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Definition:-Non-Contractual(extra contractual),
Liability,(tort) Law is a law that gives remedy by
awarding compensation to the victim or ordering
restitution or injunction upon the wrongdoers,
When those interests, which are protected by the
Constitution and other laws, are violated, courts will
award a sum of money, known as damages
(compensation) for infringement of protected interest.
Alternatively, the court may issue injunction..
Elements of the definition
Remedy :-is a term of contract law as to mean awards
of damages or may be compensation.
Restitution :-returning the property to the rightful
owner or the monetary value of loss.
Injunction:-is an equitable remedy in the form of
court order that compels a party to do or refrain from
specific acts. Injunction is a court order given to the
defendant to refrain from doing something”.
PRINCPLES OF TORT LAW
1) Act- is a positive act of doing or committing
something which attracts a legal consequences. Art
2029 for e.g. Mohammed drives carelessly and hits
chala, a pedestrian and cause a personal injury.
Omission-is a failure to act which attracts a legal
consequences. Art 219 of RFC. parents should watch
over their child's health, take disciplinary measures.
Failure to do that amounts as omission as per Art 2051.
Cont…
2) Damage – is a harm either physical , economical,
psychological. But should exist.
Generally categorized as a material or moral.
Harms to a persons material interest affects his pocket
, while
Harm to his moral interests affects his feelings.
3)casual relationship b/n act , omission and damage.
Cont…
i.e. factual causal link b/n the attachable fact and the
ensuing damage. But the problem is( if what there are
different or several attachable cause participated in
more or less capacity?)
In this case each defendant is liable for the whole
harm.
E.g. bicycle from north direction motorcycle from
south direction, Sino truck from west direction and
bus from east direction collided at the center and hit
the pedestrian and finally the pedestrian passes away.
Chapter Two
The rights and interests which are
protected by FDRE constitution
The right to life (Art 15)
The right to security of a person (Art 16) e,g bodily
harm and assault.
The right to liberty(Art 17)e.g false imprisonment
The right to honor and reputation (Art 24) e,g
defamation.
The right to privacy (Art 26)include personal and
domicile as well as residence etc…
If the above rights are infringed or vioalated ,there are
remedies made available by different laws, one of
which is criminal law
Cont…
However the remedy provided under criminal law is
different because the latter gives a remedy by forcing
the tortfeasor (perpetrator, wrongdoer) to make that
damage good.
E.g. breaking somebody's cell phone.
Remedy by criminal law :-Art 689 (damage to property
-10 days -3years of imprisonment.
Remedy by tort law –replace the same model or make
it repair.
Chapter 4:-Comparison b/n law of
contract and tort law
Law of contract VS Law of tort
Emanate from agreement of Emanate from law.
two or more parties. Consent is not necessary.
Consent is necessary. No exception i.e. everybody is
There are certain peoples responsible for his own
exempted from performing action. even minors too cant
their part obligation. Art escape from liability by
2030(3)-317 -2099.for e.g. default.
minor To establish liability esp,for
To establish liability simply torts w/c requires fault
showing non-materialization ,establishing his fault is
of promise is enough. mandatory.
Cont…
Law of contract VS Law of tort