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LIMITS QUIZ

(1)
Look at the graph of the function f , then consider the limit

y f (x) − f (0)
lim .
x→0 x
Which of the followings is true?
f (x) (a) The value of the limit is positive.
(b) The value of the limit is negative.

(2) The value of


3tan(x) − 3x
lim
x→0 2x3
is
(a) 0.5.
(b) 1.5.
(c) 2.
(d) 3.
Hint: use a calculator to guess the answer.
(3) Let

⎪a − x if x ≥ 1,

f (x) = ⎨

⎪x − a if x < 1.

Find a so that lim f (x) exists but f is not continuous at x = 1.
x→1
(a) a = 1. (b) a = 0. (c) a = 0.5. (d) Does not exist a.
(4) Let f and g be two functions such that f (0) = −3, g(0) = 1 and f (x) = g(x) for any x ≠ 0. Which of the followings
is correct?
(a) lim f (x) = −3. (b) lim g(x) > lim f (x) if both limits exist.
x→0 x→0 x→0
(c) lim g(x) = lim f (x) if both limits exist. (d) lim g(x) > 0.
x→0 x→0 x→0
(5) It is known that if f is continuous on [a,b] and f (a) f (b) < 0 then the equation f (x) = 0 must have a solution
p ∈ [a,b]. For example, the equation

x3 − x2 + 1 − cos(x) = 0 (⋆)

has a solution p ∈ [1,2]. This can be seen by f (1) < 0 and f (2) > 0, where f (x) = x3 − x2 + 1 − cos(x).
We can apply this result to find approximate solutions for many complicated equations, when finding of the exact
solutions is difficult. The following method is called the bisection method. Let’s take the equation (⋆) as an
example.
We already knew that (⋆) has a solution p ∈ [1,2]. Assume that in this interval, (⋆) has only p as a unique
solution, but at the moment we do not know where p is. In the next step, we consider the midpoint of [1,2], that
is x0 = 23 . Then calculate f (x0 ), we see that f ( 23 ) ≈ 1.5015 > 0. Now, because f (1) < 0 and f (x0 ) > 0, we know
that p ∈ [1, 23 ]. By repeating this process, in the next step, consider the midpoint of [1, 32 ], let’s say x1 . Then
determine whether f (x1 ) is positive or negative. If it is positive then we will focus on [1,x1 ] in the next step,
otherwise we will focus on [x1 , 23 ]. So the process continues to obtain x2 ,x3 and so on. It is clear that xk converges
to p, as k → +∞. So we can use xk as approximate solutions to our equation.
Use the above method to find x10 for the equation (⋆).
(a) 1.2423. (b) 1.2344. (c) 1.2427. (d) 1.2424.

1
(1) 6 6

4 4

y y

2 2

K2 K1 0 1 2 3 4 K2 K1 0 1 2 3 4
x x

K2 K2

K4 K4

What is the value of lim f (x)? What is the value of lim f (x)?
x→1 x→1
(a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 4. (b) 2.
(c) Does not exist. (d) 1. (c) Does not exist. (d) 5.

(2) Use a calculator to guess


ln(x + 1)sin(x) − x2
lim .
x→0 x3
(a) 1. (b) −1. (c) −0.4. (d) −0.5.
⎧ 2
⎪−x + 1 if x > −1,

(3) Let f (x) = ⎨

⎪−2 if x ≤ −1.

(1) The value of lim f (x) is
x→−2
(a) −2. (b) −3. (c) 1. (d) Does not exist.
(2) The value of lim f (x) is
x→−1
(a) 0. (b) −2. (c) 1. (d) Does not exist.
arctan(cos(x))
(4) Find lim .
x→0 sin(cos(x))
(5) Let

⎪0
⎪ if x ≠ 0,
f (x) = ⎨

⎪1 if x = 0.

Find lim ( f ○ f )(x).
x→0
⎧ ⎧
⎪0 if x ≠ 0,
⎪ ⎪x2
⎪ if x ≠ 0,
(6) Let f (x) = ⎨ and g(x) = ⎨

⎪ 1 if x = 0, ⎪
⎪1 if x = 0.
⎩ ⎩
(1) f (lim g(x)) is
x→0
(a) 0. (b) 1. (c) −1. (d) 2.
(2) lim f (g(x)) is
x→0
(a) 0. (b) 1. (c) −1. (d) 2.
(3) Which of the following conclusion is true?
(a) lim f (g(x)) = f (lim g(x)). (b) lim f (g(x)) ≠ f (lim g(x)).
x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0
(7) Let

⎪bx if x > 0,



f (x) = ⎨−x if x < 0,



⎩a
⎪ if x = 0.
(a) Determine a and b such that lim f (x) exists. (b) Determine a and b such that f is continuous at x = 0.
√ x→0


⎪ x2 + 2x + 1
⎪ if x ≠ −1,
(8) Let f (x) = ⎨ ax + a What value of a such that f is continuous at x = −1?


⎪1
⎩ if x = −1.
(a) 1. (b) −1. (c) 0. (d) Does not exist.
1
2

(9) Use a calculator to guess the values of the following limits.


(1) lim ln(∣x∣).
x→0

(a) 0. (b) + ∞. (c) − ∞. (d) 1.


1
x+1 x
(2) lim ( ) .
x→+∞ x + 2

(a) 0. (b) 1. (c) − 1. (d) + ∞.


x
x+1
1
(3) lim ( ) .
x→−∞ ∣x + 2∣
(a) 0. (b) 1. (c) − 1. (d) − ∞.

(10)

y
Look at the graph of the function f , then consider the limit
f (x) − f (1)
f lim .
x→1 x−1
Which of the followings is true?

(a) The value of the limit is positive.


(b) The value of the limit is negative.

1 x

0 f (x)
(11) Suppose that you are calculating a limit in a form , that is you are working on the limit lim in which
0 x→x0 g(x)
lim f (x) = 0 and lim g(x) = 0. For example,
x→x0 x→x0

x2 − 1 x2 − 4
lim
or lim .
x→1 x − 1 x→2 x − 2
In this situation, the answers for these limits cannot be seen straight away, because each individual limit has a
different value. For example
x2 − 1 x2 − 4
lim = 2, however lim = 4.
x→1 x − 1 x→2 x − 2
0
Therefore, we call the form an “indeterminate form”. Besides this form, the followings are also indeterminate
0
forms
00 , 1+∞ , , 1−∞ .
±∞
±∞
For example,
lim (1 + x) x2 is an indeterminate form, that is 1+∞ .
1

x→0
When you see a limit in an indeterminate form, you need to work out a bit to find the value of the limit (for
1
instance, using a calculator). However, if you see a limit not an indeterminate form, for example (+∞) , the
1
answer is usually straightforward. For example, the value of any limit in the form (+∞) is the same, that
1 1 1+x
is +∞. So, lim (1 + x) x2 is not clear to see the answer right away, however lim ( 2 ) = +∞. Similarly,
x→0 x→0 x
x 1
lim (∣ln∣x − 1∣∣) = +∞, because it is also in the form (+∞) .
x→1

Determine which of the followings are indeterminate forms.


sin(x−1) ln(∣x − 1∣)
(a) lim (cos(x − 1)) . (b) lim 1
.
x→1 x→1
e (x−1)2
x3 − 2x − 1 1 x
(c) lim . (d) lim (1 + ) .
x→−1 sin(x + 1) x→−∞ x
A - Domain and Range
1
(a) Let f (x) = . Evaluate f (1/2) and find the domain of f .
1
1+
1
1+
x

7 − x2 − 9
(b) Find the domain of f (x) = √ .
25 − x2

B - Compose and Decompose


√ 4
(a) Let f (x) = x, g(x) = , and h(x) = x2 . Evaluate (h ◦ ((h ◦ g ◦ f ) − f ))(4)
5−x
√ 1
(b) Let f (x) = x2 , g(x) = 9 + x and h(x) = . Evaluate (h ◦ (f ◦ g − g ◦ f ))(4)
x−2
(c) Let f (x) = cos x and g(x) = x2 for all x. Write each of the following functions in terms of f and g.
Example. If h(x) = cos2 x2 , then h = g ◦ f ◦ g.
i. h(x) = cos x2
ii. h(x) = cos x4
iii. h(x) = cos(cos2 x)
iv. h(x) = cos2 (x4 + x2 )

C - Inverse function
(a) Find the inverse function of f (x) = x2 − 4x where x < 2.
(b) Find the inverse function of f where f (ex ) = ln x3 + 1

D - Limit
Evaluate the limit
x3 − x2 − 5x − 3
(a) lim
x→−1 x3 + 6x2 + 9x + 4
2x sin x
(b) lim
x→0 1 − cos x

x2 − x + 4 − 2
(c) lim
x→0 x2 + 3x
√ √ √
(d) lim x( x + 3 − x − 2)
x→∞
(2x4 − 137)5
(e) lim
x→∞ (x2 + 429)1 0
(
3x + 2 x < −2
(f) lim − f (x) and lim + f (x) where f (x) = 2
x→−2 x→−2 x + 3x − 1 x ≥ −2
E - Continuity
(a) Find the number at which f is discontinuous. At which of these numbers is f continuous from the
right, from the left, or neither

1

2
1 + x ,
 x≤0
i. f (x) = 2 − x, 0<x≤2
(x − 2)2 ,

x>2

x + 1,
 x≤1
ii. f (x) = 1/x, 1<x<3
√x − 3,

x≥3
(b) Find the values of a and b that make f continuous everywhere
 2
x −4

 x<2
x−2

f (x) = ax2 − bx + 3 2 ≤ x < 3


2x − a + b x≥3

F - Asymptotes
|x − 1|
(a) Let the function f (x) = . Find all the asymptotes of f .
|x| − 1
(b) Find the asymptotes of f
1 + x4
i. f (x) = 2
x − x4
2x2 + x − 1
ii. f (x) = 2
x +x−2
x3 − x
iii. f (x) = 2
x − 6x + 5

2
esin(x)
(1) How many vertical asymptotes of the curve y = ?
ln(1 + x)
(a) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 0.
sin(x)
(2) Find horizontal asymptotes of the curve y = .
x
(a) y = 0. (b) y = 1.
(c) y = −1. (d) y = 2.
x3
(3) Find vertical asymptotes of the curve y = √ .
x2 − 1
(a) x = 1. (b) x = −1. (c) x = ±1. (d) x = 2.
2018
cosh(e−x )
(4) How many horizontal asymptotes of the curve y = ?
arctan(x)
(a) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 0. √
x3 + 1
(5) How many slant asymptotes of the curve y = √ ?
ln(x x )
(a) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 0. √
(6) How many slant asymptotes of the curve y = 2019
(x + sin( 1x ))(x2018 + x)?
(a) 1. (b)
√ 2. (c) 3. (d) 0.
3 x6 +1
(7) Let f (x) = √
4 12 . Choose the correct statement?
x +x
(a) y = f (x) has two vertical asymptotes, one horizontal and one slant asymptote.
(b) y = f (x) has two vertical asymptotes and two slant asymptotes.
(c) y = f (x) has one vertical asymptote and two slant asymptotes.
(d) y = f (x) has no vertical and horizontal asymptote.
x2
(8) Which of the followings is the graph of f (x) = on [−3,0]?
x−1

(a) (b)

(9)
Choose the correct statement.
(a) f ”(−0.5) < 0.
(b) f ”(0.5) < 0.
(c) f ′ (−0.5) < 0.
(d) f ′ (0.5) < 0.

x2
(10) How many local maxima of f (x) = on (−1,1)?
x2 + x + 1
(a) 0. (b) 1. (c) 2. (d) 3.
(11) Find the absolute minimum of f (x) = 3x4 − 8x3 − 6x2 + 24x + 1 on [−2,2].
(a) 1. (b) 9. (c) −18. (d) −20.
x2
(12) At which point the function f (x) = changes from decrease to increase?
2 + x2
(a) x = 0. (b) x = −1. (c) x = 1. (d) Does not exist.
(13) At which point the derivative of the function f (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 9x + 2 changes from increase to decrease?
(a) x = 1. (b) x = 2. (c) x = 3. (d) Does not exist.
(14) Let f (x) = −x4 + 4x3 − 6x2 + 4x. Which of the followings is the graph of f on [0,1]?

(a) (b)
(15)

Which of the following functions has the graph as shown?

x2 − 2 x3
(a) f (x) = . (b) f (x) = .
1−x 1−x
x2
(c) f (x) = √ . (d) f (x) = x2 .
1−x

(16)

Which of the following functions has the graph as shown?

x2 + 1 e−x
(a) f (x) = . (b) f (x) = .
x x
x+1 ex
(c) f (x) = 2 . (d) f (x) = .
x x

(17)

Which of the following functions has the graph as shown?

x2 x3
(a) f (x) = . (b) f (x) = .
x2 − 1 1 − x2
x3 x2
(c) f (x) = . (d) f (x) = .
x2 − 1 1 − x2

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