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They interference at a point, where the phase difference is 60°. What is the resultant amplitude ? (GGSIPU, Dec. 2009 (3 matis Solution. Given that a, = 1.00, a, =2.00 and p=60° We know that, the resultant amplitude R= aj +03 +2a,a,c05 @ = yl? +2? +2(1)(2) cos 60° =V14+442 =V7 =2.65 unit. Problem 4.2 Superimpose the following waves ¥1 =20sinet; y, =20sin(wt+60°) Show also the superimposition diagrammatically. IGGSIPU, Dec. 2013 reappear (3 marks) Solution. Given a, =20,a, =20 and 9 =60° =_ she resultant amplitude Rafa +a? 42a,a, cos = (20)? +20)? +2 %20%20% cos 60° = 400 + 400+400 =20V3 =20%1,732 =34.64= 35 rection | tan@=——2 7 _ Direction fan a, +a, cos@p v3 __20xsingoe —20* > y 204200560" 55 4594! 3 2 oetan[ 30° Resultant displacement Y =20V3 sin(wt+30°) for Y =20v3 sin(«t +30°) Scanned with CamScannerTyler fence, | DIS to 0) Weave Front Drew ios Of Maspli dele b Your DeMb&x ght Byp. D. 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We Vf divisor of Wave Fromb Mefted do Produ te Cohene Ssuntey of Ay he SuperP. yen = 3 38! | OK FF NI ha? RPMs. Problem 4.5 A biprism is placed at a distance of 5 cm from slit illuminated by sodium light of ‘wavelength 5890 A. Find the width of fringes observed in eyepiece at a distance of 75 cmt from biprism, given the distance between virtual sources is 0.005 cm. [GGSIPU, Oct. 2013 (2 marks) Solution. Givena=5em, 4=5890A, B=?, b=75cm, 2d=0.005em ‘The fringe width (8) is given as p= aD Max) 2d 2d 7 8 8 = 5890%10 “cm +75)em _ 5890x1080 yy 599810"? cm 0.005 em 0.005 4712 cm. w vgerniern Scanned with CamScannerLet © Post be equteltSlaud- . ee [ Teen weboug I, Conf) a py Cocke} > | © eg PP DEE ORD™ C8 PTE CeO = wet ae Ay, Pyfhaensh = Ses SB) Cap tS1PD C Sof SPD zu SPP) unc & So PhP) Hew Path Didfrwe = SyP—SyP a wed SyP ASP. WR AC Cuma (SoPaseP =D) Hey _ SrP-Syp = oS a UE pb Dd Por cong Hse. mh np os Do Rrage Nid BS ome Wt! 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In colour thin fil Given that: #=500 nm =50x10-7 m, ‘We know that : 2pt cos r= nih and fin cosr=4(1-sin? 7) For first order ie., n=1. a sin35°Y | pan f - =) | = (1 — 0186) =0.902 ie =2pt cosr=2«1.33%5.0x1077 «0.902 =1.199x107§ m = 12000 A (approx.) For second order ie., n=2 2utcosr Qe =ytcosr =1.33x5.0x10~? x0,902 =6000 A (approx.) For third order i.e., n=3 j, = 2uteosr _2x1.33x 5.0x1077 «0.902 5 = obtoeer ieee ; 5 = 4000 A (approx.) For fourth order ie., n=4 502 3000 A (approx) Hence 2, and 2, wavelengths of light in visible spectrum will be absent. 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ZAVBR ces = Scanned with CamScannerExample 4.14 In a Newton's ring experiment the diameters of 4th and 12th dark rings are 0.4 em eng 0.8 cm respectively. Deduce the diameter of 20th dark ring. {GGSIPU, Dec, 2011 ; Dec. 2012 (2.5 marks) Solution. In Newton’s ring experiment, Given that: =4; (m+n)=12,: m=8 D, =04cm and D,,,, =0.8cm The wavelength of sodium light using Newton's ring is 2 2 he Drnvn ~Dx 4mR or (0.8)? -(0.4)? = aap = 08-08" a) m We know that the diameter of nth dark ring in presence of air is 2 D? = 4nR > Dy =20(42R) (i) Putting the value of 44R from Eq. (i) in Eq. (ii) 20x[(08)’ - (0.4)"]_20 2 Dy == x12x04 = Dag =1.2.0m Problem 4.11 A Newton ring arrangement is used with a light sources of wavelength ?., = 6000 A and ‘hy =5000 A and itis found that the nth dark ring due to’, coincide with (n+ Dfkedark ring due fohy. Ifthe radius of curoature of curved surface of the lens is 90 cm, then find the diameter for the nth, dark ring for IGGSIPU, Sept. 2009 (3 marks)] Solution. 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A ah Cath)co4&- UI]) Te dapencly on Cast) baucheushred ay Specpsf Duet He Smallegb Wrerleg/y Ar{feronce. betwen Chere Qre fer Whe the Spectra) Dire Can Yaar be ReSo|urca| ") Aus nN dA WL) Dada badant of groteg Format Cocth ) Scanned with CamScanner6 Show that 5 anes 7 the te Order spectra is possible the width of grating cement is less than twice wee IGGSIPU, Dec. Solution. Given (a+b) <2, suppose (a+1)=@2-x); then aes a a reappear (3 marks)] (a+b)sinO = nd 9=90° for highest order (2A-x)= na 2ar-x n= which is less than 2 or it is first order spectra, Example 5.7 A parallel beam of light is made incident on a plane transmission diffraction grating of 15000 lines per inch and angle of 2nd order diffraction is found to be 45°, Calculate the wavelength of light used. IGGSIPU, Dec. 2015 reappear (4.5 marks)] Solution. Given : N =15000 lines/inch — lines/em, n=2, 0=45, A=? We know the grating formula, (a+b)sin@ =m or gw at )sind i) wi) Putting Eq, (i) in Eq, (9, we get 54 sin 45° _ 5997x10-5 =5987 A 15000%2 Example 5.8 A plane transmission grating has 15000 line per inch. What isthe highest order of the spectra ‘which can be eee for wavelength 6000 A? If opaque spaces are ‘exactly two times the transparent spaces, hich order of spectra will be absent ? IGGSIPU, Dec. 2015 reappear (3 marks)] Solution, N=15000 lines/inch .=6000 A =6.000x 10" cm 2 (a+b)= 5000 We know the grating formula (a+b)sin =m For highest order, sin@=1 5 i cee ne + n= oe ong 72529 (approximately) Hence the third order is highest order visible. Scanned with CamScannerProblem 5.7 A plane transmission grating having 6000 lines per cm used to obtai Nn a spectry light from a sodium light in the second order. Find the angular separation between the 7M 200 sodium ng (24 =5890 Aand 2, =5895 A). (GGSIPU, Dec. 20175 mats Solution. For diffraction grating, 1 1 7 7 (a+ b)= 2M =a MY Bi =5:890X10"7 m, 2, =5.896x1077 m (0, -9,)= angular separation between two spectral lines =? “s Condition for maxima, (a+b)sin nh (a+b)sin0, = mh, 390x 10-7 x 6000x100 44°59' and (a+b)sin®, = 1h, mh, =e arc = Oy = inf? 86107 wes00<10 Hence 8. Problem 6.14 A 20 cm long tube containing sugar solution is placed between crossed Nicols and illuminated with light of wavelength 6x 10-> om. If the specific rotation is 60°/dmigm/cm® and optical |, rotation produced is 12°, determine the strength of the solution, i [GGSIPU, Sept. 2011 (2 marks) ; Jan 2015 (3 marks)] Solution. The specific rotation S of a solution is given by - 8 sy: = Sh-ne Here, 6=12°, 1=2.0 dm and $= 60/dm/gm/cm? 12. =———=01 = 10%. Ca spo gp 704 emnlce Scanned with CamScannerProblem s.1 Diffraction pattern of a single slit of width 0.5 om is formed by a lens of focal length 40 cm. Calculate the distance between first dark and next bright fringe from the axis, 2= 4890 A . [GGSIPU, Sept. 2012 (3 marks) ; ‘Sept. 2013 reappear (4 marks)] Solution. For Fraunhofer diffraction through narrow single slit, given a=05cm=5x10~> m, f = focal length of lens =40 cm =0.4 m 2.= 4890 A =4.89x10"7 m Distance between first minima and first secondary maxima +: Condition for minima is written as asin = 1h => forn=1, sind=* and sind=7! a f 912x10-° m. +: Condition for secondary maxima is written as asind=@n+1) = forn=1, Hence 7 s 3x0.4x 4.89% 10 =5.868 x 1075 m 2x5.0x107 > (x, =x,) =1.956%10° m. Problem 6.5 A | thickness of the plane polarised light is incident on a quartz plate cut parallel to the axis. Calculate the leas ‘ Plate for which the o- and e-rays combine to form plane polarised light ssume that u, = 1.5533 and w, = 1.5442 and 2=5.4 x 10cm i IGGSIPU, Dec. 2015 (2 marks)] ‘olution. In this case the quartz pl: i ; plate must act as half wave plate. Thus if f be the requi thickness then we have , eee a -p,)t=> (um )t=5 or t-__* 2(h.- Ho) Putting the given values, we get __5.4x10~5em 2 (15533-15442) _54x1075cm = ET) 3107S cm. 20.0091 | Scanned with CamScannerExample 5.5 How many orders will be visible if the wavelength of an incident radiation is 5000 A and number of lines on the grating is 2620 per inch ? IGGSIPU, Dec. 2013 reappear (2 marks)] Solution. Given i =5000 A=5.0x107 cm, N =2620 LPI, then grating element (a+ b) a coy We know grating formula (a+b) sin = nh (for highest order 6 =90%), then (a+b) = mh. or ne) 2.54 1 =a Sos oH? Example 5.10 What is the least separation between wavelengths that can be resolved near 640 nm in ite second order, using diffraction grating that is 5 om wide and ruled with 32 lines per millimetre, [GGSIPU, Oct. 2013 (2 marks) Solution. Given 4=640 nm, n=2, N=32x50=1600, dd=? We know resolving power of grating is given by a au ane 7N _640x10-m _ 6400 a9 “354600 3200"70 ™ =2x10- m=2 A |, problem g.8 Deduce the missing order for double slits Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, if the slit widths 0.16 mm and they are 0.8 mm apart. IGGSIPU, Sept. 2011 (2 marks)] | Solution. Given that a=016mm ; b=0.8mm Ifabe the slit width and b the separation between slits ; the condition of missing order spectra 's given by atb_n am 0.16+08 1 016 m 0.96 _n 0.16 m n=6m=6, 12, 18, ... (m=1, 2,3, ...) Thus 6th, 12th, 18th, ... orders will be missing. Scanned with CamScannerq 6 Polentrabion! lag phen raise, hh Sa w ‘ opel abel Dageh one megpiche WO 8 Pi bghh? Te Unpolarises) dg We AS catlesl Polarisation ol okey an ordi hong Aught Prasad prergha toupreti cg oor yon He utbdheng Ghich, ene Syrometrted aaa divecton ©) Prepay chon. only tore Pars tavern hy Te obey sae Parallel bs CBSEU eg SPINS atts AB. Benn Bae direchen of Probe dry one_ Can fiard bo a Syeda Plane. 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