1

Table of Contents

​ Introduction
● 1.1 Overview of IELTS Essay Writing
● 1.2 Importance of Using the Right Words and Phrases
​ Useful Words to Write an Introduction
● 2.1 Starting Your Essay
● 2.2 Phrases to Set the Context
​ Useful Phrases to Give Reasons
● 3.1 Articulating Causes and Reasons
● 3.2 Enhancing Argumentative Clarity
​ Useful Phrases to Give Solutions
● 4.1 Proposing Solutions and Remedies
● 4.2 Structuring Solution-oriented Sentences
​ Useful Phrases to Give Examples
● 5.1 Illustrating Points Effectively
● 5.2 Words for Example Introduction
​ Useful Phrases to Give Counter Arguments
● 6.1 Presenting Opposing Views
● 6.2 Balancing Arguments in Essays
​ Useful Phrases to Show Insufficiency
● 7.1 Expressing Limitations and Shortcomings
● 7.2 Highlighting Areas of Lack
​ Using Conditionals
● 8.1 Formulating Hypothetical Scenarios
● 8.2 Conditional Structures in Essay Writing
​ How to Introduce the Main Reason
● 9.1 Structuring the Central Argument
● 9.2 Key Phrases for Main Points
​ Useful Phrases for Conclusion
● 10.1 Concluding Your Essay
● 10.2 Phrases for Effective Summarization
​ Conclusion
● 11.1 Final Thoughts
● 11.2 How to Utilise This Guide Effectively
​
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Chapter 1

1.1 Overview of IELTS Essay Writing

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a widely recognized
test that assesses the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers.
One of the key components of IELTS is the Writing Task, particularly the essay writing
section. This task tests your ability to write a coherent and cogent essay in response
to a specific prompt.

Essay writing in IELTS requires a clear understanding of the prompt, the ability to
organise ideas logically, and the skill to express these ideas effectively. The essay
should have a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It is evaluated
based on various criteria, including task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical
resource, and grammatical range and accuracy.

1.2 Importance of Using the Right Words and Phrases

Using the right words and phrases is crucial in IELTS essay writing as it directly
impacts your score in the 'lexical resource' criterion. Lexical resource refers to the
range of vocabulary a test-taker uses and its appropriateness in the context of the
essay.

Effective use of vocabulary enhances the clarity of your argument and helps in
making your essay more persuasive and engaging. It also demonstrates your
language proficiency, which is a key aspect of the IELTS assessment. Moreover,
varied and precise vocabulary helps in structuring the essay more coherently, making
your ideas more comprehensible and logically presented.

In the following sections, we will explore specific words and phrases that can be
used in various parts of an IELTS essay to improve your lexical resource and overall
writing score.
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Chapter 2
Useful Words to Write an Introduction

2.1 Starting Your Essay

The introduction is an essential part of your IELTS essay. It sets the stage for your
argument or discussion. A well-crafted introduction captures the reader’s attention
and clearly indicates the direction of your essay.

When beginning your essay, address the essay prompt directly. Start by paraphrasing
the question or statement. This shows your understanding and ability to rephrase the
topic using varied language. Then, briefly outline the main points your essay will
cover.

Example:
If the essay prompt is, "Discuss the impact of social media on young people," your
opening could be:

"In recent years, social media has become a pivotal aspect of young people's lives.
This essay will explore its multifaceted impact, particularly focusing on social
interaction and psychological well-being."

2.2 Phrases to Set the Context

Effective context setting in your introduction involves phrases that introduce the
topic and present your stance. Here are some phrases and examples:

​ Introducing the Topic:

● "This essay discusses..."
● e.g., "This essay discusses the environmental consequences of
urban sprawl."
● "The issue of [topic] is of great significance..."
● e.g., "The issue of climate change is of great significance in
contemporary society."
● "In the realm of [topic], it is commonly believed that..."
● e.g., "In the realm of economics, it is commonly believed that
market fluctuations are inevitable."
​
​
​
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​ Presenting Your Stance:

● "This essay argues that..."
● e.g., "This essay argues that renewable energy is the key to
sustainable development."
● "The standpoint of this essay is..."
● e.g., "The standpoint of this essay is that mandatory recycling
laws are essential for urban centers."
● "It is posited here that..."
● e.g., "It is posited here that digital literacy is as crucial as
traditional literacy in modern education."
​
​ Highlighting Importance:
● "The criticality of [topic] cannot be understated..."
● e.g., "The criticality of preserving biodiversity cannot be
understated."
● "Considering [topic] is essential due to its impact on..."
● e.g., "Considering alternative energy sources is essential due to
its impact on global sustainability."
● "Given its importance, [topic] warrants thorough discussion..."
● e.g., "Given its importance, the topic of mental health in the
workplace warrants thorough discussion."
​
​ Setting the Stage for Discussion:
● "To understand [topic], one must consider..."
● e.g., "To understand the rise of artificial intelligence, one must
consider both technological advances and ethical implications."
● "A multifaceted perspective on [topic] reveals..."
● e.g., "A multifaceted perspective on global migration reveals
complex socio-economic dynamics."
● "Exploring [topic] leads to insights regarding..."
● e.g., "Exploring urban planning leads to insights regarding
community development and environmental sustainability."
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Chapter 3

Useful Phrases to Give Reasons

In IELTS essays, clearly articulating reasons for your arguments is crucial. It enhances the
persuasive power of your essay and demonstrates your ability to analyse and explain. Here
are some useful phrases for giving reasons, accompanied by examples:
Articulating Causes and Reasons:
​
​ Phrases for Causes:
● "This is largely due to..."
● e.g., "The decline in urban air quality is largely due to increased
vehicular emissions."
● "The primary cause of this is..."
● e.g., "The primary cause of this economic downturn is the global shift
in market dynamics."
● "A significant factor contributing to this is..."
● e.g., "A significant factor contributing to this social change is the rapid
advancement of digital technology."
​
​ Phrases for Direct Reasons:
● "This can be attributed to..."
● e.g., "The rise in global temperatures can be attributed to industrial
activities and greenhouse gas emissions."
● "The reason for this is..."
● e.g., "The reason for this increase in online education is the
accessibility and flexibility it offers."
● "One key reason is..."
● e.g., "One key reason for the decline in physical bookstore popularity is
the advent of digital e-books."

3.2 Enhancing Argumentative Clarity:

To enhance the clarity of your arguments, it's important to link your reasons to your main
point directly and concisely. This makes your essay more coherent and understandable.
​ Linking Reasons to Points:
● "Given that [reason], it is evident that..."
● e.g., "Given that renewable energy sources are becoming more
cost-effective, it is evident that they will dominate future energy
markets."
● "This explains why..."
● e.g., "This explains why there has been a surge in remote working
arrangements in recent years."
● "As a result of [reason], it follows that..."
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● e.g., "As a result of increased awareness of environmental issues, it

follows that more consumers are choosing sustainable products."

Chapter 4

Useful Phrases to Give Solutions

In IELTS essays, especially in problem-solution or argumentative essays, proposing
solutions or remedies is a key component. Clearly articulating solutions not only
showcases your problem-solving skills but also enhances the practical aspect of
your argument.

4.1 Proposing Solutions and Remedies:

​ General Phrases for Proposing Solutions:

● "A possible solution to this issue is..."
● e.g., "A possible solution to this issue of urban congestion is the
development of efficient public transportation systems."
● "To combat this problem, one effective strategy could be..."
● e.g., "To combat this problem of deforestation, one effective
strategy could be implementing stricter environmental
regulations."
● "An effective remedy for this would be..."
● e.g., "An effective remedy for this decline in literacy rates would
be the integration of more interactive learning methods in
schools."
​ Phrases for Specific Solutions:
● "One practical approach is..."
● e.g., "One practical approach to reducing carbon emissions is the
promotion of renewable energy sources like solar and wind
power."
● "A viable solution for this is..."
● e.g., "A viable solution for managing electronic waste is the
establishment of comprehensive recycling programs."
● "To address this, it is recommended that..."
● e.g., "To address this, it is recommended that communities
implement local conservation initiatives to preserve natural
habitats."
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4.2 Structuring Solution-oriented Sentences:

To structure sentences that focus on solutions, it's important to directly link the
solution to the problem discussed and ensure the sentence flows logically from the
issue to the proposed remedy.

​ Linking Solutions to Problems:

● "Given the issue of [problem], the solution of [solution] could be highly
effective."
● e.g., "Given the issue of rising sea levels, the solution of
constructing flood barriers could be highly effective."
● "Considering [problem], implementing [solution] would be a
constructive step."
● e.g., "Considering the growing digital divide, implementing
broader internet access programs would be a constructive step."
● "To alleviate [problem], [solution] should be considered."
● e.g., "To alleviate traffic congestion, carpooling initiatives should
be considered."

These phrases and sentence structures assist in clearly proposing solutions, making
your essay solutions-focused and forward-thinking.

Chapter 5

Useful Phrases to Give Examples

In IELTS essays, providing examples is a powerful way to illustrate your points and
strengthen your arguments. Effective use of examples makes your writing more
convincing and relatable to the reader.
Illustrating Points Effectively:
When you want to illustrate a point with an example, it's important to introduce it in a
way that clearly shows it's an example and how it relates to your argument. Here are
some phrases to do this effectively:
​
5.1 General Phrases for Introducing Examples:
● "For instance,"
● e.g., "For instance, the success of renewable energy projects in
countries like Denmark serves as a strong argument for
investing in green technologies."
● "To illustrate this point,"
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● e.g., "To illustrate this point, consider the rapid growth of the
tech industry in Silicon Valley."
● "A prime example of this is"
● e.g., "A prime example of this is the significant reduction in air
pollution levels witnessed in cities during lockdown periods."
​
​ Specific Example Introduction:
● "One notable example is..."
● e.g., "One notable example is the implementation of plastic ban
policies in Rwanda, which drastically reduced environmental
pollution."
● "An example that highlights this is..."
● e.g., "An example that highlights this is the increased life
expectancy in countries with advanced healthcare systems."
● "As evidenced by..."
● e.g., "As evidenced by the rapid development of digital banking,
financial technology is revolutionising traditional banking
practices."

5.2 Words for Example Introduction:

In addition to these phrases, certain introductory words can set the stage for an
example. These include:
● "Namely,"
● e.g., "Several countries have made significant progress in renewable
energy, namely, Germany and Norway."
● "Specifically,"
● e.g., "There are many strategies to improve urban living, specifically,
developing green spaces."
● "Take [something] as an example,"
● e.g., "Take the rise of telemedicine as an example of how technology is
transforming healthcare."

Using these phrases and words to introduce examples ensures that your examples
are integrated smoothly into your essay and contribute effectively to the point you
are making.
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Chapter 6

Useful Phrases to Give Counter Arguments

In IELTS essays, especially in argumentative or discursive essays, acknowledging
and discussing counter-arguments or opposing views is important. It demonstrates
your ability to see multiple sides of an issue and enhances the depth of your
analysis.

6.1 Presenting Opposing Views:

When you introduce a counter-argument, it's essential to do it in a way that

acknowledges the validity of the opposing view while preparing to present your
rebuttal or perspective. Here are some phrases to help you present opposing views
effectively:

​ General Phrases for Introducing Counter-Arguments:

● "On the other hand,"
● e.g., "On the other hand, some argue that the costs of renewable
energy sources are still prohibitively high for widespread
adoption."
● "However, it is also argued that..."
● e.g., "However, it is also argued that increased digital surveillance
can lead to privacy concerns."
● "Contrary to this point,"
● e.g., "Contrary to this point, there is a perspective that
globalisation adversely affects local cultures."
​ Specific Phrases for Counter-Arguments:
● "Critics of this view assert that..."
● e.g., "Critics of this view assert that economic growth should not
be pursued at the expense of environmental sustainability."
● "Despite these arguments, some contend that..."
● e.g., "Despite these arguments, some contend that traditional
classrooms are irreplaceable by online learning environments."
● "While some believe that..., others maintain that..."
● e.g., "While some believe that urbanization leads to economic
development, others maintain that it results in social disparity."
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6.2 Balancing Arguments in Essays:

After presenting a counter-argument, it's important to balance it with your own

viewpoint or additional information that supports your original argument. This
balance can be achieved with phrases like:

● "Nevertheless,"
● e.g., "Nevertheless, the long-term benefits of renewable energy justify the
initial investment."
● "Despite this perspective,"
● e.g., "Despite this perspective, the advancements in digital security are
effectively addressing privacy concerns."
● "Although this view has merit, it's also important to consider..."
● e.g., "Although this view has merit, it's also important to consider the
cultural enrichment brought by global interactions."

Using these phrases allows you to present a well-rounded argument, showing

consideration of various viewpoints while reinforcing your own position.

Chapter 7

Useful Phrases to Show Insufficiency

In IELTS essays, particularly in problem-solution and argumentative essays, it can be
important to discuss limitations, shortcomings, or areas where there is a lack of
something. This can strengthen your argument by showing a realistic understanding
of the issue.

7.1 Expressing Limitations and Shortcomings:

Use these phrases when you want to highlight a limitation or a shortcoming in an

argument, a situation, or a policy:

​ General Phrases for Highlighting Limitations:

● "One major limitation of this is..."
● e.g., "One major limitation of this policy is its lack of
consideration for rural communities."
● "A significant shortcoming is..."
● e.g., "A significant shortcoming in this approach is the
underestimation of local market variations."
● "This fails to account for..."
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● e.g., "This fails to account for the socio-economic diversity

among the population."
​ Specific Phrases for Expressing Insufficiency:
● "This approach is insufficient due to..."
● e.g., "This approach is insufficient due to its reliance on outdated
technology."
● "What this lacks is..."
● e.g., "What this lacks is an understanding of the cultural factors
involved."
● "There is a notable lack of..."
● e.g., "There is a notable lack of empirical evidence supporting this
theory."

7.2 Highlighting Areas of Lack:

When discussing what's missing or lacking in an argument or a situation, these

phrases can be particularly effective:

● "Despite its strengths, this overlooks..."

● e.g., "Despite its strengths, this overlooks the importance of community
engagement in policy implementation."
● "However, this does not fully consider..."
● e.g., "However, this does not fully consider the environmental impacts of
mass tourism."
● "This is inadequate in addressing..."
● e.g., "This is inadequate in addressing the complexities of global trade
dynamics."

These phrases help in constructing a well-rounded argument by acknowledging

what's missing or could be improved in the current understanding or approach to an
issue.
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Chapter 8

Using Conditionals
Conditionals are essential tools in English language writing, especially in academic
essays like those in IELTS. They help you express hypothetical situations,
consequences, and possibilities, which can add depth and sophistication to your
arguments.

8.1 Formulating Hypothetical Scenarios:

Conditionals are ideal for discussing potential outcomes, imagining scenarios, or

considering the implications of certain actions or decisions. Here are some ways to
incorporate them effectively:

​ First Conditional for Real Possibilities:

● "If [condition], [result]."
● e.g., "If renewable energy sources become more affordable, more
countries will likely adopt them."
​ Second Conditional for Unreal or Hypothetical Situations:
● "If [condition were true], [result would happen]."
● e.g., "If education systems were more inclusive, student
engagement might significantly improve."
​ Third Conditional for Past Hypotheticals:
● "If [condition had been true], [result would have happened]."
● e.g., "If industrial regulations had been stricter in the past,
environmental degradation could have been minimised."

8.2 Conditional Structures in Essay Writing:

Using conditionals in essay writing allows for a more nuanced discussion of various
possibilities and outcomes. Here are some ways to integrate them:

● Exploring Consequences:
● "If the government increases environmental taxes, industries might
invest more in sustainable practices."
● Considering Alternatives:
● "Had there been more investment in public transport, urban traffic
congestion would likely be less of a problem today."
● Imagining Different Scenarios:
● "If global cooperation on climate change were stronger, the progress in
reducing emissions could be accelerated."
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Chapter 9

How to Introduce the Main Reason

In IELTS essays, clearly introducing the main reason or the central argument of your
essay is vital. This sets the foundation for your ensuing discussion and gives the
reader a clear understanding of your essay's focus.

9.1 Structuring the Central Argument:

Your central argument should be a direct response to the essay question and clearly
state your main point. Here’s how to structure it:

​ Directly Stating the Main Reason:

● "The primary reason for this is..."
● e.g., "The primary reason for the increase in global temperatures
is greenhouse gas emissions from industrial activities."
● "The most significant factor is..."
● e.g., "The most significant factor influencing youth behaviour
today is social media."
​ Elaborating the Main Point:
● "Central to this argument is the idea that..."
● e.g., "Central to this argument is the idea that sustainable
development can be achieved through green technology."
● "The cornerstone of this discussion is..."
● e.g., "The cornerstone of this discussion is the role of government
policies in fostering economic growth."

9.2 Key Phrases for Main Points:

When elaborating your main points in the body of your essay, use these phrases to
emphasise and clarify:

● Highlighting a Key Idea:

● "A critical point to consider is..."
● e.g., "A critical point to consider is the impact of digital literacy on
future job markets."
● "It is essential to note that..."
● e.g., "It is essential to note that environmental conservation
efforts require global collaboration."
● Underlining Importance:
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● "Of particular importance is..."

● e.g., "Of particular importance is the role of education in social
empowerment."
● "What stands out most is..."
● e.g., "What stands out most is the rapid pace of technological
advancement in the past decade."

Using these structures and phrases helps to introduce and emphasise your main
reason or argument effectively, providing a clear and focused framework for your
essay.

Chapter 10

Useful Phrases for Conclusion

The conclusion of your IELTS essay is your final opportunity to summarise your
arguments and leave a lasting impression on the reader. It should restate the main
points succinctly and reinforce the overall argument or stance taken in the essay.

10.1 Concluding Your Essay:

A well-written conclusion effectively wraps up the discussion and provides a sense

of closure. Here are some phrases that can be used to conclude your essay
effectively:

​ Summarising the Main Points:

● "In conclusion, the evidence suggests that..."
● e.g., "In conclusion, the evidence suggests that environmental
policies need to be more stringent to effectively combat climate
change."
● "To sum up, it is clear that..."
● e.g., "To sum up, it is clear that technological advancements have
greatly impacted the way we communicate."
● "Overall, it can be seen that..."
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● e.g., "Overall, it can be seen that the benefits of online education

outweigh its drawbacks."
​
​ Restating the Thesis or Main Argument:
● "In closing, the main argument of this essay is that..."
● e.g., "In closing, the main argument of this essay is that
sustainable development is essential for future prosperity."
● "Ultimately, it has been demonstrated that..."
● e.g., "Ultimately, it has been demonstrated that cultural diversity
enriches societal development."

10.2 Phrases for Effective Summarization:

Effective summarization involves not just reiterating the points made but also
synthesising them to reinforce your argument. Use these phrases to help with this:

● "Having considered the various aspects, it becomes apparent that..."

● e.g., "Having considered the various aspects, it becomes apparent that
urban planning plays a crucial role in public health."
● "Drawing all the points together, the conclusion is inescapable that..."
● e.g., "Drawing all the points together, the conclusion is inescapable that
digital literacy is an essential skill in the modern world."
● "Considering these points, one must conclude that..."
● e.g., "Considering these points, one must conclude that renewable
energy should be at the forefront of our energy policies."

Using these phrases in your conclusion ensures that your essay ends on a strong
note, effectively summarising and reinforcing your main points.
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Conclusion
Final Thoughts:

This guide has presented a comprehensive array of useful phrases and structures for
writing IELTS essays. It is designed to enhance your essay writing skills, aiding in
making your arguments more coherent, persuasive, and impactful. Remember,
success in IELTS writing hinges not just on the content of your arguments, but
significantly on the manner of their presentation. Mastery of language is essential for
conveying your ideas clearly and effectively.

How to Utilise This Guide Effectively:

​ Practice Regularly:
● Engage in consistent practice of writing essays using the phrases and
structures from this guide. Regular practice aids in naturally
incorporating these expressions into your writing style.
​ Apply Contextually:
● Ensure the phrases are used appropriately and fit the context of your
essay. Each phrase has its nuances, so it’s important to apply them
where they make the most impact.
​ Customise According to Need:
● Adapt or combine phrases to meet the specific demands of the essay
prompt. Demonstrating flexibility in language use is a sign of advanced
language skills.
​ Balance is Key:
● While employing advanced vocabulary and varied sentence structures
is beneficial, maintain a balance with clarity and simplicity to avoid
overcomplicating your essays.
​ Seek Feedback from Certified IELTS Experts:
● Obtain feedback on your essays specifically from certified IELTS
experts. Their specialised knowledge and experience in IELTS criteria
can provide targeted and valuable insights for improvement.
​ Reflect and Refine:
● After each essay, take time to reflect on your language use. Identify
opportunities for refinement and improvement in future essays.
​ Read and Analyze:
● Regularly read high-quality essays and observe their language use.
Analysing well-crafted essays can offer insights into effective writing
techniques.
 17

Utilising this guide effectively will not only prepare you for IELTS writing tasks but
also enhance your overall proficiency in English writing. Good luck with your IELTS
preparation and essay writing!

Acknowledgments
As this manual concludes, I would like to take a moment to extend my heartfelt
thanks to those who have played a pivotal role in its creation.

My deepest gratitude goes to Joss Bailey and Sean Marshal, whose expertise as
experienced IELTS Writing examiners has been invaluable. Their insightful feedback
and guidance have greatly enriched the content of this guide, ensuring that it aligns
with the rigorous standards of the IELTS examination.

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my team at MasterIELTS

Online. Their assistance and support throughout the process of developing this
manual have been nothing short of extraordinary. Their dedication, insights, and hard
work have been crucial in bringing this project to fruition.

The collective efforts and support of everyone involved have been essential to the
success of this endeavour, and for that, I am immensely grateful.

Sincerely,

Nash Akthar
 18

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