JK Tyre Main Project Edited

“PRODUCT MIX STRATEGIES OF JK TYRES”.
Introduction Of Tyre Manufacturing Industry
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The tyre manufacturing industry stands as a critical pillar within the global automotive sector,
serving as the backbone for mobility and transportation worldwide. Characterized by its intricate
blend of engineering prowess, technological innovation, and economic significance, this industry
plays an indispensable role in facilitating safe, efficient, and reliable movement across roads,
terrains, and conditions of all kinds.
At its essence, tyre manufacturing encompasses the design, production, and distribution of
rubber-based components that form the interface between vehicles and the road surface. These
components undergo a sophisticated process of formulation, molding, curing, and quality
assurance to ensure optimal performance, durability, and safety for a diverse array of vehicles,
ranging from bicycles and passenger cars to trucks, buses, and aircraft.
The tyre manufacturing industry is deeply intertwined with the broader automotive ecosystem,
with its fortunes intimately linked to the dynamics of vehicle production, sales, and usage
patterns. As such, fluctuations in consumer demand, technological advancements in vehicle
design, regulatory frameworks governing emissions and safety standards, and macroeconomic
factors such as fuel prices and infrastructure development exert a profound influence on the
trajectory of the tyre manufacturing sector.
Moreover, the tyre manufacturing industry operates within a highly competitive landscape,
characterized by a multitude of global players vying for market share through innovation,
differentiation, and cost competitiveness. From established multinational corporations with
expansive production facilities and R&D capabilities to nimble startups and regional players
carving out niches in specialized segments, the industry boasts a diverse array of participants
driving continuous evolution and innovation.
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Beyond its role in providing essential components for vehicles, the tyre manufacturing industry
holds significant economic importance, contributing to job creation, industrial output, trade
balances, and technological advancement in regions across the globe. Furthermore, as societies
increasingly prioritize sustainability and environmental stewardship, tyre manufacturers are
compelled to embrace eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient processes, and circular economy
principles to minimize their ecological footprint and meet evolving regulatory expectations.
In this dynamic landscape characterized by technological disruption, shifting consumer

preferences, and sustainability imperatives, the tyre manufacturing industry stands at a pivotal
juncture. As it navigates the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century, from the rise of
electric and autonomous vehicles to the imperative of sustainable practices, the industry is poised
to play a transformative role in shaping the future of mobility and transportation on a global
scale.
Introduction of JK Industries
J K Industries is a mega corporate entity that is emblematic of excellence, diversification and

pioneering new technologies. A part of JK organisation which ranks among the top private
groups in india, JK industries is committed to self reliance and follows an ethic that views
customer satisfaction as an index of achievement.
Over the years, the company has expanded and diversified its business portfolio. It has developed
into a multi product, multi location corporate entity comprising of following business division.
Market is a group of buyers and sellers interested in negotiating the terms of purchase/ sale of
goods or services.
--Philip Kotler
Marketing is the set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchange. The
essence of marketing is exchange of products and the transactions is to satisfy human needs &
wants. All business activities facilitating the exchange are included in marketing.
--Philip Kotler
The product is a bundle of all kinds of satisfaction of both a material and non- material kinds,
ranging from economic utilities to satisfaction of a social psychological nature.
Product mix is the entyre range of products of a company for sale product mix need not consists
of related products.
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Product mix of a company has three main characteristics: -

1) Width 2) Depth 3) Consistency
Width: - Width of a product mix depends upon the number of product groups of product line
found within the company.
Depth: - Depth depends upon the number of product items within each product line.
Consistency: - Consistency of the product mix refers to the question whether or not the products
have production affinity, marketing affinity or research affinity.
Brand is a name, term, symbol, design or combination of them which is intended to identify the
goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of
competitors.
Packing may be defined as the general group of activities in the planning of a product. These
activities concentrate on formulating a design of a package and producing an appropriate and
attractive container or wrapper for a product. The container itself act as a forceful though silent
and colorful salesman at the point of purchase.
Warranty is an obligation of the producer and seller to stand behind the product and assure the
buyer that he will derive certain services and satisfactions from the product.
All manufactures and dealers and appliances must offer a very efficient after sales services, i.e.,
free services during the guarantee period and there after at low charges. It covers repairs, spare
parts and maintenance.
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Historical Overview and Economic Impact of Tyre

Manufacturing Industry in India
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Historical Overview of tyre manufacturing industry

The tyre manufacturing industry has a rich and diverse history, shaped by technological
innovations, economic shifts, and global market dynamics. This historical overview traces the
evolution of tyre manufacturing from its humble beginnings to the sophisticated, high-tech
industry it is today.
 Early Development:
The roots of tyre manufacturing can be traced back to the late 19th century when the automotive
industry was in its infancy. In 1888, John Boyd Dunlop, a Scottish veterinarian, invented the
pneumatic tyre to provide a smoother ride for his son's bicycle. This breakthrough innovation,
consisting of an inflatable rubber tube encased in a durable outer casing, revolutionized
transportation by offering improved comfort, traction, and durability compared to solid rubber
tyres.
 Industrialization and Standardization:

As automobiles gained popularity in the early 20th century, tyre manufacturing transitioned from
artisanal craftsmanship to mass production. Companies like Goodyear, Firestone, and Michelin
emerged as pioneers in the tyre industry, investing in automated manufacturing processes,
standardized production techniques, and quality control measures to meet the growing demand
for tyres.
The introduction of Henry Ford's assembly line in the 1910s further accelerated the mass
production of automobiles, spurring a corresponding increase in tyre production. This era also
witnessed advancements in tyre design, with manufacturers experimenting with tread patterns,
rubber compounds, and reinforcements to enhance performance, durability, and safety.
 Technological Advancements:
Throughout the 20th century, tyre manufacturing underwent continuous innovation and
technological advancement. The development of synthetic rubber during World War II, spurred
by shortages of natural rubber, provided tyre manufacturers with new materials and formulations
to improve tyre performance and longevity.
The post-war period saw further innovations in tyre construction, including the introduction of
steel-belted radial tyres in the 1940s. Radial tyres offered superior handling, fuel efficiency, and
tread life compared to bias-ply tyres, leading to widespread adoption in passenger cars and
commercial vehicles.
In subsequent decades, tyre manufacturers continued to refine tyre designs, incorporating
advancements in materials science, engineering, and manufacturing technologies. This included
the use of computer-aided design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEA), and robotics to optimize
tyre performance, reduce rolling resistance, and enhance safety.
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 Globalization and Consolidation:

The latter half of the 20th century witnessed significant globalization and consolidation within
the tyre manufacturing industry. Mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances reshaped the
competitive landscape, leading to the emergence of multinational tyre giants with global reach
and diversified product portfolios.
Companies like Bridgestone, Continental, and Pirelli expanded their operations through
acquisitions of smaller rivals and strategic investments in emerging markets. This global
expansion facilitated economies of scale, access to new technologies, and diversified revenue
streams, enabling tyre manufacturers to navigate cyclical downturns and competitive pressures.
 Sustainability and Innovation:

In recent decades, the tyre manufacturing industry has increasingly focused on sustainability,
environmental stewardship, and corporate responsibility. Manufacturers have invested in
research and development of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient manufacturing processes,
and recycling initiatives to minimize their environmental footprint and meet regulatory
requirements.
Furthermore, advancements in tyre technology, such as run-flat tyres, self-sealing tyres, and
airless tyres, promise to enhance vehicle safety, convenience, and sustainability. These
innovations reflect ongoing efforts by tyre manufacturers to address evolving consumer
preferences, regulatory mandates, and societal expectations in a rapidly changing automotive
landscape.
In conclusion, the history of the tyre manufacturing industry is a testament to human ingenuity,
innovation, and entrepreneurship. From humble beginnings as a solution for smoother bicycle
rides to a multi-billion-dollar global industry driving automotive innovation, tyre manufacturing
has evolved significantly over the past century. As the industry continues to adapt to new
challenges and opportunities, its rich heritage serves as a foundation for future growth,
sustainability, and innovation.
Economic Impact
-Contribution to national economy
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The tyre manufacturing industry contributes significantly to the national economy in various
ways, impacting key economic indicators such as GDP growth, employment, trade balance, and
industrial output. Here's how the tyre manufacturing industry contributes to the national
economy:
 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth: The tyre manufacturing industry contributes to
the GDP of a nation through the value-added activities involved in the production,
distribution, and sale of tyres. The industry's output adds to the overall manufacturing
sector's contribution to GDP, stimulating economic growth and industrial development.
 Employment Generation: Tyre manufacturing facilities provide direct employment

opportunities to a large number of workers across different skill levels, including
engineers, technicians, operators, and administrative staff. Additionally, the industry
supports indirect employment through its supply chain, distribution network, and
associated services such as logistics and retail. The creation of jobs contributes to income
generation, poverty reduction, and social development.
 Investment and Infrastructure Development: The tyre manufacturing industry attracts

investments in manufacturing infrastructure, research and development, and
technological innovation. Companies invest in modern production facilities, machinery,
and equipment to improve efficiency, quality, and capacity. This investment not only
drives growth within the industry but also stimulates investments in supporting industries
and infrastructure development, such as transportation, utilities, and telecommunications.
 Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tyre manufacturing companies contribute to the national

economy by exporting tyres and related products to international markets. Export
earnings from tyre sales help generate foreign exchange, improve the trade balance, and
strengthen the country's position in global trade. The industry's competitiveness in
international markets enhances export revenues, diversifies the economy, and reduces
dependency on imports.
 Technological Advancement and Innovation: The tyre manufacturing industry fosters

technological advancement and innovation through research and development activities
aimed at improving product performance, efficiency, and sustainability. Investments in
R&D lead to the development of new materials, manufacturing processes, and tyre
designs that enhance competitiveness and drive industry growth. Moreover, innovation in
the tyre industry often spills over into other sectors, contributing to overall technological
progress and industrial innovation.
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 Regional Development and Social Impact: Tyre manufacturing facilities are often located
in regions that offer access to raw materials, skilled labor, transportation networks, and
market demand. The presence of these facilities stimulates regional development by
creating economic opportunities, improving infrastructure, and attracting ancillary
industries. Additionally, tyre companies engage in corporate social responsibility
initiatives, such as community development projects, education, healthcare, and
environmental conservation, contributing to the overall well-being of society.
In summary, the tyre manufacturing industry plays a vital role in the national economy by
driving economic growth, creating employment, fostering innovation, generating foreign
exchange earnings, and supporting regional development. Policymakers and stakeholders
recognize the importance of the tyre industry and work to create an enabling environment
conducive to its growth and competitiveness.
Evolution of Tyre Manufacturing Industry
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The evolution of tyre manufacturing in India has been marked by significant milestones, driven
by technological advancements, market dynamics, regulatory changes, and global trends. Here's
an overview of the key stages in the evolution of tyre manufacturing in India:
1. Early Years (Pre-Independence to 1960s):

- Tyre manufacturing in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era when the
country's industrial base was relatively nascent.
- During this period, the tyre industry primarily consisted of small-scale units catering to local
demand for basic tyre products.
- The industry relied heavily on manual labor and conventional manufacturing techniques, with
limited access to advanced machinery and technology.
2. Emergence of Major Players (1970s to 1990s):

- The 1970s witnessed the emergence of major players in the Indian tyre industry, such as MRF
(Madras Rubber Factory), Apollo Tyres, CEAT (Cavi Elettrici e Affini Torino), and JK Tyre.
- These companies invested in modernizing their manufacturing facilities and adopting
advanced production technologies to improve quality and productivity.
- The period also saw the establishment of joint ventures and collaborations with international
tyre manufacturers, facilitating technology transfer and knowledge exchange.
3. Liberalization and Global Integration (1990s to 2000s):

- The liberalization of the Indian economy in the early 1990s paved the way for increased
foreign investment, technology infusion, and market competition in the tyre industry.
- International tyre manufacturers entered the Indian market either through joint ventures with
domestic companies or by setting up wholly-owned subsidiaries.
- This period witnessed significant investments in expanding production capacities, upgrading
technology, and diversifying product portfolios to meet the evolving needs of domestic and
export markets.
- The Indian tyre industry also benefited from the country's growing automotive sector, fueled
by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and infrastructure development.
4. Technological Advancements and Innovation (2000s to Present):

- The 21st century has seen rapid technological advancements and innovation in tyre
manufacturing processes, materials, and designs.
- Indian tyre manufacturers have increasingly adopted automation, robotics, and advanced
manufacturing techniques to enhance efficiency, precision, and quality control.
- There has been a focus on developing eco-friendly tyres with lower rolling resistance,
improved fuel efficiency, and reduced environmental impact.
- Innovation in tyre compounds, tread patterns, and construction techniques has led to the
introduction of specialized tyres tailored for different vehicle types, road conditions, and usage
scenarios.
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5. Focus on Sustainability and Green Initiatives:

- In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainability and green initiatives in
the Indian tyre industry.
- Manufacturers are investing in renewable energy sources, waste management systems, and
recycling technologies to minimize environmental footprint and comply with regulatory
requirements.
- Efforts are underway to develop eco-friendly tyre materials, such as bio-based rubber and
recycled content, to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate carbon emissions.
6. Global Competitiveness and Market Expansion:

- The Indian tyre industry has emerged as a global player, exporting tyres to various countries
across the world.
- Indian tyre manufacturers have established a reputation for producing high-quality tyres at
competitive prices, making them preferred suppliers for both domestic and international markets.
- Companies are exploring opportunities for strategic acquisitions, partnerships, and market
expansion to strengthen their global presence and competitiveness.
In conclusion, the evolution of tyre manufacturing in India has been characterized by a transition
from manual labor to advanced automation, from basic products to sophisticated designs, and
from domestic markets to global competitiveness. With continued investments in technology,
innovation, and sustainability, the Indian tyre industry is poised for further growth and expansion
in the years to come.
Challenges Faced by Tyre Manufacturing Industry in

India
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The tyre manufacturing industry faces several challenges that impact operations, profitability,
and sustainability. These challenges stem from various factors including technological
advancements, market dynamics, regulatory requirements, and environmental concerns. Here are
some of the key challenges faced by the tyre manufacturing industry:
1. Raw Material Price Volatility:

- Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon
black, and petroleum-based products, pose challenges for tyre manufacturers.
- Sudden increases in raw material costs can affect production margins and profitability,
necessitating effective risk management strategies and supply chain planning.
2. Environmental Regulations and Sustainability:

- Increasing environmental regulations related to emissions, waste management, and resource
conservation pose challenges for tyre manufacturers.
- Compliance with environmental standards requires investments in eco-friendly manufacturing
processes, sustainable materials, and waste reduction initiatives, which can increase production
costs.
3. Technological Disruption:
- Rapid technological advancements, such as electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, and smart
tyre technology, disrupt traditional business models and product offerings in the tyre industry.
- Tyre manufacturers must adapt to changing technology trends, invest in research and
development, and develop new capabilities to remain competitive in the evolving automotive
landscape.
4. Market Competition:
- Intense competition from domestic and international players in the tyre manufacturing
industry puts pressure on pricing, innovation, and market share.
- Competing on price alone may erode profitability, requiring manufacturers to differentiate
their products through quality, performance, branding, and customer service.
5. Supply Chain Disruptions:

- Global supply chain disruptions, such as natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, trade
barriers, and logistics bottlenecks, can impact the availability of raw materials, components, and
finished products.
- Manufacturers need to diversify their supply chains, establish contingency plans, and build
resilience to mitigate the risks of supply chain disruptions.
6. Regulatory Compliance and Product Safety:

- Stringent regulatory requirements related to tyre labeling, emissions standards, product
safety, and quality assurance impose compliance burdens on tyre manufacturers.
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- Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards requires investments in testing, certification,

and quality control processes, which can increase administrative costs and time-to-market for
new products.
7. Energy Efficiency and Cost Management:

- Energy-intensive manufacturing processes in the tyre industry contribute to high energy
consumption and operating costs.
- Improving energy efficiency through investments in energy-saving technologies, process
optimization, and renewable energy sources can help reduce costs and environmental impact.
8. Talent Acquisition and Skills Gap:

- The tyre manufacturing industry requires skilled workforce across various functions,
including engineering, research and development, production, and quality control.
- Recruiting and retaining talent with the necessary technical expertise and skills poses
challenges, especially in regions facing skills shortages or demographic shifts.
In conclusion, the tyre manufacturing industry faces a myriad of challenges ranging from raw
material price volatility and environmental regulations to technological disruption and market
competition. Overcoming these challenges requires proactive strategies, investments in
innovation, collaboration with stakeholders, and a commitment to sustainability and continuous
improvement.
Emerging Opportunities of Tyre Manufacturing Industry
The tyre manufacturing industry is undergoing significant transformation, presenting several

emerging opportunities for growth, innovation, and sustainability. Here are some of the key
emerging opportunities in the tyre manufacturing industry:
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1. Electric Vehicles (EVs) Market:

- With the global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), there is a growing demand for tyres
optimized for electric drivetrains.
- Emerging opportunities include developing tyres with lower rolling resistance, improved
energy efficiency, and enhanced durability to meet the specific requirements of EVs.
- Manufacturers can capitalize on this trend by investing in research and development to
innovate new tyre materials, designs, and technologies tailored for electric vehicles.
2. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs):

- The development and adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) present new opportunities for
tyre manufacturers.
- AVs require tyres with advanced capabilities, such as precise handling, high traction, and
real-time monitoring of tyre condition.
- Emerging opportunities include integrating sensor technologies, such as RFID tags and
embedded sensors, into tyres for monitoring tyre pressure, temperature, and tread wear.
- Additionally, there is a need for tyres capable of adapting to various road conditions and
weather conditions to ensure safety and performance in autonomous driving scenarios.
3. Smart Tyre Technology:

- Smart tyre technology, which involves embedding sensors and connectivity features into
tyres, presents new opportunities for tyre manufacturers.
- Smart tyres can provide real-time data on tyre performance, condition, and wear, enabling
predictive maintenance, optimization of tyre pressure, and enhanced safety.
- Emerging opportunities include developing innovative smart tyre solutions for commercial
fleets, passenger vehicles, and industrial applications.
- Manufacturers can explore partnerships with technology companies to integrate advanced
sensors, IoT platforms, and data analytics into tyre products.
4. Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing:

- There is a growing focus on sustainability and eco-friendly practices in the tyre
manufacturing industry.
- Emerging opportunities include developing tyres using sustainable materials, such as bio-
based rubber, recycled rubber, and natural fibers.
- Manufacturers can invest in eco-friendly manufacturing processes, such as cold curing,
microwave curing, and energy-efficient production techniques, to reduce carbon emissions and
minimize environmental impact.
- Additionally, there are opportunities to implement circular economy principles by
establishing tyre recycling and retreading programs to extend the lifecycle of tyres and minimize
waste generation.
5. Digitalization and Industry 4.0:
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- Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies offer opportunities to enhance efficiency,

productivity, and competitiveness in tyre manufacturing.
- Emerging opportunities include adopting automation, robotics, and AI-driven predictive
maintenance to optimize production processes and reduce downtime.
- Manufacturers can implement digital twin technologies to simulate and optimize tyre designs,
manufacturing processes, and supply chain logistics.
- Furthermore, there are opportunities to leverage data analytics and machine learning
algorithms to improve quality control, supply chain management, and customer engagement.
6. Customization and Personalization:

- There is a growing demand for customized and personalized tyre solutions tailored to specific
customer preferences, vehicle types, and usage scenarios.
- Emerging opportunities include offering customization options for tyre tread patterns, sizes,
and performance characteristics to meet the diverse needs of consumers.
- Manufacturers can leverage advanced manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and
on-demand production, to offer bespoke tyre solutions with shorter lead times and reduced
waste.
- Additionally, there are opportunities to integrate digital platforms and customer-facing apps
to facilitate tyre selection, customization, and online purchasing experiences.
In conclusion, the tyre manufacturing industry is poised for growth and innovation, driven by
emerging opportunities such as electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, smart tyre technology,
sustainable materials, digitalization, and customization. By embracing these opportunities and
investing in research, development, and collaboration, tyre manufacturers can stay competitive,
meet evolving customer demands, and contribute to a more sustainable and connected mobility
ecosystem.
Tyre Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of tyres, also known as tyre production, involves several steps that
encompass the preparation of raw materials, the construction of tyre components, assembly,
curing, and finishing. Here's a detailed overview of each stage:
1. Raw Material Preparation:
a. Natural Rubber and Synthetic Rubber: The process begins with the preparation of rubber
compounds, which typically consist of natural rubber sourced from rubber trees or synthetic
rubber derived from petroleum. Other additives such as carbon black, silica, and various
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chemicals are mixed into the rubber to enhance properties like durability, traction, and heat
resistance.
b. Fabric and Steel Cord: Fabric layers (typically made of polyester, nylon, or rayon) and steel
cords are used to reinforce the tyre's structure and provide strength and stability. These materials
undergo treatment processes to improve adhesion with rubber compounds.
c. Chemical Compounds: Various chemicals such as antioxidants, accelerators, and sulfur are
mixed to form curing agents and vulcanizing agents, which are crucial for the curing process
later on.
2. Component Construction:**
a. Tread Formation: The rubber compound for the tread is extruded or calendared into sheets and
then cut into strips or patterns according to the tyre design. This tread rubber is then applied onto
the tyre casing.
b. Sidewall and Innerliner Construction: Similar to the tread, rubber compounds are prepared and
shaped to form the sidewalls and innerliner of the tyre.
c. Bead Construction: Beads are made using high-strength steel wires coated with rubber. These
beads provide the tyre with a secure attachment to the rim.
3. Tyre Assembly:
a. Building the Tyre:

i. The tyre-building machine (also called a tyre drum) starts with the inner liner, onto which the
ply layers are placed.
ii. The sidewalls, tread, and other components are added layer by layer according to the tyre
design.
iii. Beads are positioned at both ends of the tyre to provide anchorage to the rim.
b. Shaping and Molding: Once the tyre components are assembled, the green tyre (unvulcanized
tyre) is placed into a mold. The mold is then closed, and heat and pressure are applied to shape
the tyre and bond its components together.
4. Curing:
a. Vulcanization: The green tyre inside the mold undergoes vulcanization, a process where heat
and pressure are applied simultaneously. This process chemically bonds the rubber molecules,
cross-linking them to create a durable and elastic tyre structure.
5. Finishing:
a. Inspection: After curing, tyres undergo rigorous inspection for defects, dimensional accuracy,
and uniformity of construction.
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b. Trimming and Buffing: Excess rubber from the sidewalls and tread is trimmed, and the tyre
surface is buffed to achieve a smooth finish.
c. Final Testing: Tyres undergo final testing to ensure they meet quality and performance
standards. This may include tests for balance, uniformity, and endurance.
d. Marking and Packaging: Tyres are marked with essential information such as size, speed
rating, and manufacturer details. They are then packaged and prepared for distribution.
This process outlines the primary steps involved in tyre manufacturing. Each step requires
precision and quality control to produce tyres that meet safety, performance, and durability
standards.
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Review of Literature
The tyre manufacturing industry plays a pivotal role in the global automotive sector, providing
essential components for vehicles of all kinds. This literature review aims to delve into various
aspects of the tyre manufacturing industry, encompassing technological advancements,
sustainability initiatives, market trends, and challenges faced by the sector.
Technological Advancements:
Advancements in tyre manufacturing technologies have significantly enhanced the quality,
performance, and durability of tyres. With the advent of computational modeling, finite element
analysis, and simulation tools, manufacturers can optimize tyre designs for various road
conditions, vehicle types, and performance requirements. Additionally, the integration of
artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has facilitated predictive maintenance and
quality control processes, reducing defects and enhancing production efficiency.
Furthermore, the development of eco-friendly materials, such as silica-based compounds and

bio-based rubber alternatives, has enabled manufacturers to produce tyres with reduced rolling
resistance and improved fuel efficiency, thereby addressing environmental concerns while
meeting regulatory standards. Moreover, the emergence of 3D printing technologies offers the
potential for on-demand customization, rapid prototyping, and waste reduction in tyre production
processes.
Sustainability Initiatives:
In response to growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, tyre manufacturers are
increasingly adopting sustainable practices throughout their operations. This includes initiatives
to reduce energy consumption, minimize carbon emissions, and optimize resource utilization.
For instance, the implementation of energy-efficient manufacturing processes, such as cold-
feeding extrusion and microwave curing, helps reduce the carbon footprint of tyre production.
Moreover, tyre manufacturers are exploring circular economy principles by implementing

recycling and retreading programs to extend the lifecycle of tyres and minimize waste
generation. Through partnerships with recycling companies and research institutions,
manufacturers are developing innovative techniques to reclaim and repurpose end-of-life tyres
into new materials, such as crumb rubber for pavements, playgrounds, and athletic surfaces.
Additionally, some companies are exploring the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar
and wind power, to power their manufacturing facilities, further reducing their environmental
impact.
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Market Trends:
The tyre manufacturing industry is subject to various market trends driven by changes in
consumer preferences, technological advancements, and macroeconomic factors. One notable
trend is the growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs), which
require specialized tyres optimized for electric drivetrains, regenerative braking systems, and
advanced driver assistance features. As such, tyre manufacturers are investing in research and
development to design tyres that offer low rolling resistance, enhanced traction, and extended
range for EVs, while also exploring opportunities to integrate sensor technologies for real-time
monitoring of tyre performance and condition in AVs.
Furthermore, the rise of online retailing and e-commerce platforms has transformed the
distribution channels for tyres, with consumers increasingly purchasing tyres online and opting
for convenient installation services. This shift towards digitalization and direct-to-consumer sales
presents both challenges and opportunities for traditional tyre retailers and manufacturers to
adapt their business models, enhance customer engagement, and streamline supply chain
logistics.
Challenges:
Despite the technological advancements and sustainability initiatives within the tyre
manufacturing industry, several challenges persist. These include volatile raw material prices,
supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and regulatory uncertainties. Fluctuations in oil
prices, natural rubber availability, and geopolitical conflicts in key rubber-producing regions can
impact production costs and profitability for tyre manufacturers, necessitating robust risk
management strategies and diversified supply chains.
Moreover, stringent regulations related to tyre labeling, emissions standards, and product safety
requirements impose compliance burdens on manufacturers and necessitate ongoing investments
in research, testing, and certification processes. Additionally, the emergence of trade barriers,
tariffs, and geopolitical conflicts can disrupt global supply chains and hinder market access for
tyre manufacturers, highlighting the importance of fostering international cooperation and trade
agreements to promote industry growth and resilience.
In conclusion, the tyre manufacturing industry is undergoing significant transformations driven

by technological advancements, sustainability initiatives, market trends, and challenges. By
embracing innovation, adopting sustainable practices, and adapting to evolving market
dynamics, tyre manufacturers can navigate uncertainties, capitalize on emerging opportunities,
and ensure long-term viability in a rapidly evolving automotive landscape.
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Methodology
Introduction:
Research methods are all those methods/techniques that are used for conducting to the
researcher’s use in performing research. Here more emphasis is made on collection of the data
directly through the customers with directly interacting with them.
2.1 TITLE OF THE PROJECT STUDY

Title of the Project Study is “A STUDY ON PRODUCT MIX STRATEGIES OF J K TYRES”.
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: -

Considering the importance of the study, the following main objectives have been drawn out.
1. To study and understand the profile of JK TYRES and various activities in the company.
2. The study made with special reference to PRODUCT MIX
3. To know the reaction of the consumers towards the Brand
4. To offer suggestions for major findings
2.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: -

Scope of the study extends to discover dealer’s reaction to the product’s performance and
physical characteristics, of J K TYRES.
Perform various marketing activities, how the product is perceived as compared to its
competitor’s performance with respect to quality, advertising and company good will.
2.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED: -

The chief criteria for the validity of any research study lies in the methodology an esquire would
prove a failure if it were not done along certain methodical lines.
PRIMARY DATA: -
Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, which were given to variety of
respondents and personal discussion.
SECONDARY DATA: -
Secondary data was collected through company manuals, study materials and survey reports.
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SAMPLING: -
Random sampling: -
It is based on theory of probability. It provides known zero change for selection of each
population element. Under this sampling design every item of the universe has an equal chance
of inclusion in the sample. It is so to say a lottery method in which individual units are picked up
from the whole group, not deliberately but by some mechanical process.
Sample Size:
Sample size has taken 50 respondents.
2.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: -

Any study of this kind will have its own limitations
1. Due to the information and time constraint, it was not possible to go in detail to the study of
“PRODUCT MIX STRATAGIES OF J K TYRES”.
2. The study is made in one place at one dealer’s show room
3. It is restricted to certain area and to limited time.
 SWAT Analysis
A SWOT analysis of JK Tyre involves examining its internal strengths and weaknesses as well
as external opportunities and threats in the market. Here's a breakdown:
Strengths:
1. Strong Brand Reputation: JK Tyre has built a strong brand over the years known for its quality
and reliability.
2. Wide Product Portfolio: The company offers a diverse range of tyre products catering to
various vehicles and purposes, which provides flexibility and adaptability to market demands.
3. Market Presence: JK Tyre has a significant presence in both domestic and international
markets, contributing to its revenue stability and growth potential.
4. Technological Capabilities: The company invests in research and development, allowing it to
innovate and stay competitive in the industry.
5. Distribution Network: JK Tyre has a well-established distribution network, ensuring
widespread availability of its products.
Weaknesses:
1. Dependence on Automotive Sector: JK Tyre's performance is closely tied to the automotive
industry, making it vulnerable to fluctuations and downturns in the sector.
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2. Cost Structure: If the company's cost structure is relatively higher compared to competitors, it
may affect its pricing strategy and overall competitiveness.
3. Limited Geographic Diversification: Overreliance on specific regions or markets could expose
the company to geopolitical or economic risks in those areas.
4. Brand Perception: Any negative publicity or quality issues could potentially harm the brand
image and customer trust.
Opportunities:
1. Emerging Markets: Expanding into emerging markets with growing automotive industries
presents opportunities for JK Tyre to increase its market share.
2. Technological Advancements: Investing in new technologies such as electric and autonomous
vehicles opens up new avenues for product development and innovation.
3. Green Initiatives: With increasing environmental concerns, there's a growing demand for eco-
friendly products. JK Tyre can capitalize on this trend by offering sustainable tyre solutions.
4. Strategic Partnerships: Forming strategic alliances with automotive manufacturers or other
industry players can enhance market penetration and distribution channels.
Threats:
1. Competition: Intense competition within the tyre industry from both domestic and
international players poses a threat to JK Tyre's market share and profitability.
2. Economic Uncertainty: Fluctuations in the economy, including currency exchange rates and
inflation, can impact consumer spending and affect demand for tyres.
3. Regulatory Changes: Changes in regulations related to environmental standards, safety
requirements, or trade policies can impose additional costs and compliance burdens on the
company.
4. Substitute Products: The emergence of alternative transportation solutions or technological
advancements that reduce the need for traditional tyres could pose a threat to JK Tyre's core
business.
By considering these factors, JK Tyre can develop strategies to leverage its strengths, address its
weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate potential threats in the market.
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COMPANY PROFILE
3.1 VISION OF JK TYRES

“To be amongst the most admired companies in India commited to excellence.”
MISSION OF JK TYRES
 To be the largest & most profitable tyre company in India.
 To retain No. 1 position in truck & bus segment & to be amongst top two in
all other 4-wheller tyre
 To make truck/bus radial operations profitable & retain leadership in the
passenger radial market.
 To be the largest Indian tyre exporter. Continue to be a significant player in
the world in truck & bias market.
 To be a customer obsessed company.
 To enhance value to shareholders & service to all stakeholder.
We the people of J K TYRES will have an organisation committed to quality in
everything we do.
We will continuously anticipate and understand our customer’s requirements,
convert these into performance standards for our products and services and meet
these standards everytime. Full-customer satisfaction- both internal and external- is
our motto.
J K industries set up its first tyre plant at Jajkajgram near Udaypur, Rajasthan in
1977. The plant with an installed capacity of 5 lakh tyres per annum was
established in technical collaboration with General Tyre International co., U S
A.
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As J K Tyre grew from strength to strength, demand for tyres increased

proportionally to meet this growing demand, the plant at Rajasthan was expanded
and by 1990. The plant was producing nearly 14 lakhs tyres per annum.
J K Tyre then went on to establish what is rated as the most modern plant in India,
a state of the art tyre plant in 1991, at Banmore near Gwalior, Madya pradesh.
The plant deploys the most sophisticated techniques such as a Betaray scanner, X-
ray, units, computer controlled processing and tyre testing machines to ensure a
high quality of products. Both the plants have set standards of efficiency and
productivity in the tyre industry and have consistency operated at high capacity
utilisation with a total capacity of 28.13 lakhs tyres per annum.
J K Tyres focus on R & D the plants ensures not just the incorporation of the latest
technology in products but also helps in the development of new types and sizes of
tyres. With the strategic acquisitions of a controlling interest in Vikrant Tyre
Limited. The V T L plant at Mysore to contributes to J K Tyres total production
capacity at its plants, which amounts to 40 lakhs tyres per annum.
We believe that people are the biggest asset that a firm can possess. J K Tyre offers
unlimited opportunity for committed motivated individuals at all levels and across
a wide range of areas.
To ensure the same, J K Tyre has developed for its employees an infrastructure
consisting of: -
1. Regular upgradation of skill and practices
2. Management development programs
3. National and international training if you dream of working for a globally
growing
Corporation that encourages excellence rewards merit and initiative.
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Vast in its operations and massive in its seal of activities JK Industries is a mega
corporate entity that is emblematic excellence diversification and pioneering new
technologies.
A part of J K Organisation that ranks among the top private groups in India, J K
Industries is committed to self-reliance and follow an ethic that views customer
satisfaction as an index of achievement.
Aside from J K Tyre, the flagship brand of the corporation, J K Industries includes:
JK Sugar – The manufacturer of the best quality sugar in the country.
JK Agrigenetics – The Company that is revolutionizing Indian agriculture through
its research and production of pest-resistant and high yield hybrid seeds and crops.
J K International - A diversified trading house that exports a range of products
including textiles and leather goods, pharmaceuticals, tea, coffee, spices,
processed food and de-oiled cakes, to developed countries like USA, UK,
Canada, Germany, Netherlands and to countries in the middle east, west Asia.
3.2 WHAT IS J K TYRE: -

1. It is the leading manufacturer of Radial tyres for both truck and car
2. It is the only supplier of the tyre for Mercedizs Benz
3. First to get the ISO 9001 certificate in the entyre world for the entyre
operation
4. 2nd largest manufacturer for 4 wheelers in India
5. 16th largest tyre manufacturer in the world
6. First Indian company to export for radials to Europe
7. First Indian company to export over 45 countries across Six Continents
8. First and only Indian company to get the ‘E’ mark Certificate
9. J K Tyre has 25-customer centers around the country.
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10.J K Tyre the only Indian Company producing radials for the entyre ranges
i.e., Trucks, buses, LCV’s and Cars.
J K Tyre supplies tyres to different cars they are as follows: -
Ambassador, Armada, Cielo GL, Cielo GLE, Contessa, Fiat UNO, Ford Escort,
Mahindra commander, Mahindra classic, Maruthi Esteem, Maruthi Omni, Maruthi
Gypsy, Maruthi Zen, Maruthi 800, Hyundai santro, Mercedise Benz, Opel astra,
Peugot GI and GLD, Premier padmni, Premier 118NE, TATA Estate,
TATA Mobile, TATA Sierra, TATA sumo, Honda City, Mitsubishi lancer.
3.3 PRODUCT MIX OF JK TYRES: -

BIAS—TRUCK: -
 JET-TRAK
 JET-TRAK 39
 HIGRIP
 SAND CUM HIGHWAY
BIAS—TRUCK / BUS: -
 JETKING
 JETRIB
 NULIFE HIGH WAY KING
RADIAL TRUCK: -
 JET STEEL—NS
 STELL KING—NS
RADIAL- CAR: -
 RALLY
 TORNADO
 AQUASONIC
 ULTIMA
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 ULTIMA—XS
 BRUTE
JK TYRE launched the radial tyres because of the following advantages it gave to
its customer some of the advantages are as follows: -
1. J K Steel belted radials help in fuel saving
2. Retreated radials give better mileage than retreated ordinary bias tyres.
3. Radials enhance the comfort level while driving
4. Tyre can wear and tear the effect even if there is under –inflation pressure.
ABOUT THE RALLY: -

J K Tyre has been largely responsible for promoting motor sports in India and
bringing it to the forefront of national consciousness a role the company continues
to play.
Our involvement extends to all levels from the grass roots to the professional and
encompasses rallying, racing, Go-karting. Family navigational rallies and vintage
car rallies, pioneer in developing motor car rally talent in the nation, J K Tyre has
the country’s most successful rally team.
THE DIFFERENT STANDARDS HELD BY THE J K TYRES: -
1. I S O 9001 Standard
2. Q C 9000 Standard
J K Tyre is the Ist tyre manufacturer in the world to get the ISO 9001 certificate in
1994 itself, for its entyre operations, including marketing, design, development,
manufacturing, testing, stocking, distribution, sales and services of conventional
(bias) and radial tyres, tubes and flaps.
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J K Tyre has become the only tyre manufacturer in India and the first tyre
manufacturer in the world to achieve the Q C 9000 for multi location operations, in
the year 1998.
J K Tyre is attaining another milestone in its plan of achieving TQM, i.e., Total
Quality Management, and CII-EXIM award by 2000
THE DIFFERENT AWARDS HELD BY THE J K TYRE AND J K

INDUSTRIES ARE : -
 National Export award
 Brand Equity award
 Capexil award (top export award)
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THEORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Before knowing in deep about product and product mix it is important to know the
market and marketing.
MARKET
The American Marketing Association defines a “ Market as the aggregate demand
of the potential buyers for a product”.
“ An area for potential exchange thus a market is a group of buyers and sellers
interested in negotiating the terms of purchase of goods or services.
--Philip kotler
TYPES OF MARKETING
1. ON THE BASIS OF SELLING AREA
2. ON THE BASIS OF ARTICLE OF TRADE
3. ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF EXCHANGE DEALINGS
4. ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF GOODS SOLD
5. ON THE BASIS OF PERIOD
KINDS OF GOODS: -
 CONVENIENCE GOODS
 SHOPPING GOODS
 SPECIALITY GOODS
MARKETING:
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The American Marketing Association defines “ Marketing as the performance of

business activities that directs the flow of goods and services from producer to
consumer or user”.
The set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchange.

The essence of Marketing is exchange of products and the transaction is to satisfy
human needs and wants. All business activities facilitating the exchange are
included in marketing.
--Philip kotler
MARKETING MIX OR 4 P’s OF MARKETING: -
Marketing mix is the set of controllable variable that a firm can use to influence
the buyer’s response with in a given marketing environment. It has four elements
of 4 P’s.
1. PRODUCT
2. PRICE
3. PROMOTION
4. PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION
PRODUCT: -
A product is an idea, service or tangible good that a customer can acquire through
a monetary transaction or an exchange. Not only tangible goods are considered as
products; intangible like services and ideas are also included.
A Product then is the potential satisfied of a consumer’s want or need. But a
product is not just the essential item; it is made up of a number of components that
contribute to its ability to satisfy needs and wants. Components that are included in
a product are its package or the availability of maintenance service. The total
product is the sum of all physical and psychological features that aid in satisfying a
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customer’s needs and wants. The success of a product is judged by how well it
satisfies those needs and how well it sells.
PRICE: -
The price is the amount that is paid to purchase a product. It is also the means
through which the company recovers its costs and makes a profit. Pricing is the
marketing variable that offers the most flexibility. Price dictates what the company
selling the product will receive in return for its efforts.
Price defines the value of product or service to the customer. How much the
customer is willing to give in order to have a particular product indicates how
much the item is worth to the customer. The price is where the value of a product
to the customer and the company’s compensation for producing the product
intersect.
Marketers should establish prices that will expand the sales of highly profitable
item and contract sales of relatively unprofitable products with in the same time.
PROMOTION: -
Promotion is the sharing of information, concepts and meanings by the source and
it receives about product and services and the organisation that sells them.
There are 4 basic forms of marketing communication: -

1. ADVERTISING
2. SALES PROMOTION
3. PUBLICITY
4. PERSONAL SELLING
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PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION: -
Place or physical distribution is another element in the marketing mix, which is
considered with getting the product physically from the manufacturer to the place
where consumer can buy it.
The members of the distribution channel are the people and business involving the
product from the point of production to the point of consumption. These members
of the distribution channel are sometimes referred as “Marketing Intermediaries”.
Physical distribution is concerned with the movement and storage activities
required for making the firm’s product available to customer. The physical
distribution manager’s goal is to provide at the lowest possible cost, the rights, the
product to the right customer at the right time in the right quality at the right
location in the right condition. Business logistics is the flow of materials from
procurement of raw materials to manufacturing to the consumers.
WHAT IS A PRODUCT?
The product is a bundle of all kinds of satisfaction of both a material and non-
material kinds, ranging from economic utilities to satisfaction of a social
psychological nature.
A product supplies two kinds of utility:
1. Economic utility
2. Supplementary utility
The product may be a good, a service, a good plus service, or just an idea. A
product is all things offered to a market. Those things include physical object,
design, package, label, price, services, supportive literature, amenities and
satisfaction not only from physical product and services offered but also from
ideas, personalities and organizations.
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In short, a product is the sum of physical, economic, social and psychological

benefits. Marketers must define their market in terms of product functions what the
customer expects from the product.
PRODUCT MIX:
It is the entyre range of products of a company for sale. Product mix need not
consists of related products. For example the product mix of J K TYRE includes a
diverse range of products such as TYRES, TUBES, FLAPS.
The product mix of a company has three main characteristics:
1. WIDTH
2. DEPTH
3. COSISTENCY
WIDTH of a product mix depends upon the number of product groups of product
lines found within the company.
DEPTH depends upon the number of product items within each product line.
CONSISTENCY of the product mix refers to the question whether or not the
products have production affinity, marketing affinity or research affinity.
BRANDING: -
WHAT IS BRANDING?
American Marketing Association defines as - The word BRAND is a
comprehensive term. A brand is a name, term, symbol or design, or a combination
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of them, which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group
of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. A brand identifies
the product for a buyer and gives seller a chance to earn goodwill and repeated
patronage.
IMORTANCE OF BRANDING:
The marketer can build up a bridge of his organization around the brand. Branding
enables the firm assured control over the market. Branding by differentiating a
product from the rival’s enables the brand owner to establish his own price which
con not be easily compared with the price for competing goods.
RESONS FOR BRANDING:

1. Ever-increasing competition.
2. Importance of packaging as a distinct marketing function.
3. Need for Advertising and Publicity.
4. Development of consumer brand.
ESSENTIALS OF GOOD BRAND:

 A Brand should suggest something about product benefits, its uses,
quality, product nature, purpose, performance or action.
 The name should be short, simple, easy to pronounce to spell and
remember, easy to identify and explain. It should be easy to advertise.
 It should be capable of being registered and protected legally under the
legislation.
 It should have a stable life and be unaffected by time. It should not
depend upon fashions and styles as they have a short life.
 It should create pleasant associations.
 It should not be used as a general or common name for all products
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 It should be unique, attractive and distinctive.

TYPES OF BRANDS:
1. INDIVIDUAL BRAND NAME
2. FAMILY BRAND NAME
3. UMBRELLA BRAND
4. COMBINATION DEVICE
5. PRIVATE OR MIDDLEMAN’S BRAND
Individual Brand Name:

Each product has a special and unique brand name, such as J K Tyre, J K sugar, J
K Internationals, Surf, etc., the manufacturer has to promote each individual brand
in the market separately. This creates a practical difficulty in promotion. Other
wise it is the best marketing strategy.
Family Brand Name:

Family name is limited to one line of a product, i.e., products that complete the
sales cycles, e.g., J K TYRES for tyres, Amul for milk products, Ponds for
cosmetics, etc., family
Brand name can help combined advertising and sales promotion.
Umbrella Brand Name:

We may have for all products the name of the company or the manufacturer. All
products such as soaps, chemicals, textiles, engineering goods etc., manufactured
by the Tata concerns will have the TATA’s as one umbrella brand, such a device
will also obtain low promotion cost and minimize marketing efforts.
Combination Device:
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TATA house is using a combination device, each product has an individual name
but it also has the umbrella brand to indicate the business house producing the
product, e.g., Tata’s Taj. Under this method, side by side with the product image,
we have the image of the organisation also. Many companies use this device
profitably.
Private Middleman’s Brand:

Manufacturers or distributors such as wholesalers, large retailers, can do branding.
This practice is popular in the woolen, hosiery, ports goods, and such other
industries. Big manufacturers also use it.
Benefits of Branding: -
As long as branding is considered desirable and as long as we do not have
overflow of branded goods, consumers in India may have the following benefits of
branding: -
1. Right kind of brand advertising and personal selling provide ample
information to the consumer about the branded products.
2. Branded goods have uniform and standardized quality and holder of
the registered brand is personally responsible to maintain the quality.
3. Rapid sales turnover assures fresher products due to frequent

replacement of stock with the retailer.
4. There is considerable saving in time in the selection of goods and also
in the making up of orders.
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PACKAGING AND LABELING:

Packing may be defined as the general group of activity in the planning of a
product. These activities concentrate on formulating a design of the package and
producing an appropriate and attractive container or wrapper for a product. The
container itself can act as a forceful though silent and colorful salesman at the
point of purchase or an effective medium of advertisement encouraging impulse
buying. Many a time, package design itself can act as a registered brand. Almost
every article has to be packaged to make a trip to the ultimate consumer. But
packing is merely a physical action and provides a handling convenience.
Packaging criteria:
The entities that influence package development are broadly classified into the
following criteria groups.
1. Appearance
2. Protection
3. Function
4. Cost
5. Disposability
Appearance:
The appearance of a package is very important from many angles. With the
growing super-bazaars and cash transactions in marketing activities, appearance is
gaining momentum appearance helps to:
1. Identify the product throughout the distribution channel;
2. Carry instructions for use and disposal;
3. Carry information about the product and satisfy legal requirements;
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4. Exhibit brand name producer’s name;

5. Act as an important sales aid.
Protection:
Protection to the product is very important and the type of protection required
depends upon the following factors: -
1. Name of the product;
2. Distribution system adopted for the product;
3. The total time required to protect;
4. Package system.
Protection is normally required from environment and physical hazards. The unit
package should provide protection from physio-chemical and biological hazards.
The bulk package is expected to protect the contents against rough handling,
storage and transportation.
Functions of Packaging:
1. Protection
2. Dependability
3. Storage cost of filled packages
4. Distribution and insurance cost
5. Cost due to package/ spoilage/product lose
6. Effect of the package on sales.
Disposability:
In developing countries the packaging industry has been fully criticized on the
grounds of environmental pollution. The disposal of packaging materials after use
assumes a greater importance. This was considered to be a very minor problem.
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The disposability of the package material after use had different forms, totally
eliminating the material or converting at the end of its useful life as a package.
However three methods are followed to dispose the package material after use.
Recycling, Using it as non-package appliance, Total elimination.
Package design:
A well-designed and attractive package is an ever-present shelf sales man for the
retailer. The package design itself can act as a brand. A good package is:
1. Economical (to manufacturer, to store)
2. Functional (in transit, in store, at home)
3. Communicative (of brand, of products, of performance, of usage)
4. Attractive (in color, in design, in graphic impact)
At present packaging must also solve the problem of pollution by reducing waste
and by conserving scare resources.
LABELLING:
Label is a part of a product. It gives verbal information about the product and the
seller. The purpose of labeling, like the purpose of branding is to give the customer
information about the product he is buying and what it will and will not do from
him. A label is also a part of a package or it may be attached directly to the
product. There is a very close relationship between labeling and packaging as well
as labeling and branding or grading.
Brand label mentions the brand name of mark. Grade label identifies the quality by
a letter, number or word. Descriptive and informative labels are similar; they give
helpful information on the following:
Brand name, name and address of producer, weight measure count. Ingredients by
percentages, where possible, directions for the proper use of the product,
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cautionary measures concerning the product and its use, special care of the
product, if necessary recipes of food products, nutritional guidelines, Date of
packing and date of Expiry, Retail price, and unit price for comparison.
PRODUCT WARRANTY:
In modern life we have numerous products with complicated, intricate and
elaborate mechanism, such as radio, Television, motor car, electrical appliances,
etc., an average consumer is incompetent to known the IN’s and out’s of such
sophisticated products. He will be at a loss if he is compelled to take his own care
while buying such products. Warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main
purpose of the contract. If it is broken, the victimized party, i.e., the buyer can
claim for damages but has no right to reject the contract.
A warranty is an obligation of the producer and seller to stand behind the product
and assure the buyer that he will derive certain services and satisfaction from the
product. The product warranty must be clear unambiguous and meaningful. It has
become an important selling point and a mean of product differentiation in a
competitive market. Warranties are also considered as promotional devices. Full
disclosure of warranty information will ensure the consumers right to know.
Warranty as seller aid:

A warranty is an assurance of the quality, service and performance. It is a written
guarantee of the intrinsic value of a product. It points out the responsibility of the
maker for repair, service and maintenance in the case of consumer durable. The
producer should use the word warranty instead of the word guarantee.
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After sales services:

After sales service is an important aspect of a marketing transaction. Every
increase in the use of machinery, appliances and equipment in all branches of out
economy has created a continuous demand for after sales service, i.e., for the
smooth maintenance and rapiers and low charges as well as quick access to spare
parts and accessories at responsible prices.
All manufacturers and dealers costly mechanical and electrical machines and
appliances must offer a very efficient after sales services, i.e., and free services
during the guarantee period and thereafter at low charges.
After sales service covers repairs, spare parts and maintenance. After sales service
is an important selling point helping the customer to take a quick decision to
purchase durable and costly goods. Such facilities prevent dissatisfaction,
frustration, and ill will among customers.
Benefits of after sales service

1. It can build up and maintain sellers goodwill
2. Mass distribution of costly consumers durable is possible only through
after sales service and consumer credit
3. Complaints and grievances regarding servicing and maintenance will be
promptly and efficiently dealt with by the seller
4. Sales campaign will achieve remarkable success if after sales service is
included in sales promotion
5. Free service during the guarantee period is the best selling point in the
sales of machinery and appliances.
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ANALYSIS OF JK TYRES PRODUCTS MIX
The product is the most tangible and important single component of the marketing
program. The product policy and strategy is the cornerstone of a marketing mix.
Without a product there is nothing to distribute, nothing to promote, nothing to
price. If the product fails to satisfy consumer demand, no additional cost on any of
the other ingredients of the marketing mix will improve the product performance in
the market place.
J K Tyres offers following types of product for sale:

a) Tyres
b) Tubes
c) Flaps
It is manufacturing different lines of products like Truck tyres, Light Commercial
Vehicle tyres (LCV), for jeep, passenger car, tractors etc.,
Models of tyres:
According to the needs and requirements of the consumers company is releasing to
the market: Black color tyres and the following models of tyres.
BIAS-TRUCK: -
JET-TRAK
JET-TRAK 39
HIGHRIP
SAND CUM HIGHWAY
BIAS-TRUCK/BUS: -
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JETKING
JET RIB
NULLIFY HI-WAY KIND
RADIAL-TRUCK: -
JET STEEL-NS
STEELKING-NS
RADIAL-CAR: -
RALLY
TORNADO
AQUASONIC
ULTIMA
ULTIMA XS
Because of some marketing problems and competition in the market the company
follows the policy of product consistency. So all the products or all the products
offered by the company is related to each other but not unrelated.
While introducing the new product to the market the company will take into
consideration the following factors:
a) Cost involved in the introduction of a new product to the market.
b) Demand for the product in the market
c) Competitive situation in the market for the product.
However, it is difficult for the company to explain the customers about the
suitability of its application.
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DIVERSIFICATION POLICY OF J K TYRES

Company is concentrating its attention on product diversification rather than
simplification. The main reasons for diversification of product lines are as follows:
a) Technology developments have contributed to the diversification of
product lines
b) Company is interested in widening its product line because it feels that it
could avoid the risks involved in a narrow product line
c) Company also prefers diversification of products to minimize the risks
arising out of changes in consumer’s tastes
d) It is also concentrating on diversification of products with the intention of
utilizing ideal plant capacity fully, man power and financial resources.
e) Further company also feels that through diversification it can go for
better market reach, and can get huge popularity and customer belief for
the products.
f) It feels that it can acquire more market share through diversification
g) Company also feels that if it goes for product diversification, it can create
demand for new product on the reputation of existing products.
Company’s product is meant for following types of customers:
Heavy Truck: - Commercial goods operators
Light Truck: - Light goods operators, passenger bus operators
Light Commercial Vehicles: - Passenger operators, passenger car owners, Farmers
(tractor owners)
FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCT MIX POLICY OF THE COMPANY

a) Application of its product for its suitability
b) Economy in introducing various types of products
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c) Cost factor involved

By product mix company is able to utilize the available marketing capacity fully.
However, company is not able to reduce the advertising and distribution cost by
adopting product mix. But it is possible for the company to add new product to its
existing line of product. Even the government policies do not affect the product
mix policy mix policy of the organization.
PRODUCT MODIFICATION IN J K TYRES

Company believes that if it is offering same type of product to the market
continuously without any modification, it is difficult to attract the existing and
prospective customers. Therefore, it modifies the model of tyres and other related
products as and when it is required and felt by the customers while conducting
consumer survey and by observing the behavior of the customers towards the
product.
PROFITABILITY OF THE ORGANIZATION BY PRODUCT MIX:

No doubt, company’s profitability has increased because of product and product
line expansion. However, how much profit has increased depends upon the
capacity of the product. Company is getting major share of its profit by offering for
sale Jet Rib and Jet Track.
It should be noted that company is not incurring loss from any of its product or
product line. It is because company is having its own QS standards. It will not
allow the continuation of production of the product until it reaches elimination or
deletion stage.
BRANDING IN J K TYRES
45
Company is having its own Brand name J K INDUSTRIES, which is registered

under the Trade Name and Trade Marks Act. Branding strategy of the company
indicates how the firm chooses to use branding as an integral part of its overall
marketing strategy. So branding is simple another dimension of marketing strategy.
Because of Branding, company is able to build up a bright image of the
organization, has control over the market. Further, it is quite possible for the
company to avoid product substitution.
The company’s Brand is helpful not only for creating demand for existing product
but also for new products for getting good reputation in the market.
Company’s brand has the following characteristics:

1. It is familiar to the customers
2. It is suggesting about the product
3. Its name is short, simple and easy to pronounce
4. It is capable of being registered and protect legally under the legislation
5. It is having stability and unaffected by time
6. It is not depending upon fashions and styles as they have short life
Company is adopting Family Brand names. It helps the company to have

combined advertising and sales promotion. Company is able to expand the
product mix with less risk by branding.
Advantages of branding to the customers of j k tyres:
a) Branded products of the company have uniform and standardized quality.
b) Rapid sales turnover assures fresher product
c) There is considerable saving in time in the selection of the product.
46
PACKAGING OF THE COMPANY PRODUCTS

Company is packing its products while distributing it to the market. The more
effectively a product is packaged the more effective is its identity individuality.
Packaging alone makes possible branding and advertising of products.
Company will pack its products for the purpose of protections from various types
of damages but not for the purpose of promotion. As company’s intention in its
packaging is for the purpose of giving protection to its products, it need not be that
much attractive. So it need not spend huge amount of money on packaging, so that
the price of the final product will not get increased to an enormous extent.
Packaging system is able to protect the contents from all types of breakage,
spoilage and pilferage. Consumer, therefore are not facing any major problems
with regard to packaging system of the organization. So company’s package acts as
a multi-purpose arrangement. It is fulfilling utility function of protection,
identification and convenience.
LABELING
Company’s Labeling provides verbal information about the product. The intention
of labeling is to give information to the consumers about the product he is buying
and what it will and will not do for him. It contains name, size of application,
inflation pressure, load carriable etc.,
PRODUCT WARRANTY
Company is giving warranty for its products. The warranty provided by the
company meets the obligation of manufacturing defects. If there is any damage in
the tyres distributed by the manufacturer, it can be replaced by the distributor
within the warranted period. Because of warranty given by the manufacturers both
the distributors and the consumers have been satisfied.
47
In addition to providing qualitative products, warranty etc., company is also

providing After-Sale-Service to the distributors and in turn to the ultimate
consumers like customers’ education for application, repair facilities and over all
maintenance.
Company will provide After-Sale-Service for the following terms:
a) Trucks:- 18 Months
b) Light Commercial Vehicle:- 3 Years
Though it is providing After-Sales-Service, price of the product wills not increase,
as sales turn over will increase in the same proportion. By providing after sales
service, to the customers can get better knowledge of the product and there by can
avoid losses.
Competitors of J K TYRES like MRF, Apollo, Ceat, Dunloop, Modi continental,
Bridgestone, Good Year are also providing same type of after sales service as
providing by this company.
CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION IN J K TYRES

In the field of marketing, channel of distribution indicates route or pathways
through which goods and services flow or move from producers to consumers.
J K TYRES follows the following distribution channel while distributing its
products to the market.
o FACTORY
o AREA OFFICE-DEALER-CUSTOMER
o CLEARING & FORWARDING
o DEALERS
o CUSTOMERS
48
The product manufactured by the J K TYRES follow the channels of distribution in

a very simple way. The goods manufactured in the factory the ultimate customer
from there in.
The other channels of distribution adopted by the J K TYRES are the movement of
goods from the factory point to the area office, and from there the goods are moved
towards the clearing and forwarding department, and from there towards the
dealers. And the goods move from the dealers towards the hands of the ultimate
customers.
The company will take into consideration the following factors while selecting
a particular channel for the distribution of tyres: ---
a) The situation in the factory
b) The operational cost involved
c) Product availability to the customers
d) Financial position of the dealers
e) Financial position of the company
It covers the geographical area like: -
a) Well maintained high ways
b) Crucial road in rural and sub-urban places
c) Farms
d) Mines
The company is providing 2% to 4% commission to its agents depending on the
volume of sales affected and as per the rules and regulation of the company.
The company has to go through certain formalities while distributing its products
to the maker.
a) The products have to pass through commercial tax check post
b) All the invoices and documents for the sale should satisfy the conditions
of sale of goods act.
49
The company provides 15 days of credit facility to its agents. In addition to this
facility company gives cash discount if immediate cash is paid. And turnover
discount is provided on the basis of sales affected. If the agent/distributors failed to
make payment within 15 days, they are liable to pay penalty as imposed by the
company. Company is able to supply the goods in time.
COMPANY EXPECTS THE FOLLOWING FROM THE

DISTRIBUTORS:
1) Quick payment
2) Better understanding
3) Having good knowledge about the product
In addition to selling tyres through distributors to the market company is also
selling products to the consumers if they buy in huge quantities provided if they
are a bus or truck operators.
Through a particular channel is followed by the company. It is not fixed; according
to the change in circumstances it can also change the channel.
Company has undertaken so many promotional activities like giving
advertisements in T.V’s and magazines. It provides Credit facilities, price
concessions, guarantee, warrantee, after sales services, gifts etc.,
50
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The data collected through the questionnaires is called as the primary data. The
primary data collected from 50 respondents through random sampling.
Percentages, bar diagrams, histogram, pie charts etc., are used for analysis of data.
The analysis is explained as follows: -
1. Sources through which respondents became aware

Table No-1
SI. Options No. of %
NO: Respondents
1 TV 17 34
2 News 18 36
paper/magazines
3 Friends 8 16
4 Others 7 14
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
It can be observed from the above table that 34% of the respondents are become
aware of the J K TYRE product through T V, 18 % from News paper and
magazines, and 8% and 7 % have aware through Friends and others.
Fig. 1 showing sources through which they became aware.
2. Analysis of from how many years they known about this brand.
Table No-2
51
SI. NO: OPTIONS No of %

Sources through which theyrespondents
became aware
20
1 Less than
18 2 years 9 18
18 17
2 2 to 5 years 14 28
16
3 More than 5 27 54
14
years
12
Total 50 100
10
8
8 7
6 From how many years using this product
4
2 30
25
0 20
15 1 27 Series1
10 No. of respondents
14
5 9
0
TV News2papers.Magazines
Lessthan Years 2 to 5 Years Friends
Morethan 5 Years Others
Fig. 2 showing in years known about this product.
Interpretation:
From the above table it is clear that 54% of the customers have known about the J
K Tyres Brand from more than 5 years, 25% of the customers have known from 2
to 5 years and remaining are known from less than 2 years.
3. Usage of this brand in years.
52
Table No-3
SI. NO OPTIONS No. of respondents %
1 Less than 3 years 11 22
2 3 to 5 years 18 36
3 More than 5 21 44
years
TOTAL 50 100
USAGE IN YEARS
Lessthan 3 Years
11
21
3 to 5 years
18
5 & above
Fig.3 showing usage of this brand in years.

Interpretation:
From the above table it is known that more than 44% of the customers have been
using this brand from more than 5 years and 36 %, 22% of the customers are using
from less than 3 years.
4. Analysis of preference of customers towards this product.

Table No-4
53
SI. NO: No of %
respondents
1 Quality 32 64
2 Price 8 16
3 Durability 10 20
TOTAL 50 100
Interpretation:
From the above diagram it is clear that more than (64%) the respondents prefer the
this brand because of quality, 16 % only because of price and remaining 20% of
the respondents prefer because of durability.
Preference of the customer
20%
Quality Price Durabilty

16%
64%
5. Aalysis of basis on which they purchase.

Table-5
54
SI NO: No. of respondents %

1 Cash 34 68
2 Credit 5 10
3 Half cash & Credit 11 22
TOTAL 50 100
Basis of Purchase
35
30
25
20 34
15
10
11
5 5
0
Cash Credit Half Cash & Credit
Fig. 5 showing basis on which they purchase.
Interpretation:
From the above table it is clear that more than 68% of the customers purchase on
cash basis, 10% on credit basis and 22% half cash and credit basis.
6. Analysis of satisfaction of the respondents.

Table No-6
SI NO: No. Respondents %
55
1 Yes 38 76
2 No 12 24
TOTAL 50 100
Satisfaction
No
Yes
No
Yes
Fig. 6.6 showing % of respondents satisfied
Interpretation:
From the above table it is observed that 76% of the respondents satisfied with this
brand the 24 % of the respondents are not completely satisfied with this brand.
7. Chances of shifting if they are not satisfied with this brand.

Table No-7
SI NO: No of respondents %
1 MRF 26 52
2 Ceat 5 10
3 Good year 2 4
4 Modi 4 8
56
5 TVS 5 10
6 Apollo 8 16
TOTAL 50 100
Brand they Prefer
30
25
20
15
26
10
5 8
5 4 5
0 2
MRF Ceat Good Year Modi TVS Apollo
Fig.7 showing the chances of shifting to other brand.
Interpretation:
From the above table 52 % of the respondents will shift to the MRF tyres, 16%
shift to the Apollo, 20% of the respondents shift to the TVS and Ceat products and
remaining 12 % (8+4) will shift to Good year and Modi products.
8. Analysis of switching to this brand.

Table No-8
SI NO: No of %
respondents
1 Initial mileage 8 16
2 Re- treading 20 40
3 After sales service 10 20
57
4 Performance 12 24
TOTAL 50 100
Source: primary data
switch to this brand
16% Initial Milage

24%
Re- treading
After sales service
20% 40%
Performance
Fig.8 showing the why they prefer this brand.
Interpretation:
From the above table 40 % of the respondents like the brand for re-trading and 24
% of the respondents for performance and 20 % for after sales services and 16%
for the initial mileage.
9. Analysis of price.
Table No-9
SI NO: No of %
respondents
1 Yes 42 84
2 No 8 16
58
TOTAL 50 100
Source: primary data
Price Satisfaction
42
Fig.9 showing the price satisfaction.
Interpretation:
From the above table it is known that 84 % of the respondents are happy with the
price of this brand and remaining 16 % of the responders are unhappy with this
brand.
10. Analysis of factors they consider while purchasing the tyres.

Table No-10
1 Quality 21 42
2 Durability 18 36
3 Price 11 22
TOTAL 50 100
59
Factors they Consider
Price 11
Durability 18
Quality 21
0 5 10 15 20 25
Fig.10 showing the factor considered while purchasing the tyres.
Interpretation:
From the above table it is clear that while purchasing the tyres most of the (42%)
respondents consider the quality, 36% of the respondents consider the durability
and 22 % of them consider the price of the product.
11. Analysis of average period of purchasing the tyres.

Table No-11
1 3 Months 3 6
2 6 Months 6 12
3 9 Months 16 32
4 1 year & above 25 50
60
TOTAL 50 100
Average period of Purchase
30 25
20 16
10 6
3
0
3 Months 6 Months 9 Months 1 Year &
more
Fig.11 Showing the average period of purchase.

Interpretation:
It is difficult to tell that average period of purchasing it depends on how use their
vehicle and the weight they carry. From the above table we came to know that 50
% of the respondents purchase tyres once in a year. And less than 32 % purchase
within 9 months.
12. Analysis of major advantages in this product.
Table No-12
1 Everything 29 58
2 Nothing --
3 Initial mileage 17 34
61
4 Smoothness 4 8
TOTAL 50 100
Major advantages
35
29
30
25
20 17
15
10
4
5
0
0
in
g
in
g ge e ss
h h a
e rit ot ile t hn
N M oo
Ev al
iti Sm
In
Fig. 12 showing the major advantages they find in this product.
Interpretation:
From the above table58% of the respondents accepted that the product of the JK
Tyres for everything and 34% find major advantage of initial mileage and 8% for
smoothness of the product.
13. Analysis of satisfaction of design of this product.

Table No-13
62
1 Yes 32 64
2 No 18 36
TOTAL 50 100
Satisfaction of Design
36%
Yes
64% No
Fig.13 showing the satisfaction of design of the product.
Interpretation:
From the above table and graph it is observed that more than 64% of the
respondents are satisfied with the design of the JK Tyres, and remaining are not
satisfied.
14. Analysis of the outlook and style of this brand.

Table No-14
63
1 Yes 38 76
2 No 12 24
TOTAL 50 100
Out look & Style
24%
Yes
76% No
Fig. 14 showing the outlook and style of the product respondents
Interpretation:
From the above table and diagram it is observed that more than 76 % of the
respondents are satisfied with the style and design of this brand and remaining are
not satisfied.
15. Other services preferred from this brand.

TABLE-15
SI NO No of %
respondents
64
1 Product knowledge 13 26
2 Door delivery 15 30
3 Monthly camp 22 44
TOTAL 50 100
Fig.15 showing the services they prefer.

Interpretation: Services Prefered
From the above table it is clear that (44%) most of the respondents are prefer
monthly camp, 30%25
prefer door delivery of the product and 26% prefer like
product knowledge.20
15
16. Analysis of the relationship they have with this brand. 22
10
13Table No-16 15
5
0 Door
Product
deliveryDoor Deliviry Mnthly
Knowledge Camp
1 Regular 35 70
2 Occasional 7 14
3 Special 5 10
4 Rare 3 6
TOTAL 50 100
65
Relationship
35
30
25
20 35
15
10
5 7 5 3
0
Regular Occassional Special Rare
Fig.16 showing the relationship they have with this brand.

Interpretation:
From the above table it can be observed that 70% have the regular relationship, and
14% of the respondents are occasional relation and 10 % have Special relationship.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS& CONCLUSION
66
I would like to bring out my survey findings & suggestions are explained with
reference to survey data. The findings are recorded in tables and graphs, from the
study the following findings were made.
1 FINDINGS:
 It is found in survey that 24 % of the respondents are not satisfied with the
product quality.
 It is observed that only 18 % of the respondents are dissatisfied for the after
sales service.
 It is observed from the survey that many of your consumers want to shift over
to MRF (52%), Ceat (10%), TVS (10%), Modi (8%), and 4% to Good year.
 24% and 76% of the respondents are dissatisfied with the re-treading and
mileage performance of J K TYRES.
 It is found in the survey that most of the respondents are getting information
about the JK Tyres products through the Television (34 %) and Newspaper
(36%).
 In the survey it came to know that most of the respondents have come to know
about the JK Tyres from more than 5 years, it is clear that the JK tyres company
has been taking steps to give information about its products.
 It is observed through the survey that only 16 % of the respondents are cost
conscious, and 64 % of the respondents are quality conscious they prefer only
because of quality and durability.
 It is found in the survey that 40 % of the respondents switching to this brand
because of re-treading and 24% are because of performance.
67
 While purchasing tyres 42% of the respondents consider quality. 36% of the
respondents consider durability of course price is also major important they
don’t worry about this much more.
 Purchasing of tyres frequently is depends upon the how they use vehicles and
the weight they carry, more than 50% of the respondents purchase once in a
year.
 More than 44 % of the respondents preferred service of the monthly camp for
quick knowledge.
 It is observed in the survey that more than 64% of the respondents satisfied with
the design, and 76% of the respondents satisfied with the out look and style of
the tyres.
 Company is not encouraging credit basis of selling the products.
 Regarding pricing when compared with the other competitors pride of this
product, respondents are happy with the price of the JK tyres because quality
and price are equal.
 More than 58 % of the respondents have accepted this brand only because they
are getting major advantages form this brand.
2 SUGGESTIONS:
From the above findings the following suggestions were made.
1. Quality is a main tool to get a good market of the product. The quality
should be accepted by all respondents. Even if a small percentage are
dissatisfied, they always reject and opinion always will negative. In this
context it is suggested that the company should improve the quality of
tyres, tubes and other items to win the consumers hearts to obtain the
market share.
68
2. In every business customer care is very important in post and pre sale,
many precautionary steps should be taken in all the levels of the
activities. It is suggested that company should introduce programs like
consumer council, sale after service etc. these steps will encourage the
consumers to explain their own feelings and opinion.
3. Satisfaction of old customer and searching for new customer is the main
policy of all the business. In this respect it is suggested that maintaining
good quality, economy in price, promotional policy and appointing
effective dealers will help to attract the new customers.
4. Credit system introduction is necessary in mobilizing of sale. This
system will help to keep many more customers as well as getting new
customer.
5. It is suggested that the dissatisfaction of the customer will loose the
reputation and switching over to competitors product. In this aspect it is
suggested that improvement and standardization of the product quality will
bring down the problems while marketing the product.
3 CONCLUSIONS:
Success and failure of any business enterprise depend upon the quality products
and services that company provides. In the present scenario customers are more
attracted towards the quality.
In olden days customers preferred the products that were suggested by the friends
and neighbors. But now it is not like that they purchase which ever they, like
because they are getting information about the product quality and about the
company’s marketing strength.
In order to demonstrate its commitments towards quality, JK Tyre has made never-
ending efforts to make all its products of world-class quality.
69
Even though competitions at international market, JK Tyre keep its name and fame
in the international market by consciously following a policy of continuously
modernizing and expanding its tyre manufacturing facilities to retain its edge in the
market.
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MARKETING MANAGEMENT-- SHERLEKAR
MARKETING MANAGEMENT-- PHILIP KOTLER
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT-- GANDHI
MARKETING MANAGEMENT-- W.J. STANTON
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- O.R. KRISHNA SWAMI
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- C.R. KOTHARI
WEB SITE-- www.jktyre.com
Economic Times-- Daily newspaper
Business Line-- Daily newspaper
JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES: -

 THE WEEK
 BUSINESS INDIA
 OUT LOOK
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“PRODUCT MIX STRATEGIES OF JK TYRES”.

Introduction Of Tyre Manufacturing Industry

In this dynamic landscape characterized by technological disruption, shifting consumer

J K Industries is a mega corporate entity that is emblematic of excellence, diversification and

Product mix of a company has three main characteristics: -

Historical Overview and Economic Impact of Tyre

Historical Overview of tyre manufacturing industry

 Industrialization and Standardization:

 Globalization and Consolidation:

 Sustainability and Innovation:

-Contribution to national economy

 Employment Generation: Tyre manufacturing facilities provide direct employment

 Investment and Infrastructure Development: The tyre manufacturing industry attracts

 Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tyre manufacturing companies contribute to the national

 Technological Advancement and Innovation: The tyre manufacturing industry fosters

Evolution of Tyre Manufacturing Industry

1. Early Years (Pre-Independence to 1960s):

2. Emergence of Major Players (1970s to 1990s):

3. Liberalization and Global Integration (1990s to 2000s):

4. Technological Advancements and Innovation (2000s to Present):

5. Focus on Sustainability and Green Initiatives:

6. Global Competitiveness and Market Expansion:

Challenges Faced by Tyre Manufacturing Industry in

1. Raw Material Price Volatility:

2. Environmental Regulations and Sustainability:

5. Supply Chain Disruptions:

6. Regulatory Compliance and Product Safety:

- Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards requires investments in testing, certification,

7. Energy Efficiency and Cost Management:

8. Talent Acquisition and Skills Gap:

Emerging Opportunities of Tyre Manufacturing Industry

The tyre manufacturing industry is undergoing significant transformation, presenting several

1. Electric Vehicles (EVs) Market:

2. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs):

3. Smart Tyre Technology:

4. Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing:

5. Digitalization and Industry 4.0:

- Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies offer opportunities to enhance efficiency,

6. Customization and Personalization:

Tyre Manufacturing Process

1. Raw Material Preparation:

a. Building the Tyre:

Furthermore, the development of eco-friendly materials, such as silica-based compounds and

Moreover, tyre manufacturers are exploring circular economy principles by implementing

In conclusion, the tyre manufacturing industry is undergoing significant transformations driven

2.1 TITLE OF THE PROJECT STUDY

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: -

2.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: -

2.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED: -

Sample size has taken 50 respondents.

2.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: -

3.1 VISION OF JK TYRES

As J K Tyre grew from strength to strength, demand for tyres increased

3.2 WHAT IS J K TYRE: -

3.3 PRODUCT MIX OF JK TYRES: -

ABOUT THE RALLY: -

THE DIFFERENT AWARDS HELD BY THE J K TYRE AND J K

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The American Marketing Association defines “ Marketing as the performance of

The set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchange.

There are 4 basic forms of marketing communication: -

In short, a product is the sum of physical, economic, social and psychological

RESONS FOR BRANDING: