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CSR => BI

A company's image is an asset that requires favorableness and familiarity as it creates an impact
on customer perceptions about the operations of the firm (Kang & James, 2004). A customer's
choice of purchase is influenced by perceived risk and benefit. Perceived risk, the anticipated
negative utility associated with purchasing a specific brand, might arise from a lack of product
understanding or ambiguity. (He & Lai, 2012). Due to the information asymmetry that always
exists between a business and its clients, it must employ signals to communicate the features of
its offerings and operations. (Chen & He, 2003). Customers may get signals from brands that
practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) that reassure them in their decision-making (He &
Lai, 2012). When a consumer assesses the quality of a product, CSR serves as an instance of an
"insurance policy" (Klein & Dawar, 2004). Furthermore, Lynch & de Chernatony (2004) noted
that emotional brand values are seen to be more resilient and less prone to be lost due to
competitive activities. As a result, CSR becomes an imperative emotional component of the
brand's image to continue operating in an increasingly competitive environment. (Ramesh et al.,
2018)

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