Memory Cell EditioN | DRY RUN NOTES Online MTLE Review by Doc Kriz & Sir Jayson

STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. Mannitol Salt Agar

Principle: Only Staphylococcus aureus can ferment mannitol in MSA
Inhibitor: ____________________

your name here, RMT

STAPHYLOCOCCUS | Pathologic Significance
CHO: ____________________
Q1: Which of the following organisms causes endocarditis after a pH Indic: ____________________
prosthetic heart valve insertion? Positive: Golden Yellow Halo Colonies;
a. S. aureus c. S. epidermidis Most non-pathogenic Staphylococci will __________ Mannitol
b. S. pyogenes d. S. saprophyticus

Remember Me!
S. epidermidis - Normal Flora of Skin; Opportunistic Infection w/c
causes the following:
(1) Hospital Acquired UTI, (2) Blood Culture Contam, (3) Endocarditis
S. aureus - TSS among women who uses Tampons
S. saprophyticus - UTI among sexually active young women

STAPHYLOCOCCUS | Biochemical Test

Q2: An organism which appears gram positive cocci tested catalase
positive. What test should be done next to confer identity?
a. Bacitracin Test c. Novobiocin Test
b. Hippurate Hydrolysis Test d. Coagulase Test

Remember Me!
Catalase Test
Purpose: Differentiates ________________ from ____________________
Principle: 3% H2O2 ---(catalase)--> H2O + O2 = Effervescence/Bubbling
Reagent: ___________________________
Positive: Staphylococcus spp.

Coagulase Test
Purpose: Differentiates S. aureus from other CONS
Principle: Fibrinogen in Plasma ---(coagulase)--> Fibrin Clot
Reagent: _________________ (drop and wait for 5-10 minutes)
Types: __________________ : (+) Clumping - detects clumping factor
__________________ : (+) Clot formation
Procedure: Perform Slide Coagulase First, if Negative, Perform Tube Coag
Incubate 37OC Tube Coag w/in 4 hrs, check for Clot Formation,
if Negative: _____________________________
Positive: Staphylococcus aureus

Novobiocin Test
Purpose: Differentiates ___________________ from __________________
Principle: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using Novobiocin Disk
Reagent: ____________________________________
Sensitive: S. epidermidis (>16 mm Inhibition)

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Memory Cell EditioN | DRY RUN NOTES Online MTLE Review by Doc Kriz & Sir Jayson

HEMOSTASIS BLEEDING TIME - measures the time required for bleeding to stop from a
superficial skin incision; in vivo screening test for platelet function
1. _____________ - fingertip or earlobe is punctured

your name here, RMT

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION | Primary Hemostasis
2. _____________ - blood pressure cuff inflated at 40 mmHg; forearm is
Q1: What is the normal value of the template bleeding time? punctured
a. 2 to 9 minutes c. 6 to 10 minutes 3. _____________ - uses a template to make skin incision with standard
b. 3 to 6 minutes d. All of the above depth and width
NORMAL VALUES: 2 to 9 minutes (universally accepted)
Remember Me! __________________ - Ivy method
QUANTITATIVE TEST - _________________________________________________ __________________ - Template bleeding time
QUALITATIVE TESTS - __________________________________________________ PROLONGED in: ______________________________________________________

PLATELET COUNT ____________________________ - in vitro method for assessing and screening

Methods: Manual and Automated platelet function; measures closure time
Normal value: _______________________________
______________________________ - decrease in platelet count ____________________________ - gold standard test to determine platelet
______________________________ - increase in platelet count function
CAUSES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA Reagents: _______________________________________
1. Decreased production Tubes used: ____________________________________
________________________ - decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets Results: ________________________________________
________________________ - selective suppression of megakaryocytes
________________________ - space-occupying lesion in the bone CLOT RETRACTION TIME
marrow; normal cells are replaced by abnormal cells; POOR Methods: Castor oil/Hirschboeck, Stefanini, MacFarlane
CORRELATION between the number of bone marrow
megakaryocytes and platelet count in myelophthisic processes CAPILLARY FRAGILITY TEST - aka _______________________________________
2. Increased destruction Correlates with degree of thrombocytopenia
________________________ - happens in extensive blood transfusion
where degree of thrombocytopenia is _________________________ to HEPARIN ASSOCIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA TEST (HATT)
the number of units transfused If heparin induced antibody is present, platelet aggregation will occur in
________________________ - massive consumption of platelets and the presence of heparin
coagulation factors
________________________ - autoantibodies directed to platelets
_________ - most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children;
acquired after a viral disease
_________ - occurs in adults
3. Splenomegaly

CAUSES OF THROMBOCYTOSIS
1. Primary (autonomous) - uncontrolled proliferation of platelets
2. Secondary (reactive) - usually transient
Iron deficiency, acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia, splenectomy

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