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I danas uvežbavamo množenje racionalnih brojeva. U oba oblika. Zadaci će biti uglavnom slični onim
iz prethodne dve lekcije.
Primer 1: Izračunaj:
9 12 15
a) 3 ⋅ (− ) = b) − 34,3 ⋅ (− 0,21 ) = c) − ⋅ (− 1,3 ) =
16 19 31
1
d) − 12,25 ⋅ 1000 = e) − 0,13 ⋅ 1 = f) 0,024 ⋅ (−7,6 ) =
39
a
Rešenje: Prebacujemo sve ili u oblik , ili u decimalni zapis. I pre nego što krenemo sa množenjem u
b
a
obliku , proveravamo da li je moguće nešto unakrsno skratiti.
b
3 3
9 12 57 12 3 3 3⋅3 9
a) 3 ⋅ (− )= ⋅ (− ) = + ⋅ (− ) = − =−
16 19 16 19 4 1 4⋅1 4
4 1
različiti znaci = minus
3
15 15 13 3 13 3 ⋅ 13 39
c) − ⋅ (−1,3 ) = − ⋅ (− ) = − ⋅ (− ) = + =
31 31 10 31 2 31 ⋅ 2 62
2
isti znaci = plus
d)
različiti znaci = minus
Primer 2: Izračunaj:
3
a) (− 3,1 + 2 ) ⋅ (− 0,17 + 1 ) =
4
4
b) 10 − 9 ⋅ (− 7,89 + 1 ) =
5
7
c) − 0,97 − 1,1 ⋅ | − 4 + |−0,7| | =
20
1 3 5
d) − + 2 ⋅ (− + 4 ⋅ ) =
2 4 6
a)
3 , 10
− 2 , 75
0 , 35
3 11
(− 3,1 + 2 ) ⋅ (− 0,17 + 1 ) = (− 3,1 + ) ⋅ (+ 0,83 ) = (− 3,1 + 2,75 ) ⋅ 0,83 =
4 4
1 , 00 4 2
− 0 , 17 2 2 => 11 : 4 biće konačan, pa delimo
0 , 83 1
11 : 4 = 2,75
- 8
30
- 28
(− 0,35 ) ⋅ (+ 0,83) = − 0,2905 20
- 20
0
= − 0,35 ⋅ 0,83 = − 0,2905
b)
7 , 89
− 1 , 80
6 , 09
4 9
10 − 9 ⋅ (− 7,89 + 1 ) = 10 − 9 ⋅ (− 7,89 + ) = 10 − 9 ⋅ (− 7,89 + 1,8) = 10 − 9 ⋅ (−6,09) =
5 5
9 : 5 = 1,8
- 5
40
- 40
0
= 10 + 54,81 = 64,81
10 , 00
+ 54 , 81
64 , 81
c)
7 87
− 0,97 − 1,1 ⋅ | − 4 + |−0,7| | = − 0,97 − 1,1 ⋅ | − + 0,7 | = − 0,97 − 1,1 ⋅ | −4,35 + 0,7 | =
20 20
4 , 35
− 0 , 70
20 2 3 , 65
10 2 => 87 : 20 biće konačan, pa delimo
5 5
1
87 : 20 = 4,35
- 80
70
- 60
100
- 100
0
2
1 3 5 1 3 4 5 1 3 2 5
− + 2 ⋅ (− + 4 ⋅ ) = − + 2 ⋅ (− + ⋅ ) = − + 2 ⋅ (− + ⋅ ) =
2 4 6 2 4 1 6 2 4 1 3
3
1
1 3 10 1 9 40 1 31 1 2 31
= − + 2 ⋅ (− + ) = − + 2 ⋅ (− + ) = − + 2 ⋅ (+ )=− + ⋅ =
2 4 3 2 12 12 2 12 2 1 12
6
1 1 31 1 31 3 31 28 14
=− + ⋅ =− + =− + =+ =
2 1 6 2 6 6 6 6 3
25 4
a) − 2,7 ⋅ (− )= b) 0,073 ⋅ (− 100 ) = c) − ⋅ (− 7,31 ) =
54 5
9
d) − 9,3 ⋅ 2,12 = e) − 1,9 ⋅ 2 = f) 0,03 ⋅ (− 4,1 ) =
38
5 2
a) (− 2 + 0,1) ⋅ (− 4 ) =
6 7
1
b) − 0,8 + 5 ⋅ (−2 − 1,21) =
4
1 1 1
b) − + 3 ⋅ (− − 3 ⋅ (− )) =
3 3 3