2 (Tear). (Te OD) Td (ums Blond Il. dt “Ts The den +O.THAT = Ta ats Tdm, Tdsum—- @ > dt dt Form © and @\ ay» ater Tdaum If a how: Tdawom . at. AT— ©, ot Gn atv. at, st). Avm +@ 6m dWm (& V4 Ata =/8T\, Atm ©. oes. dam (aoe), a -(& wu), aa dom dim, Fist otidex tinea differentiat equation. Ok; EO, AWmsd. or, to, Atom —> 0. © At point ©: ® when Speed 4s 3 Thi > Tm » when Speed fs 2 Tn >The © point ® has unstable opevation © at point ©: when speed 45: Tr> Ta ¥ when speed Ts: Thar tm ~ Point © jas state operation “Y= Fon Srable. operation. * Equivalent Values oF Duive Parameters: 2 a 7 “Gs : : eas ey ea sn LPL te loads With Sotabional motion: ) T y= Ane ‘oem, Oem Resunghion: Totot lose in the transmission system ane neglected: Rei a eee fiom 2 phim’. + Ti T The see = Tor Tor. ak Power of the Load and powen at the motes) must be same. “Pod the rnotor > Talim, Peak the Load (Tao, TH) > Thetdm + Thum , n- Slo efhicienyy of the gearing sytem, Noo, Taam » Tim 4 Tao w[Eres eee] Fon W Soads: T= Te + 42% + O83, 4---- 402 TR. ORT ge TER Il. nh wn: + Na Ta Thos Orta | Motom Rotational te tinean motion tranemission leads with tramfational motibn’ waren | fv Foue i | Kinckie energy due ty equivalent interias kinekic enengy of Vaniou ™Oving punts BTM = Tame L Mie Tin? = Ten? 4 Mv? T = To+ Mi Me\> et GR) é % Power ak the Moto and Joad ae same. Power ak the moter + Tun Power ot the toad : STe.tim. 7 : Power ak the transmission Ry Tom = Totoms Fi ot | bie, PM » dn Addition fo one Load directly coupled to the motos ‘hat, there one Joads with Waret ational motion with velocities inva, 3 - ~ Nm and maces ‘Ma, May Mia = --Mm " Stespéctively, on Ts Tes mas Mi 'm" othen + hn(ta T= Toe Fy Fave ee eeree Fiat, ole Tulom atom Tmt “Problems: , OA moto daives hos two Loads. One hae xotaklonal motion. a is coupled to the mots Unrough a steduution geak with aon and, eFFdenay oF aols. “The food har a moment oF india OF 10 kg-m2. and a bosque OF t0-K-m. othex toad hor taslationat motion and convists oF 1000 kg weight to be lifted up ak a uniform speed tsimls. Coupling between this Qoad ond’ motor Har on effiieny OF BS41¢. Motos has dn inertia oF o.akg-n' and “uns ok a constant speed OF Iyao sep. Determine equivalent Inertia nefoord to the motos, shaft’ Ghd Powe; developed by the retefee for Aetahionas Sead: DON Mee Meter, TH eho bger’ 4 Tees $0 them fon Tromlationat toad We teceeg) Vet cenley Mae Ose ORS: (Me MAS xp (Te 0: 8k Tom* « Motned), Ts Tes Tate my: Wey, BHM e ieuciuce | usmecci el . he Gre | ey y ' my Wade 2 . Tis oa s(Couarey + 1000 af 5 | w= OMeetS Keg- mn iat oo Tee OT FY O4n1 , 1000K9 1g m7 we, ea Otsre Tee WIE ROM Tem Ts Ouoas by mT] Power. Tae Wm = NE S08) Korn WUE TOR0 Power UeUNeRO TT @ A dow hos tre fileusng porxametee Te Nob get, Tite oan. Men, Partve Heed torque Ta 003M, Mr whene His the speed in opm Tritaty the dove ts opetating in Hendy. state. How it ic to be evened For this rretns thumaeuhe « Cnunged te Ts -180- ln, Nom: Cateutate the time of wove Cormitien Na. O4eKe 2 Te 100 - oy Ta. coem Rt Mendy store condition, TT. TT, 10-01% - 0.05m 0. N00» ots oe 66629 "pm. “tis pm : AL Deer, TT. -teo-0m. Te, 0088, TeTarG, 100-01 -0-051 <0 OIE. -108 We. 666-4 mprnll Fundenentos torque squaton! ‘Teta. Y.dwm Idiom a «We OIN- O58 Ta(ztt far): ~ 100-01 -0.08r Teme a. 100 0-469) a + BR (-toosoten) © FO. (1084s) + e + BONG Oat TNE~ASUQ- O.1NB23SN- 1 : an 95-49 - 0-14305N Na * or dee du . Ny *9549-0.1N3 235 Nv= 0-96 and Nas 04s %- 666% = ~ 633-4 xpm- 633 f an 95.49 - oO» G6eeq ASNT - Or1UBaaEN ‘ Totnteasnja + onuarssx 6834) -.tn(-95-4a ~ 666.4, Oa, W3a3s "| bie 1, an (taoae | 2 as-agall. 2. t= a5-A6esec IL Otu3aas ( Crear) © A dative har the fatlowing paraneters T- 1s0-d4ms hm, where N is the speed sxpm. Load todique = 100A. Anitfolly the dsive ic operating in steady state. 7.” chorackeristics of the goad torque are chonged to T= -f00, W-m. Calleudnte init, fi ‘ist " nak equilibsium speed. Under steacly stake condition, T-Ta~.0. " Vs0-0:1N 100-0. | N= (Solon) = S00 2¢pm, 4 AL Mevensors 7, 7100 Nem => Ty! -100 Asm- \s0- o4N 4100 =0. N= (s0/o1)= 2s00xpm- Ni> Soosepm ond Na= 2500 xprill. @ A motor daiives fur Loads, to have s.otaiionar motion and two Nuaslalionat min Moment of inedia oF the moton ir Irakg-m’ Motor suns at o speed oF F000 4pm Follewing ane the dekoils aloout the frum Loads: toad Type speed 4n exkio IMass fomque [Foe 6 Rotational R00 Mpm Seg rae fo Nem a Rotwionat pen Shae me cm . Vornl tog 2oN “TWormlational Ez lors: 2okg a) x “Wronntationas colentate the equivalent inextia of the system siefeied te the motor shat ord Power raking oF the moto, Oeuming negligible toss in the tranmmitsion system. ] Teor Gs tir vim wey “(| Te Gn, Gate, Fu | Fave wy Te Halim atmWm = VIN. BTxt000 _ 104.5149 Madian|sec- 60 60, worms Wi = OTHE. aTxBD _ Ao-quaq Sodio bec “oo eo Wma = Was BTN2 . aTIxade . 20.9439 Nadianisec- GO [ry Ors Gon. Ga and Gas Wine 202. ras a T= NO 4 (0)%x Ga) 4 (OHS + 10K T= 645356 kq-m?- % T= ORK 14 OARS + AOKID + BOxIO £4-99463 N-mll lowsiaa fou ta o power +Tax Wm + 446s x Hou TAT ¢3si10304 WII. ny * Mulkiquacrant operation of datives:t. io Quadrant 2 Guagront + v i Feouvand, brauing | ; Forward motoring... + Powe Peeve = Positive Sead tmrgue is opposite distedtion to the positive moton torque 4% Power developed by a motor = product of Epeed and toxque-i}- A toad base @ | tom sith empty cage | ® | Counten: weight |Counter weight > (higher than) Empty Coge- Counter weight < lower than) full £o0d coge. * Components of load Toxques: teas fmque tan be divided into the fe asing components: Mebhon Tr Te: oper, er coo the motos shoft and also. in vesrious ports of the deny * Thyee Components - viscous friction, cofomb Friction, standstll friction: @ Windage Toxque Ths: ; * then a moter suns, wind genoiates a testque Oppasing the motion % PAoPEERional ty Speed squared. Tio = Cust. (&9! fan, Aveplane). @ Tostque Heguined to de the useful mechanical Work, Ti: Nature of this torque depends on ponticalan opplicatien: ~The Malus OF Fition OF standstit is rth higher than the Valle OF Friction sigh, above Zen speed. — Friction ot sexo speed ts called sticHon om static Friction - 7 an onder for a drive to stat, the mot targié shoud be’ at S| Vortiation of Fridticn Tongue with sperd. 4 Teo * Friction tongue can be siesohed into three Components. © Viscous Friction TW: Voies Sineanty with Speed. Given by Tye Buim B is the viscous Aviation Coefticent. © Coulomls Friction: Te: Independent oF tpeed. : aA @® Toxque at standstill Te: Pxerent Only ok standstill and is not taken into Consideyation. duxing dynamic analysis, . a * Fon finite Speeds, Ta = W4WeTe4 To, -O Tas Ts Bum ate 4 Ctdek @ F % tn rad appteations » Ter Ct is You small compared ty pian ond negligible Compared to Tr: Simplifying the anotysis, bem (Te Gon!) te Crrsinge on ae vey updating the Value oF Visteu Friction Coefficent , 8, Sern By “4 ‘Substituting in Quokin a, Ta = Ti+ Bam. Ts Tali «Tt Blomae there is. tosssionat Aavtiaty in, shat coupling the foad to the motu, an additional Component called coupling toaque wily be potenent; ab is exporesied as Te =kebe- Where Ge isthe torsional. Angle OF Coupling ond ke is the Motakionat stfiness OF the ‘shaft (Hm|siad): ‘ : x Nakwe and classification oF Lond tosique! “ toad torque can be bieadly “dastifed into’ too types: $ tow 1. Adve load torque: 2. Passive Boad tosque. . + fetive Boad toques j gPokentiat to acneive the mao» under equilibsiium condition: ! ‘ 2 Retain their sign when the dineetion of daive sotation. is changed"! Frample’. Tosque due to gsowitationat foxte, tension, Compression and tovinns, Pasiive Soad tongue: ia : { oppose the motion and change the si Example: Frittion , Windoge. ign on. the, sevetsal of motion: Nature of Load tongue: , ‘ / i tow speed Hoist -tosgue constant - independent oF Speed. 2. load torque is Function oF Speed (rig.0d a High Speed heist ~ viscous Friction » windoge, Plovity- appreciable magnitude (Fig) On ten ° ma Ts Lo Te WO We wat ) High Speed hoist con ° LC ol __ 7, (©) Traction Sood (Constant Powe Loads - 'sWaction Qoad (Fig) ~ Leveled ground- position and Poth Followed. 2+ Constant powei Doad (Fig-4)- function oF Speed: Eaplanation: Natwe and dassifcotion of Load torques: D The rakune of toad tesque depends ona pastioulay applicohon. dn a tow speed ty the bosque is constant and independent of Speed. At Row speeds windege regligible- Therefore the net torque is Mainly due to gstarily,™ % These ane daives wher’ Coulomb frfctisn dominates over Other torque componsits, " + mill dive: Consequertty torque it independent oF ‘Speed as i 0 ane ipa Goilea + high Spee % Fig-0% Fant, Compuiesioni, aeroplanes; Centrhugal ‘Pumps, ison funtionsoF hoists, traction ete. one examples of the cae tohere nad. toute ‘Ss Fun hon OF Speed 4n fans, compuessem and aeroplanes, the windage, tahich is Gi Opposition Mfered toy Gis to motion, dominates, comequenty Lead tonzUe i+. preportional to Sauate OF the Speed. Similan hate of torique is observed ‘when the opposition is Offered: by Another Huid, ke water. % Fight Ina high Speed hoist, viccous Friction and windage also have appheciaile Magnitude, in addition to gsavity. in * Fige: @ trattion Load on. deviled gsiound has ‘dange stickion due bi hou mass. it” eto speed, met torque’ is moimy due to stiction “his stiction disappears at finite ‘Speed Gftex which windage and viscour Frithitn dominates! Suth drives equine motos trot can provide high stoxting torque. 4¢ the ground is Not tevel, then the dnive hay te negotiate upurid and dowonwosid’ on slopes, ‘therefine tongue due ‘to gravity is abo to be considered: : # Fig: A Coiler diver Load torque is a function bpeed: at develops Constint Powe Ot Necly aU specds. f PhatI cecilia UNTT-W: DG MOTOR DRIVES: 1 4 d¢ motom drives one used in applications Nequixing adjuctakte “peed. good Speed nequiations Gnd Frequent dynamic opevation- + Fg: RoWing mills, paper milk, wine twindere, hoists, mathine tools, tratkion, printing prestet, teatile mills, @xcovalmns and cranes. a Frackionad Me motos ane used as servo motos fon Positioning and tracking. Tea m rR “ smi @; O> Teka ®. Ox Wm. y- Bee ©8 Series motos: Ox keTe ©, B=r. kekeTo To ! Teikeke Teds @. ‘ Tas WF _ , | There wy lms VL Tare v kekeTa “Kekera | Kext¥a (keke) a en kenga” (keke Tal? eke To. {ssenes. — wip rated operation. * \ +| Sepetate 4) Noe “yempons (ay speed - torque canves. Te cb» Toque -Csvient cures OA Acov, 106A, sc00 pM shank motor has the oxmakune and field Mensttence OF os ang YOR Srenpectivedy. gk dk is constant ok mated stivesa Load where the toque is constapt ab >aled mobn tes Motos bosque. Colautate the moton. speed i the Sowxe elloge vas. Ga> Y2xhie da- 45 g, Ww 00 Given, that TL = constant: Tordy = Toate. Toa: Fond _ os O-845h,, + Paz oeich. Tar xg <= 10 neqaesall (ease ~ Teas oes T= Te+ Tay (3e= vie) (Te = 200/499 - 0. 5A) - T= 10-5 Gnd Tors 1005~-T¢ = to-s-o.5-=1on. | Ean: Ey = Vi - TarRa = 200 -Wortos) ¢ tasy, Fo Ve-TaaRa-n IS- (iarsy(o.s) > 16q-aes vile « BL Mos> Na> Bx Or an Fa GaN eae Nas 169-38 1 |" n0n9 = 1deyeaga Pm vac Oe3A ROSY DE shunt motor sunning at 1600 sip’ taser an oxmokune asvient of 16A- ~ ae is Mequined to Meduse the speed be Sto pm. whak must be the vate oF Sterictance tp be inserted in the Otmahne dauuie te the Osuginal ownahne seristane 16 pant Take the aumakae cument te be conttant dusung this process . Ne® Voto stp; Na = 600%pm_ N= a00Y and Ravo3n. Ta dbs. Ean Ey -V-TaRa = BO0- 1x02 = 144-6 vif Ea-V-TaRt ~ aoo- 'FAt = BOO-IeRE aus 1590.) ry 200-12@p = (184-6%0-6)- @90- 1eRt cS Re =U Gauya. Additions Meristance (R= Re~Ra> 46auy-0-3 = 4 30u4aTL DA _BP0N PE series moto mune at i860 pm Casdusice) and takes odsnahere went oF YOR when dsiving a food with a conttant torque. Renistantes of the atunakune and fda winding: ane 0.050 each: Find the mognitude and dintetion of rmotox speed and axmatune sanrent dt the moten teuminal i seveved and number of twns in had winding ic Seduced to asthe. Assume Aineax magnehic uscuuit- ob «era 2 Te kekere leks k= keke. Tek To? wy =e Ta? Tos &-0-83a2. i= To(constant toxgue). kas? = «C049 Tat. op - Zar ors) Faas Fa. C10, cece or Lor E LDN) =p Ed Toke.n Il & N= FoRa > 220 - 100(0.05 70-06). = atov. Ea> + (v-Taama) > - C2a0-10-2(0.05 +0-059) = - 208-z0VIl. Nos Ea, Tu ny aio 180 wo Tea -RORED OGeUNS 000 = HC s¢pm/pe © A Bs0v be “chunk motor Suunming at 1a sipm ho» an armature sevstence OF OSA. When Ene arumuhute uodent is Bon. IF the torque Kemoins unchanged. Find the speed ond oxmakne custent when the fed is Strength by rose), Mi = B50V.0 Nis 1200 4pm + Tar = eof. Ras0.s0-\ 1 Given that “Ga stasdrif <9 pot The tongue is constant. So; Ta = $2 Tay.C80) = ba (Toa) Toa goltas = cual Fr = 250- a0Cos) = aco-Wo = aovil Fa > 950 - 6u(o-s) = @50- 32 = aevil we know that, EX On ed a 11200 Ta ax NO Fie 20v and Fa » a\av 210 Ron me Ne Nas $R00K R18. ag6.s4xpm ato xvas AAG. S414 Hyp: © HW soov shunt motos sans ak its nasumar cpied of B50 sip Wher the Gamay Goetent is BOOA: The: Menictante of aAmahoe ic o1VA- Caleulake the speed when g deristance is interted in the field seducing the shunt Field f fore OF Nosenog Value Ond the armature ‘Govrent is 100A. Ei = V- Tara S00~ (200K043) = 4A VI wacvll. e Ea: V- Toora = S00- (rooxo4a) Fa > Ussulh EXONS do-0.8 pr. HL dum | fie aso | Fa “Gas OS GKNG Ne 8502 UN8 2 320,348 sepmll- rr \N2 > 380. 39 8 sep Speed Control : 7 + Speed con be controlled by amy oF the follocing methods, A. Armakoe Volloge control: 4 a. Fidld Flux Controb 3. Armakue Steristance conbrel + Ramakine Vellnge Control: High effivienty, good brensient menpone and good speed sugotion- provide speed Contyol only below bore Speed. a. Field Flux contol Speed.seguiation above staked speed. mye & 3. Atmohe Xeristance control Speed ts vanied’ by: wanting prot in entexnal resitoms thok one Connected. in feties;with adunakwie.ny RIMONIE Vite COIL Metin | wae W m8 ' eh Cone (8) operate Meee aw Was Contvat te m hn Nodaint ® a Cay bop wy Menahune Medstunte Contyol methods “Uncreasing te Na anos — Lo) bepovaaltty ewcited: te % Hewes on : ot 2 aby bates Ms te 6 bn Nara “ “tin Seniee ) Trswsing Ge Nabe (ey Series. Vege Ond power imitations In Combed axmatune Vottoge ond Fidd Controt 3, Ek Consinat tonaue ey Axmarune | 3 Vottage Control = ei — . Base speed Armabte Sonutant Foes oaks Pm Mitimum alltwable letd contro! Mavimum Speed. Constant pow itedSS OA aaoy, ——_—Sasss eee < ra iy en mn nd % 0.02 and ton Mespectively. The load tque i guen by Mpa obi 7 con Nom, wahoie Mis the speed in xpm. speeds below the ae ae by Og Volinge Contol Gnd Speeds anove the sated are oblnined bY ' : ®) Colzutake moter termina velkuge and axnakwie wrorent taken ae ae b) Catuttote field winding Voltoge and aunaboe usvent wher Ps Ws. Sn Noted Operation: © = v- Taka. WUT, E=kedtim «Ske = ump Tekepts - § x g1g = Ele. + Ome Om E = 920 ~ s00(0.0a) = arovi}. Ts BOX 500. IeaN-in. (See ee Fimst cond} font Speed at yso spe. TeTa; T= 2000 -alyse) = Hoo N-m- Ms Ty tans "x soo 3008] Te Tea ven Ean, ELM oy cas Neger = YO, a1 = 1StSUl) ee oy ore Nis Fas Taga > 1545 ¢(399v0-02) = 16U-08vll. Second condition: Speed ak SO spr. T = O00 - (3 s0) = 2000-1500 = S0oN-mi). Wm! = 2m O50) . sesuf, 0 Ts keg'ae’, ot S00 = keg'(Io) => keg’. Sor Ne Es Tera. 220 = keg! tm! + Tat Ras 220 = $00 x(18+5Y) 4 o.oaTa: ze (Ta'}? + 11000 Tat) + 1963500 «0. Te= NO818-sosAs (o4) Io = 1euqueA. Fed vottoge = aa Daen 2495 5 tei 39/f. kee 3. 3uas a Rated Operation: & = ke diam, keds Els ate 2uRas. Gm ~anxeoe 0 Z ke’: 500, 87 aAsuq. « oer Weeds kwwaren te He Stings oe Pee, ip th 5 ae Gre tan eae ole eH stants Te He Grane it o1e We watts Fron ts otis , wed te teins 2 ond cee Cee eg weston eee fe gn teetic are Terrrally commuted in poets te expsened © Tix so0-G tN. Nowe teens pao ond Akos Makes Ge sotinet by Manhew wings Grersi St Hp Carne stare the Boo FS Medings tetas Seapeckwdiy. ocambie the Toke, Teenie terert ond Spd when te creates opie ced to mow. Cukuicte He women sped orn whan Ces ois we AR, = HD~ 34s TT kza = So-owe- ke W338 Tag > SCO -0-3u3 8 Nas l8s2-R58p~" and Taa> asareag. | x Braking: Esaning Regenerative braking Dynamic Puaging (es) ts) Bhasin keveuS Eemal velage x Regnerative baraidn: EoWi Ta =-Wes generaked vetkye Vs supplied kak by the source. _ You _Sepesately De motors E=kedtom; WE e Tata . wns Y- Ro THe ke (keg)? % an De series motou, Regenerative teaking cunmot be whe. becane when the speed is 'intreased’, awmatune uoment and Kerefose the flux produced unilt als dcreares, So Esvand -Ue Te Cannot be achieved.Fepevately easived reed, Sender Mele; : oto KAS . " ®r0Kiog Boraking, S} Motosing — ———__J_ © Seperatery enced reton T of 4 “ c] (br sevion bobo fo eas td ma « bumin sith Vorale Oomasesns | To a feperaly exited. , ute fom " - Plugging | \ } motosing | [____, | a TT rier 6 7 Seperalety evsited _ Seis. © N_B20v, BOON, Goo Hpm de seperately excited motos hay oxmatwie rerisence oh oneaTe rotor armahore ic fed fiom o Varloble Vollage souree saith an internal stecistance of oo Coleulode the internat ‘Wolkage Of the! Variable’ Votloge souze when the robe & Operating in vegenerative bsaking’ at sot of the sated Motus botique and cop Rated operation: € > V-TaRa- E+ B0~ DOEAG.06 » BOBVI) & wo Foe EAE enh gan seul Ea * False > Toa + Ka: ex a00 = N= 156 - 160C0.0640.04) » WHov il: tee all@A AQOV OC serien motort sunsat 1900%pm (dotavie) ANd taker armature aostent OF tor when cowing a Loa with Oo Gnstont torques Reristantes OF the ormatue and fold winding: one 9-064 eorhs dt is operated under dynamic baking at bwice the grated torque And 8% xpm. Cutewate the value oF braking avurentand Smistwn assume Lhcon mognetic cisiawit: Th = kp Ta? Gnd Ta = kp Tad Toa to, ity + ave > textoon = wu . Ea Guy Eye keeTans ond Eg> kp Tanne Fas me Tug, ra Fv = 280 ~ 1ooco.0540.05) = B90 - 100/04) = 240 vil Fas B00, Met ais Caarssyyo Too.” Toe Dynamic botaking: Veo. ; E> Taa(ep +09 BBNSS = IMA (Re eon) RO = Vseal, Taa=Meupll es = seal @A Yaov, ae pm, 100R de sepeventeliy Excited motes ho» an Amobwie steristance oF Over MIS braked by Plugging From on initial Speed oF 1000 sep. Calewtake + Fw toad volue- ») Bnaking torque: Torque when the speed than fatten to 200. Rated- Operation: Es V-TaRa+ 220~- 1oxo5 ~ aisvll AE Yoo 21m; Ean; Bas NRKEL > 1000 cars = oRl.6s vl wr ano Eas par. o¢vil- DE = Ve TaRa+ RarRb. RosRa = Ee 22654220 = a aogasn To Boo Rb> BBoRas-Ra- Dadtas-oos = RIsvasall: Rb: a1seny Y b) T= ExTo , 2ON65%200 . Uas.3a03 Nem: vom exis) 60 Vi 280. aagacn. i « Resa @agras ‘ Teo, Ty TM oy TEs Taam + 9962, yas a903 Ta" Tos ay 308 Ta + MOR a Nam]. when +0. Ta =* Methods 0 Axmatune Voltage contol + . Voriabie. coumatine Vollnge fo speed control, starting, bwaking and SeieHsing 4, Mobs is obtained bby the Following method: Lahen the ‘supply ie nc: © Ward leonora Schemes. © Wansosemer with taps and uncondolied sedihien bsidge © stalic- Word- leonosd scheme gn centrelled vetiors hen the supply is De: chopper conte). % Word Leonond Darives: ES rae ae Supply. , S11 Controlled Uaconbolled ©») meatier, controlled seeker | Dieser | Engine Advantages: *& Smosth Speed Control. a 4 Ottadvant Operation: x Wide -Ronge oF speed control: Visodwontages: Qrete wy % Raditionol Machine is mequined, cart ie mone : a Th is tess due to move Loves. *aoet x% Modntainence is Sequixed Cdifiouty. x Weight and sige is mone due to E>M0tating «machines. | |fo power applicakions - autotvarafo net high power ceietione: THe with toppings ge x Tromhxmer and uncontiolied Hecker control: | | Uncontrolted eckibien (@) On tapa ©) Intermediate position (> On top 2. x Contral Meckifies fed DC datives: (a Single - phase fully Controlled sedtiFien ©) Single-prane halt -tonbolled seckiher. _— a ve re sounte Re founce———o aS . OP Phone Fully contyaed Reuiken: B Rana, Being angle = 5 Wr sina { ay yA {| aa wit pe] 39-5 an pistad * ut P-toad wt pi. Lead (continucus) \“q- = © ———ut . = eh einer Sept Tr Read, (continut ove) i —> 1 Read (co! CUNT Ri- Load continues (ows Mode OF operation. Fisingas angle = 60" For Continupan mode of cpembon a+n= B- 2 - Sriggening angle B- E2tinttion angle ~ -RL- boas discontinuess mode OF Operation. Fisung angle Fos ditcontinow rode Tee >p.ee single - phase fully. contrated commenter cath RUE loads * \ | Nab Wain 7 Ye | te] ‘i © Lite oe | | | ws | | Bo West entinuows) SS wT |** Wee Cais continnioun) wty ourput Gastent ¥ Average ol Voltage fos) Continuous rode: Hh anv wee | No > ot PUES (a simist diol ‘Totat Porioa a Tee aye > 2 ; + Vm (eo No = Fi [vm sinot dwt + Ye (- COnwt)y « Na - Yen (cord cose) s mecoce Il 1 a x Discontinuous Conduction Modes + Cain La dia. 4 © + Unbinuwots Roin + ta de > Nentintot + a. he peoEe : tok: . son ond penta tte Sve the oboe equation Using Complex function Complex funhien cs): ia (22.4 0)=0. Pai Te gin zy => da - OO ae Sin, = Rage <> ogy To" te Ba tas key e Te Vos by. Eta where Ta= a Portiuker dntegnats (Ps:4)- ia(2a.0): Vensinwt py, tas Mein . Ynsit (o- 88) [Gy] feesy] ee ios Vmdsinwot _ paVmsinwt ta. 5 te A Nim Dsinwt — Ravmrinwt nla psinot - RaVmsinwt ee ta toe . laa —— ee -w?. f)] ‘— (wrad® - (Rad? Ta 7S Nelo w Coswt - RaVmiinwe TER CofE + RaVmtinuat = (telay* = (Ra From the ampedance triangles Sings Wa , cos Re, tang. ula , tgs Ra, z z Re wie ZP= (wuad®s (Rad. u ja = Vinlaldcorwt © Ratnsiniot =e = Ra \insiniot ~za ia 2 RaVmntinwot ~ Vn tawcorsat! @) » : fo. Vm | Rasinwt — taweasot z z iF ‘ ion = Vm (sinwteosg— sing cast) 2 Sinfcose ~ COsAsing = sintmen.y / 1 i: nt fas Vd Qe g 6 te yt z Far sia > Ven sin twot-gy fo 07 z te iParticatan Soteqnat (Anas la ( me °): om seis we ole. tle ae Ceres Vera sins - #)ee) Vater) Crs etys Pray ; sm tate shee + VE into Fg \ @ L mail PA initial Canditions inner) <0 when ute ets sq stitute the intial Cartition at tquahen ®, : Oe yeh TTN, Uencut gy - & (vs) substitute gquaton® io O : WD, EN EL Me cintweigy- & z Te iatwry, Wer sin(wr-o) Fy It: Yen site gy] toto, gt 2 a” [kee nore: gtlfa, gelwta | fatwa zutecto: fate) + Yo [stato] - Es JE inte-a] @ EEE Vatwrr = Vm in tuto — 4 E, eres vn singe gia ee. = 2a . : Vatwt + Un sintwt 9) — Ven sinten eae E pers } = Fe 7 ‘, ah to ) : a) sine yo ots] we et coe AL Rinal Condition, facet? +o then wt = p. {ince + Ye (neo) = sin cwegy. gh DER) og EG POOR) 5 i es ieee AO B can ke colvetl by iterative method. A Wodlnge ddop eros: the armahere inductance due to de comporent of aunahure turorent is ge. Nae E+ Taka: * where To and Ve one a components of anmakmne unnent and aamchoe votingToe [ f Wn Sinatdat+ fedvt]: Mens] finns bt + foun) Vast ECEVncocery! + ewe *) ” ET Yn Coops Veco £ (140-9) cs va (tore. es gE (4+4-P) ° ~ teed Wque sdatin he seperately excited De’ more? [Nes essa 36 Sweatituke uation © in ejuation O: Slo cep) a E (t4e-p) =F 4 Take: oo. at bore equation fem Seperaisty excited moton: Tete aa. :¥ Ex kemtom; toms & (ca) eo KD Urtirinn ond dicentinies tt pumtteae Z- Tre ip eqyotion @, a: = (ein) — cin(y-9) gO) - EG. gmotay NOTE: E re 0 He ctinw oi Lise roy | patie (1. Selaked wren pe rsw fe Ye L cinco sy t)- sine ge Rr OURS] -£ “h eoeenese9], Lenettrme (yg Tt oleinena use M8), or, 2 ee = (= thee vkoe anetyy (erie) : ee . i pated = Voom cinteey [rag re | as ==] ~o,continyour mod speed < criticat épred Dicenbenrour modes specd > Cubtat Speed 4 toadiuttion Mode 1 Nae [ Vesinet diets s 200 toe “ \\ : Fo ated tesuque x 7" Vatiy- Contened eanwey 4 = eae, on 20. “ 12) Vo-e cuwe. {bo Motoscing . © > Regererative braking, Guadsant - 1 Quodrant - % sRumeiical problens eloted with single phase fully contvaled sectifiens A Boov, Gasxpm, ISOM seperately: excited dc moton har an*armature seritance & o-oo. At is Fed From a single phare fully contvlled xectiner wlth an ac cowue Votinge OF 920, SOl3. Aisume Continuo Condition. calewtate a) Fising ange fom Sated motos torque ond -co.xpm. by Fisting angie fon staked motos: bsgue and (-scosepm)s c) Motor speed fom <> 160" and mated tose. Nas am tore. © Pe mated’ Operation: E = U-Ta Ra: = R00 - (150x006) > IV Ful Nye, bee 4: ‘ a = MY sy Bae Re Bs 150 yi = 1es-atUV ll TER, Lowi’ = tes atavil Na=> E+ Jako Mas (Far Tam )s 163-444 (140x006) > 19 2-TY Y, . + Vaz y sm cosy ay cose > RAMU a EvesWen = aXe. = Vix 290. cose > ‘(es u ) o:et1ae “ Bs. 330 . = 30-3095" b) E at - soo Ea: FR. -500, + -logauas vil: pm ne «1 as Va: Fas Tara: Va = -109-1uag +(150% 0.06) + -foo.1uaevil “NOO-WWaR = AEX 220 EOcw. 7 (Ose + -0.soss =sfa = 120-4049, © Givens t= 160% Vas 2x Tex 220 Eo cig T ~186-1a4s- - 186.laus = E+ Lisox0.06) E = -186.19Us~ (1s0x0.06) = -195-19uS EB gi onle ay. Noo = INSU, gue = -SaREREI Np . a 7a Na = 893-8981 pm @ A 200%, ere pm, 150 A seperabely excited de motos hay on amare Heriskane OF 006A. at is Fed From a single Phare fully controlled sxeckiher with On ac counce Nolloge oF 220u, SoH. TF Ormohne cireuit Induckance oF Molo oF the drive ic o¢,,, Coleniate the motos torque fox ) a> Go Gnd £Peed * Loosepm:- Now externat inductance of emi is added te the aimatune cistuit to reduce the %egion OF discontinuous conduction: colewote the torque for ) a= 120° ANd cpeed = -4Oosipm . a : © astav and speéd > -Gooxpm. : Neots lve ones 0:06 __ x0® = o.a0y6. tang ela aso) to's; >. Viz ~ [Re (WIN, = [lo.06)? 4 (att (so) Co-esxis 9D? = 0.23364! B= kms es E Wome + YerRa sine. 9) Ekim Cor g = 0.2946 => G+ AH-336s Hated operation: E = V- Take + ado- Ctroxe.06) star, le ta Eo, — tN . aoeuy. = km. om (Gun : tame». TAAPROXOOE (sn eo. e336) |, 0-89 369K BOKUY * € MS = o- uae I.Wme = aB-334q Had/see Wme = 88-3749x 60. 884-3809 XPM. aT ° Givens Wom > 84s pm since, motos specd 1s gueaten than oitical speed, the daive is operating under distontnucur modo OF Operation: T= kia => Ta> Va-E. Ra Vas Vm (cose cog F (eee. Comp) +E (Me w-p). REGO spn: Eas Eix N22 tqix YOO = ea 3iqav. Ni Bag ' <(P~)cot Ye (since sy ~ singe gpa (PP CO) - E( glPweotey 4 i 4 = CB 60) COE A 3365° $ax2a0_ (sin B-94-33654) - sin(60247-3365%-€ ) o.B8 34 gaaua (,_ 5 (Peet 113366) ee 7 OUP -coneak 0.3968" = 60 cotTT BEE, | sin( P-a9-33600)_ Sin Gaa-asecn. @ | PED 8. ae GS. Sin (P-a3-360) 4 (o-agag wr-asyen h OO ORT 3368 + (P-60v0. 2ay6 > ber, Sin (B93. 336s)4 (15599). sae. Sin (B-49- 3366) 4 (iesaagy (EPROP TEMES , ha Sin (B-99. 3365) « (losaggy[ EO PMEP 09957] . 280 ff Sln( 8-99-3365) + 1699609 6 PEP 3g By solving p by iterakive method; we obtain B= 220-38 (esa coop) + E (te-p) ~ SABE (asta oH8RHa4) «SING (eM aaH KT 7 : a No= Na age vi]. To = "0-285-8u3w2 539. ¢99Ai] O06 T= kTa = 2.080Ux 532.899 = INOAaEHem pee [Fee sase nom] ta. ® tung = Wla 1 g. tea (' => GBs 86-1069% Ra. Re ' 3 cotp = (RL). O06 x!0° = ¢ ocxol wie DRMs50 (a40-85) ae Dae caine « [rece (Remon) - 0.495136 |) gE = kim, ke E = a0auy = Moen Wane = Fax22040-06 (in (1a0"- verceas)).[ 14 € | Oreangex VOGUY etter Wome + - 52-9409 How Hee ~~ s0s+sUER spell.‘ ¢peraken) 400 xpm > - S0e-sURAKpm ( discentinuEHy mode fa P' aeua vil. Me ~ doe xp: Eas Nae, — Noo, xis - SIT on Toned Y (sin tn-g) - sinta- gy. @ OP Cord Jo E (1- 2 =(P-4)C6EB) 0, e Ra = (B-120) 0-664 = TRx BAD | sin (190-56-1669) & p-ny0-067) O36 gaan (1-2 o-06 1 5 i = orossp 0. 06axtaox Te, -.y.iqaa- Sin( B-Be-leege) ~ Wa saq.e Pe 1% i = 0-069B o 4 Sin (B-86-I66qe) - ¢-u71006 & aga IP SINC B -96.16694)~ S-Urooe & “OCR 4 yigaa =O. Solwng tre abeve equation fx p by ienakve method (2¢ obtnin the value of B= 280-946" I|- Na = Vo ( cose-cosp) + £ (M4 P): 7 7 | | Nos Faxaan (castao cos aeo.que') + E (1 ome sever) a 7 10 + ~ 68-3985. Q.0u04 « -aa.sésau To = Vo-€ F653 4 89-31U2 = lea-ueaun Ra 0506 Ts ura 208d x Isa Ueay = 339. 6ISSKm T= 338. 61ssn-m ©) #190" ond epeed > - Geoxpm. 7 S02 stp < -\oDsiim: 6004p < - <0s-498 Ceoniviusin made of vyetatin) Ves 2¥e cosa + 228220 coriag? = -aq-03u2.0. *, 7 To+ Va-E (e5. a,8)- Ra My | Fa = -800 xq) = - 120. q41yvlh (asd To = ~99-03N8 + 10-44. s3azaq AT. “foe Te 9 084x S39.0991 = 11092655 Nem