بررسی جایگاه تشبیه و تمثیل در اندیشه های تعلیمی سعدی

'/YB X .
'
. 8 # 2>'/YB
PXV\ + 4PWSV B 47/# [ 47Z>B N

-∗

∗∗

! "#
$1 . $## +,-( . /' #( )* $ %&
% # 4# 2 "%32 . )* -%. -
);2 3 $ # 2 . 56%2 7/ #( ,& 8 9:
:1 / 2* =' .# 2 $ < :1 / 2*
A B C1 * $#D- /$ ?.-@2 /=>2
?F9 /! E # =' # .## B 2 #( &1(
I B ='2 H >2 D.-@2 /# G =' . $ / %
5K! 32 ## ' J.2 J%32 /='2 $#D- 4='2
h.aghahosaini@ltr.ui.ac.ir <DL $G'# ! 8 # #- ∗

elhamsaiedan@yahoo.com <DL $G'# ! 8 # -M# -(2* I# ∗∗
SV/W/VV T UB O SP/PP/PQ NL O

PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / V
$ . 2 # ='2 ='2 ]D9 ^> &1( 5H ^ 2
] 7M #( _ # 5 ` =' $#D- # /# G % . > 2
# GGa =' / * ]>2 I/YB # .
7 . # * +( $Gb =' _ # # >L
.# 2 $ >/ , ? E ?F9 4-(# B

.5`9N 45 ` 4 =' 4 4 . 47 .
! "
* # $ c F2 8d2 ' _ >=2 )*
2 "# # # _ B /( . _ . $# 7 %e
# 2 f1g )* . g . .## $Y # <E /'
4 =/U2 /' &1( 5%2 = i ' * [ > $ > h /
! "# # . .(PnQ :PWSl 4/.) >B 2K2 j
.# 2 52 ! 9 -2 "# $ I@ / -< # 7/
4 / 4p e3 5 =& D.-@2 /A . "# ! - U )* #
A 7 & (Sn :PW\V 4Z2) $ $# q >B
. - # / % e &# 4 @. < 4 # a #
4 # ! a 4$ ! B # ( U
> 2 # G>% $# 2*r=g # _ # 2] >
. - U b #(
W / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
<E . 47-D/ & #

>/ .## +,-( q #( >@ $ %& #
$ ,& -! >`2 _ # ` 7] # * #
4! 4_-b 4 4f1( a D.-@2 2K2 $# >/ N:
- . $#*# 8= s. ` # >2 >/ p'
# . 2 -(> ! "# . // > 7/ -%.
'>9# 8 N`2 $ / ?.-@2 > 3 &1( 56%2 )*
,& # .% $ # )* ,3>2 . . > 2 c F2
/ I $ # 2 &1( 56%2 7/ e N: -
/E K2 # ?.-@2 /=>2 N: # . 2 p ! G#
_d2 ee32 ( . /# 2 b 7/ > # 7 . p' > 7/ #
%& 9 # 4(Vtn :PWtQ 42) -%# >: ^
"%32 ! N: r /$.b u
a w >2# ( e 2* 7/ e 2 #- 7/ » .# 2
f1( h / b # . # I rb s #
% . f1( # ... w% b e : =
.# B 2 8> =32 - #b 2 2#* N
. e f1( e e # p' .%/ p' # &1( h / /
# !F9 .(VnW :PWyQ 4" ) « 7 .% U ##
$ 8# ( 3 , > 2 $ ^.F2 #( 8 9:
$# ( = 4## B 2 3 , >B 7/ e N: # >
:!
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / Q
-# ". "% ""% "#+# / 01" "# $ % &'(# & )* +,
(544 :456 3*)
## B 2 . z=2 c g #( )* 2 # #( >2 >/
3 , >B &1( A B C1 #( +( 9 / < -2 >
: > 2 ! 2
9)""; "" ""; "") / / ""$@/ 9)""% +"", ": ""; &'(""# "
<""; ""A ; "". B+""/ ""; <""% &""=>/ ?+""$ ""; "") # ""$
(D :455 3 C)
>-=2 > 2 qD9 - . ^9F2 # +( $
$ Z r>-2 5< $ # @ - /
e N # > 2 * 8= # $ ? F9 2 .
' 4% 9( >L $ % I>@ >a / . 2 2 > ?.
* .(VnQ :PWyQ 4") % >a * # 7/ >L
#( 2 r{>, ?. |1G> 9( (# ^>2 /* I>@
$ &1( 56%2 c g # .(Vl :PW\P 4 9%) 2*
r>L .b ?.-@2 >/ /# G $#D- * 2 #( A1 #-
A1 )} 4 =' >2 /* A @- A< 4J>b _ >2
4* $# /E h1( . > 2 >a # #(
.# 2 * $ >( * # /~ # 52} /! E /!F9
. &1( A1 /8<2 # /!F9 /
)} 8 & 4 $ / GN12 '( %D ! =9:
- G $ # A1 /$.b ee32 ( D}-2 . '@ 2 ]
n / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
* -%# &1( ) ! L $=- - >2 )* (

&1( /' - (nVn :PWVW 4 u) ># 2 9( /$.b
>a 9 # .(PQt :PWtQ 42) $ ( 2 (>
#( # 2 -(# B * / 2# #
. > 2 $ @ B 2 2b 4 2 >a / &1( z=2 ?.-@2
* C*F / *A / =1F G) : "E

>/ , . _>-2 7 . # >/ /# G
# )* # =' . =' 4# 2 $ < * . 2K2 #
2% .# 2 $.b A1 # D.-@2 /8L ## #> 2 r
s ^.F2 s cK # $ @ # =' ~
.%. s * 4$# &1( e e s - > D- ='
L> # -' / 2 $ # .# 2 7%Z2 /5 `
# ## -' # u9=2 # >a 4## +,-( 5 ` N (
&1( /5 ` # .(WSP :PWyl 4 > D ) $ - >:
> 2 & A1 > 2 qD9 e = #( ] 3 & fH
8= . ! 2 @ )} D9 /E I* #2 % #
#( > 2 $ F p # -! / =' <> G#
='2 $1 . > 2 $.b >9# >/*T( 12 qD9 # .
$ -! %32 J.2 2 . /5 ` / =' ^9:
# . 2 / 7<! 5& % / -
. $# # +( A #
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / t
* # 2 $ /'2 &1( / =' # G# b 5& -
-%. - # B B # -2 /5 ` # # >@ 8 &
-%. ` - 7] a . 8 9: ,& -' ^ 2
#* 2 7/ ! =>2 NZ2 * # -! / s
$ ,& N: 9 # ## &1( 5L s G> N`2
2 N: # 8 # !& 4 d2 /# 32 b
c g $ 'N# ?.-@2 /=>2 <> /#
>B 4 #( - 2% - -%. =% /5 `
_>-2 B B /5 ` =>2 NZ2 b / -=9 ## B 2
:# 2 B B 5 ` I N: s <a # N`2 > 4 >
+ U"A "# , # H! &,/ ") H"*I % @ % &/J!
+" +"# P+, / @ A # % +# &A@ KLM NA * ;
"; " +"A R$ / Q OP "; Q" +"A R$ G#@
/ &" H1" A ; A # + % *" " S"CT A =# % F *
(5ED :456 3*)
$ / L( >/ /! E /!F9 # 5 ` ='
5`9 N 5 ` 4 =' -# A1 # -! 8< =' .# 2
* p&# /! E 7 . # * $Gb Ie 2# # 4$# 7 %e
.7# B 2 A1 #
=1F " "E
D.-@2 /8L &1( /' 7 . ]>2
# <b 5& - . $# $ < =' G# _ < =' !d /
y / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
... A 4% 5`2 &1( 2 * # 2 $ # / =' ^9:
J.2 ^g@2 4 -! A $ 2 # < ='
. > 2 ^ : * AZ ^g@2 * 32 2 J%32 *# 4$#
C# 4+ >2 % &1( : /.,( / Y " # _d2
4# 2 #( A1 # / =' % . > 2 f L 7/ ...
% D>2 /.,( % .B g / - ## '
. %D /I/( # >2 ## 2 N 9 % 2
8DL =9: . /- # 8< =' /='2 >
B # =' &1( D>2 =`2 / Y
# -! /='2 _ . * 2 * AZ ^g@2 -@ G
/.,( ( ^ 2 2 . b (# 7/ / ='
# 5& J%32 /='2 .e 2 9e2 &1(
* ^g@2 4 -! A /% # 8 Z * 2
e! A# 2 2 . 8< =' $ ^b2 2 . > 2
/ =' /='2 ^9: r& # . 7<! 5& $# 5 ,3 +( '&
12 $ . # # 2< B <> A1 # -!
7. # / =' $Gb . -! =g J%32
:# 2 H * / &1( 7 /D2
> : ='2 % :='2
I &A V/@ ) % R"" "" ""; "" ""; ""$
(W :4W 3*)
# ?.-@2 /< = > 2 =' > % #

PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / \
> >d g % ?F9 7/ # .# #Z 2 $ *

: > 2 A r F2 # - $ ='
"C% ") Z"F "; "); +"# % ""=; ""$ X ""N ""; / ""Y
(W5 :4W 3*)
* b ^9b - A1 # # B 8< =' ='
* > 2 G# =9& # ED9 / 2 ='
: .b
... / U"+$ ? ". / 0F ; +"": "" 91"". "") / / "";
-#"$ "; &" C% % -"" " ; "";"" C " )/ "") ""#
(WW : C)
/ N ] #2 K2 b #( /='2
# N`2 > w > 2 4 > 2 H ?.-@2 /=>2
>2 8 % $# =' ' 5K! % G# b
: /# 2 -'
' : ='2 5K! % :='2
&1"; 9\"I " 1"CA ; &1"". ""% ""F -""UN / ""; ""
(D : C)
7 -' & $ #B -# ,@
h L -' Z - # b2 % 5K! % 2 # -! 6g
r& # 4 K2 ^>-2 ' % =' 4# ]
7 2 1/ 6g 7 #( ' # ,& $ > @
.# %2 % '
S / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
: ='2 ( :='2

-#" @ "=; #+F % , +$ -"# &"C> &"R)RY CY = M
(544 :456 3*)
7 /D2 /* 2 # 2 =' >B 7/ 8 #

: -! &1(
# -# :='2 4# ( :='2 F. :='2 4 :='2 < :='2 4#b :='2
. % / :='2 4J/ / :='2 2> :='2 4_ d :='2
"", ""# /+"" N"" +""F "; 0"# ". & A +F +:
""; ""% R""/ _+"" +"" """"" """" # ]/ """"^/
(64 :4W 3 C)
s 8DL 4 < s % #b =' * 2 ~ >a
d -! I B # # ( B ^g@2 ' 2 , %
7.%2 .## 2 J/ / B 4$# ^ : _
8 & 4 ( 2 ! J/ / # ^g@2 :1
% / %D // =' 2 # #( - U )}
^ 2 * 2 * B # 4## - D>2 ,@ /% #
. > *# $ >( J/ / B
% >%B 8DL ^g@2 - # =' G# 8 #
- B # 8< D B - # ... C# 4 7 4rg >2
: $# $ <
# : ='2 rg :='2
&"A+# ", "=Y <"% "; ) =# &""A+#/ S""CT `/ ""% / ""%
(a5 : C)
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / Pl
= : ='2 * :='2

@/ "". ""%"" <""U# d"" ""; @ """=# / """b$ """%c """b%
(ae :4W 3*)
Z > : ='2 7 :='2
"", "". / ""# "";9""A ". "b#@ &" &" ; 9A
(a5 : C)
: ='2 D :='2
""% ?+ " , <""U# g"" h ""% ""% ?+""$ "" f"" ""%
(a6 : C)
# : ='2 D :='2
"""# G; / """. """; / """ ""# dC <""U# C""A ""; +""F
(64 : C)
I* :='2 8< :='2
&"AiG; "% &'(# 0) ) &1"$ \"! ?CY / + /.
R""F "" j@ -""F ""; +"", ""; R"Q; @ &" -"F f+A %
(5e :455 3*)
A~ d : ='2 C# :='2
' 4# # b 2 A~ d -D C#
.(P\t :/)
% $ :='2 A & A# :='2
& " &" "$"F " ; &"/ +"Y "% +"F "* ;
(WD :4W 3 C)
PP / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
.@- f 4$ 4 *C 4 ( : ='2 # :='2
? "= +"$ # A k@ 39C Y @ ; ? "= +"$ #% , A =# # $
? "= +$ #+d V@/ l#+, ; 9# g " +$ $ &C /+, / 9# R;
(54E :456 3*)
4* - # p. - # # -%B ## ' 8 #
# -2 ='2 ='2 4 =' # . > 2 =' %B 2 #
.(Q\ :PW\W 4% ) > 2 «rb ='» *
< 5=g : ='2 $#< 8~e2 :='2
&"" ""F H""=T +""; fB ""! &" " "# C#+: & %
(WD :4W 3*)
/ A1 # 4 < > 2 ## L e! 9( 5=g
# 7/ G# b # . $ H $#< # @ ='2 >
: $# =' * 5 # d
""% &"" ""$ 9+""d; ""# @ ""F m"" 9F "" @ ""
&" "F H"=T g"# ; % / $ &" " +"A / "% 9#;
(Dn : C)
(# : ='2 8 2 % :='2
&",/ "; "; +" f" "; &",/ $ "A ]/@ ) ?/@
(WD : C)
2K2 c g * /='2 (#
.## B 2 &1(
(# : ='2 # I%B * / :='2
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / PV
/ """; / """# ?+""": &""",/ / " $ ) - " . @ ""# C# +""% ""
(a6 :4W 3*)
: ='2 :='2 w7@ : ='2 :='2
0"""# / " "; """; 9"""dF @ """) # 0""# / ") @ ""; ""; ""% ""; "
(W5 : C)
* A1 # -! /==' " # G# b 5& -
4# 2 #( A1 # . 7 /D2 < =' %
# / =' < =' !d ^9& # #2 ( # . =' _
/E $ / =' / # -=9 . b 5& qD9 / Z
> 2 p.( = >/ ]D9 /^> J.2 $#
: > 2 * _d2 # 52} . ! 2 A1 HD
/ ", o"N ) " ; G * & "# "CY H"CY =) ;
(54n :456 3 C)
45 % = : $# <=' !d # #
#( $>B # /% $# =' = /% s 5 . ( ?F9
2 I@I2* N -2 ( ?F9 5e2 # > 2 ]!32
2 > 2 $.b $# 12 N $G # =' /E . $# =' b -
= ^> : > 2 $.b A1 # G# ? E 4 # 52}
$#D- r& # .«J» h * J>b 4
# U )} N # # = B # ]D9 /^> # /*
$ ^.F2 b b # 7/ #( . $ 2* #( /
* # 4* # '>9# ? E 8 /5 ` > 2
PW / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
: /# $.b =g@2 A # 3 , O. # ##

""# &""! / P ""q: ""; ""% "") ; &"" p""F / &'(""#
# """" *"""" """"# ,/ @ + """"A #+C!"""" """"
(5EW :456 3*)
HrCF "E"E
8< =' 4$# $ < * . ^9F2 # < =' # -'
/"- ^9: # .%# 5 ` 9e2 * 2 # ]>2 = 2
45 ` =' / $ c F2 =' 5H # 5 ` z3 :1
/ ] h1-( =' _ $# . $# # * 5 ` < =' 5 `
2 2Z 2 A1 9g -(# B ## #b :1 . # #
A e2 .) $ 2 5 ` =' ^ 2 * = b <==' ~ 2
% -%@ b b /e9 = .(QQ :PW\W 4% wSP :PW\Q 4$# h
> 5 ` 7 =' ] # . -D @ 5 ` 5 ,D
>/ .(Sn :PSSP 4 b b) % 5 ` < =' / 2 =' . ` /
$ 2 (Pl\ :/) # 2 81b _Z2 _->2 5 ` # = b
.5 ` # = b # ^ 2 ##
# A 7 & #( $Y $Gb A B # 5 `
-# N`2 s "- # F . $# :1 5/ = F( b
# >L .(Pnt :PWyP 4F) # 2 ^g@2 _>& ^ F( /
$ # 2 @ > e @ I* ^b2» #2 %
^.b #,e2 B # T ) 4 @ F( ` 7] # 5`2 s #*
4 /) « 9 9e2 3DL >a A]>2 >a I $ > b
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / PQ
. - # H A B C1 # 5 ` ] )} 7/ :1 . .(Wnn :PW\n
# & A1 # -2 # 5 ` $ /» $# * b b /e9 = O
* 4 *# 5`2 8L . 8L ## @ Gb 5 ` *
I* D * e2 #* # ~ -. K! # ! -% /
"Ub JD -@ G # 4$# ~ A1 $1 w# . *
.(SV :PSSP 4 b b) # /( -< -' )} ".&
:PQVV4 ) ) Z 4u9=2 :# 2 5 ` Y 7/ )
#,e2 52 D > 2 # } > 2 u9=2 ]>2 .(PWV /V
# > #,e2 D 2 5`2 # @
s# A1 h / 2 -< 5 ` =' $ / 2 = > 2
^.F2 4# 2 5 ` $ / @ $ N #
G# # ]>2 # 2 5`2 Y <a A] f3 .#
.(VSP /P :PQPl 4b ) # % 4 =' % 4D 4Z :# ! >@
$ >* 7 * & .# $ /'2 7 * & # 2 5 ` U )}
7 . . g ^ : T G 4 >B ! N`2
* & » . $# $ < -< 7 * & . -!
D9 / 5 9# - # =' 5 ` ^9& # #( 9 ^9F2
9 7 # 4-! ! * $ =9F2 >a d2
>! # $ * 2 * 7 $ < ( 2 ] #2
* & /5 ` s / .# 2 8# )} 2 56 -<
5e2 # $# 7 ] #2 _d 8~ /2 >-%/ /$# B
' 8 $ -% = E>2 / #( >/# 2 & =g@2
.(P\ :PW\t 4! 2) « >
Pn / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
a * %@ : > 2 H .~# /5`2 # D

# > 2 s > 2 Ne- 4> * * G/ /H =9: 5`2
$ G# /H ? F9 $ 7 /D2 ) ... * 2 7<2 $ < Z
5 ` .(nyn :PWyl 4 D) . i , g 2
J% @ #( )} >a A B # ^>2
$ / > 2 $ /'2 s# 4$# 9 #b A ] #2 ^9F2 > 2
# :1 ! # . -' )} 4 ~ 7 8 &
$ / . &1( 2 B C1 h / #2 ^9: #
-%. - # 5 ` # L# . $# $ < * 2* );2 3
# .# 2 $ / ! # 8 )* G# -' ^ 2
7 2 b2 B B # -2 /5 ` $ -
&1( 8 H ## * # > 2 c F2 &1( - s
$ >( ( $ N # > / B 2* # -2
N # =.F2 8 >2 4# G * AZ 4$# 7
: > 2 * * 5 ` 8 # 4$# c F2
I ""> "" @ 0"") "" & "", @ """" H"""" / """"=T """"$ B
""; ) "C ""I f@/ 0"") ""% C 0=% 01b$ ; ?/+,
""#@ ""M ""% ""$ # &"" "" ""I @ ""# ""F ""A+$ "" +""
X"" ""; "") "") "";+ ""M @ X""M )"" @ "") ; 9"" /s
(Da :4W 3*)
## 52 = B A1 5L @ # # -2 /N`2 H -=9
$ >a 2Z A1 Z 9g GN12 $G /
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / Pt
# A1 Z .## B 2 N`2 H ,-( Z < # G' /

/# 2 b s N# # 5 ` >a >* $ /5 `
:# 2 "%32 > 2 # // 2
R +, f; @ XB +F # ; + CA
". / & 3+d / & Rt
(5E :455 3*)
^ =g J.2 8< =' >2 7/ /5 ` ^9:
/ - b $ -! # $ 2 ='2
. ` >2 4# 2 #( 2 9 8 F& 8 9: # $Y /5 `
: $ H F& A<a _ ,2 #
& $/ / -*=T v=, % +$; "#u/R"; "G# : h ; R$
& "G "C )/@ wL ; R# g G#+"F / +A % &CI$ /
(5aD :456 3 C)
. $ H A# _ ,2 # . `
? d1, % g# ; F @ % ""#R# "") " $/R; ""#@ ""
(54 : C)
* g #( ^g@2 $ # $ -! I B # r& #
>@ >/ a J%32 /N`2 # -=9 . $## T -%
p #( @ /# G >/ /^> /
: -%. >2 /# 2 G'a 1b
&" 1"CA "; "; & hL & " $/ " "C @ & +
(5E :455 3 C)
Py / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
* Z - # $ Z L # «#» . #

$1 .(Qt :PWyS 4 '! :.) # 2 $ /'2 # « ,9 . Z 9 #»
$1 . $ Z>2 -' T «J» h *
$# $ < G# /# G #( . /N`2 # U2 8
.# 2 -(# B * 2# #
^g@2 b $ :; =1 =1 ) :; : ""E "E
> 2 H N`2 - =' N 2 N h1( 4 > hF 2 #( );2 g
7/ # =' =g r& # .## B 2 * cK 2# #
>/ # G .='2 # 2 H ='2 - =' # a # 2
:N`2 .## ! / A1 # 5 ` # #
g""#/ H!""M ""; @ ""; +""# /+"""d; """# )/+ """% / """
g""" / """ p""" """# x""Y ""U$ +"" "" h"" "";
(D4 :455 3*)
5e L #@ 2 >/* : > 2 H 9`2 - f! 8 #
#( $ >( b J.2 N`2 c g .## *
. - # -' b ^.F2 2# > 2 ^ : 4$# hF 2
@ b N _ ,2 <> ,@ > , ^.F2
> /( N`2 > =g@2 7.%2 w > / z2
: 8 >/ . >/# 2 ! T * -' &# 4$ ^.F2 2#
/+""d# ""; ""; j ""A @ R""$ / " ""; $""""#@ P """"$ """";
/+"""d# """A " ")/+; """# R"""% """"= / """"$@/ """") I """";
(e : C)
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / P\
='2 > 2 H N # ='2 - 7/ U2 8 #

5 ` A# A# _ ,2 -=9 . > 2 A# N _ ,2 # ] #2
8= . > 2 s ^.F2 -' G# J%32
: 9e2 / 7/ -%.
F .=g a # . G F * = #( * s'2»
.(P\l :/) « < 2 * >. : 5=g a # >/ T2(
= * s'2» : > 2 H 9`2 2 e2 - 7/ Z> #
. > 2 N`2 G# 81b 2# # « G F *
> 4# 2 $ /'2 7/ ]2 /N: # >/ # G
:r.F2 ## 9: N`2
9"A/ "% 91. )@ % +# =) 91% % / , )@ /+, +# ,
(54e :456 3*)
( 7- ( 2 .P : > 2 H N`2 # - #
aB * 7$# - <7 7'B 2 .V !# 2 ( # ]-
B $ >( /H 5 ` # ! * # <= '
^g@2 >/H T1 Z-%b / % a /N`2 # 2 ## 2
: > 2 -' # )}
9"""A+# F "" z ""=% +""". 9)1"# /iY y, M * X ;
( b# C)
> 2 H 5 ` # #( ] #2 ^.F2 - 7/ F& #
. G# 5 ` A<a _ ,2 -=9 > 2 * A _ ,2 #
s $## +,-( N`2 H _ ,2 F& # r& #
PS / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
:='2 H _ ,2
& 1; +^/ % &U$ % +) ; & "A@ % &U$ % _ T . R$
& "A+# "l# "G #+d# # @ & "A {", $ / ; #
(5aW :455 3*)
N 5 8D ~ F& = = e -( ]>2 F&
: $ H A _ ,2 # ] #2 ^.F2 5 ` s
/ "^ &T C <; +lC f+ /# % / * +M $ +)
/ "^ " : "$ &@ @ &" <% / Y/ ; % & % #
(564 : C)
+( Z 4$ "@- -%. 7/ 8= #
2# # > 2 H r& /% #2 # 9`2 - A1
:## B 2 /* 8D
. = 7< # 2 # @ $ D 2#* $#
.(Pyn :/) r& > <b
# $3 # * :HrCF / ; =1 =1 ; |U m F &) Y/ "E"E"E
#2 ^.F2 «='2» > N`2 > 2 ^> 4## / :1 ]>2 5 `
>% /5 ` ^9: «='2» > $ >% ]
N`2 r& # . > 2 ^> / E $# $ < * #( A1 #
. > 2 * J.2 $ >( * ='2 > 2 G> ( ='2)
. 2 # 5 ` 4## L # ] #- 8<2
4 > 2 b ='2 ='2 > 2 = <> 4 > 2 $
^ # 2 ] # A1 b ]D9 = .
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / Vl
F 2 # > 2 # 8. ]D9 ^>
2 !F9 -9 . ^9F2 ! 2 #( A1 U )}
# ! ,3>2 Y G 8 . > 2 B =: * > ^g@2
: /5 `
&"""I ; -"""F """; " "$/R; / &"I ) &" +" , ; -)#;
,+"" ""% &"",/ ""G# <"". ,""I -""F +""F "", "";
(aW :4W 3*)
# ]->2 I % : > 2 =.F2 N # 8 #
A# .## U * * . sa >a / -
>/ . > 2 H ^.F2 . `
# > 2 N # $# ( . > 2 & ]D9 = A# N
#b A J>b «$# (» . # ."a $# ( > 2 A# # -
/H N _ ,2 # $# ( qD9 * # ] >/ r& # .##
.# 2 K2 / . ` ' 2 "a > 2 «$# (» .
.## ^> A< I* - # A<D2 # N # $# ( $1
: b 5& > 2 # # 7/
/+", / "; 1"% )@ g % /+,}/ " "; """ """$ """
( :4553 C)
7 ( B ^ 2 5 ` s 6 #
A# _ ,2 # ( B > 2 N _ ,2 # «( %» .## B 2
«pD.2 J>b» ]D9 * ^ # . « % (» > 2
]D9 ^> r& # .(V\ :PWyS 4 '! :.) # 2 $ /'2
VP / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
. $ 2* #( 5 ` # >/ # = B # J>b

:"# Y / "; ") ) 3d)/ F )* 3 ; ~CF ; HrCF %c "4"E"E
>L * 5 ` >2 >/ # # /8<2 G#
7 <D /N`2 % .# 2* 27/ # i . # * :1
# 2 ^b2 2 ## @ r& $ 4#* 2 #( ] #2 ^.F2
^g@2 O N# 2*8 = 9`2 >B &1( -
4## #( -' U )} N # - # -' Ub
. > 2 H > ' B U & N~ - * 2 a
. #( ~ 2% /5 ` # @ /N`2
a .P : > 2 H Z I'@ N`2 # 8 # N`2 >
.## ? > ! a .V 4# =
h C""A+$ "") ""+, h "" "") h " "; "A ; /R" <"% " #
/ o""+) u""$ ""% "";I +"" """; F+"""=% @+"""# """;$ +"""
(DW :4W 3*)
' # . ? 8 K -# ## i . A# N`2
? 8 K # A1 C# # B ( /
$ /'2 7/ G# /5 ` # =2 B -# $ . $ #
:# 2
&1"; :+"Y "% "A ) (Y &"""A/ """)L; / @ """; +""":
(D5 : C)
.(_) 2 8 K -# ## $ . ` A# _ ,2
8 K # h 2 2& >. %! # 2 p> $ 5e
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / VV
.(VSn :PW\P 4 ) # 1/ #( , " d (_) 2

42 # <2 . 8 K -# ## $ A# _ ,2
: # O.2 B s #* =u B .
/+"" -"". p"" "". &"" ""$ /@ /+"", / / ""; ""% "" "";
(W6 : C)
(_)
c 8 K -# 8 9: . 8 7/
:## i .
-# I+T @ 9> 1# K+# ; % / 1)# @ / &
(544 :456 3 C)
F _>-2 A#* I> !* & )}-2 . ` 7/ N _ ,2
: $ -! 5e2 # $ Z
+"": / )+""# $""; @ ""# +b""" """) # R"""$ <"""; @
(DW :4W 3 C)
.# 2 N -%2 * $ * & * 5 ` 4 . # /
$#* 5 7. ? L # -%. # * /
:
# ""# & ""# +""F / H""CY +"" #+"", 1""; ""% "" 9""Y
""" ; """% """; ) """./ C1"""# """# +"""; {"""q!' """#
""I "") &"" R"" ""; ""% ""=, 9""Y "" / R""t ""F
(5n :455 3 C)
U{9 5`2 :D * ## $ > 2 H # . `
(n : b) D 53 39 5` /.3 79 7) -9 .
VW / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
$#( # > 2 ? L . @ % 7/ 8 #

# . 2 $ < N2 I 2 Z - # > #(
## i . # 2 . ` _d2 8
: -%# 2 D2 7( 7'a r!# 'a 2
h " 1"")@ ""+, u"" f""$ h ""Y ""; ""; # $""#@ / +""
"")@ ""; ""I R""$ ""b. " ; @ ""% " +"F @ "#/+, G# / C1 +
(De :4W 3*)
4C 4 4% 7(7'a r!# ]>2 a > 2 u9 # 'a
'a /- ( # #b2 7 p=g . -( 2 * b ( 4-'
* $ ' 2 = 2#* 7'a * $# 9D $
* # ... C ( 5/ 7( 7'a r!# -* 2 G /aB
a ( A => <a ^ # -@ 2 $ D /{
.(VSn :/) # ]->2 I/ >' $ >! 2
# # >/ /# G G# : h r % "a"E"E
9>2 =9: G# @ $ #( /N`2 * 5 `
. ! 2 #( A1 =- . > 2 H 4 #( ~ -b
r& # # /5 ` 8 d # /N&5e %
4$# ^.b ^g@2 #- * 2 * B # #( A1 # >-%2
: b 5& > 2 # 8 . > F2 #( -D 3L
!)J""""M """"#""""U$ """"r / H"""" : " "" /""""# 9 """Y
!)""""#@ """" / U'("""" &""" /+"""% " " / ""A
(Wn :455 3 C)
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / VQ
2 # 79 -! & : /# 2 i d N`2 H =.F2 Z> #
4# & ! # * & # = 5`2 1/b
. ># & >-% $* 79 Ae2 1/b a
-%. c # . $ ' -! G# r=>2 5`2 #( @
# ! @ # >-%2 2 $ ' H @ =>2 7/
. * 2 ^g@2 -' U )} B # ! 2 #( A1 p p L
Z /% >2# ( #( i, #2 % #
#( &1( / L G# 7/ 8 # . > 2 c F2
: > 2 >2# ( B B
""". 0""") """#. 9"""*F """ "" , &""U$ /"". ""; #+"":
""# R""F u""$ "", ""$ ""% "" ""# ""% ""C# ""UG;
(W4 :455 3*)
HrC h / "4"E

4 $ ' 56& D 5`9 N 5 ` :1 ^- ( # >a /
A# 2 # # 2 f1g 2* = 5`9 N =9: 2
b #2 $/ >a .~# A]>2 /5`9" d .(PVn :PWyS 4 '!)
# >. 2 #* 4,-( Z :.b $# >(
9< 4 ] #2 ^.F2 #2 # 5`9" d pF 4# h g~r2b 4
I ! "Ub 8 & 4 > 2 Ne- 4 '- 4 qD
# % 3= .(\ :PWyW 4 ;2 ,>2) A# 2 F!
# 52} .## &1( - K-2 =9: /5`9N
~ /' A / 5`9" d # 2 *
#( ^g@2 7<! 5& J.2 /N`2 . $# $ < #(
Vn / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
L( 9 # B # . # 2 s# e=g '& /

=>b /5`9N . * 2 >B > # 2 #(
8 Z $ a ## -b
:# 2 H * #2 >a - # b A# 2
" &1". ": /"# <"% / d# " &1"G# +" $/+dC> ;
(5D :4W 3*)
: $ 5`2 7/ F& N _ ,2
& @ / % &I/ + /# + Z)/ "% ") ; ]+" @ -. * `LY
& ; ) 1# &IG; + H #$ @ "; g": KLM & L / $@/ ;
(5a5 :456 3 C)
8& # * > 4## . $ F& $ F& # . (
... * 7,( C2# 2# L ! & # 2 G $# ( >
/ """=# / """> &""""""# """# / ""; +""A 9"" ""; ""# ""#
(W :455 3 C)
""""",# """""); ) 1"""""# , """ # &"""U$ d""" """) =#
(6E :4W 3 C)
" "# " "# % <% C "" "": ""F <""; h+"" /+""d
(aD : C)
-)+", @"F / +"; &*" % -)+"", @ "; ""; #+""F "F /+""d;
(WW : C)
b#
:# >a 2 I/YB 5L -
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / Vt
?.-@2 /$ :1 / 2* =' .P

GN12 -(> 4 '( . $# $ < * 7 .
. - h L q ,@'2
4# 2 #( A1 # . 7 /D2 < =' % .V
/ =' < =' !d ^9& # #2 ( # . =' _
. ] qD9 / Z #
/% &1( D>2 =`2 / Y /= ' % # ='2 .W
4$# J%32 J.2 ='2 s /* ^ 2 2
. > 2 < * -@ G ^g@2
# # -2 /5 ` # 7 . # /$ .Q
7/ /5 ` ^9: . i , 2* . ^ 2 A B
# $ 2 ='2 ^ =g J.2 8< =' >2
^g@2 $ # $ -! I B # r& # . $ -!
. $## T -% * g 7 . # #(
# G ='2 ='2 b # bb 5 ` 6 # $ .n
## B 2 N`2 # s H - w > 2 $#D- L(
!# /H 4$# hF 2 #( A1 );2 g ^g@2 b
)} ^g@2 >/H T1 / ## 2 B ] #2 > 2
. > 2 >a #
] ='2 ='2 > 2 = <> #( &1( /5 ` # .t
]D9 /^> 4$# b D9 2 = . -
. $ !* /5 ` > 2 # >/
Vy / . /' # 5 ` =' $Gb
4## i . ... * & * 4 @ & /5 ` # Xy
* & O N# 2*8 = 9`2 #( ] #2 &1( 8
. ! 2 * )} 4$# N -%2 ^g@2
-b 9>2 =9: G# @ $ . /5 ` .\
=- . r& # # 2 H #( ~ Z
. ! 2 #( A1
## * # &1( /5`9N ~ 2% .S
s# A# 2 # #( &1( /A B C1 -b
.# 2 $ < #( # * # 2
S;
.9)% XP
. , 9 =-9 :8 4V 3z HrC .(/PQVV). ) XV
.5 .Z9# :8 4P 3C * P/ Y * +C LY .(/PQPl). b XW
.N=& : < 4 .2 $ ( a b 3; N, I :0)/+F/ .(PWyP). F XQ
:$ /& 4 32 #32 8e . 3>L= / .(APSSP). /e9 = 4 b b Xn
. 9 =F2
3* +; dF )+#@ ; : @ F)A .(PW\P). J 4 9% Xt
.7.& 5/ G>/ ! %;2 : <
$G'# : <'2 3"/ I ;@ / / ; ]+# .(PW\V). % 4Z2 Xy
. <'2 # !
. . : < 3 / % ; .(PWyQ). %39 = 4" X\
PWSV B 47/# [ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB / V\
: < 4 D %321: i 3, 3 ""+; .(PW\P). = i.,2 4 XS

. 2(
4 /'2 ( 9 < i 3, 3* f % .(PWyn). XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XPl
. / : <
: < 4 D %321: i 3, 3 $ .(PWyy). XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XPP
. 2(
.$* : < 3/ I *A / h , /+M .(PWyl). d 32 4 > D XPV
.J# ! : < 3# * ; .(PW\W). J 4% XPW
. : < 3 ; # * .(PW\Q). $#h d 32 4A e2 . XPQ
. : < 3S); !# .(PWyS). 32 4 '! XPn
<2 % 32 b 3*" w/ ";/ {!'F .(PWtQ). / 42 XPt
.J : < 4 D %321: . #
: <'2 4fe 8 <9 ,,@ .Z2 4« h r » .(PW\t). #/ 32 4! 2 XPy
.Py XQQ + 4Vt T 4d 21 A. $G'# -%
.T : < 3I A / HrC h / .(PWyW). d . 4 ;2 ,>2 XP\
./ : < 3; f Y M &>L; +I .(PW\n). 9N1b 4 / XPS
4A<a N 4T B T2* 4« +; / A$» .(PWVW). ^ = 4 u XVl
.nPn XnWl + 4PlT
4xI " "I "C*F / *A !=NF /; .(PWSl). d 4/. XVP
. 21 #* $G'# 4&/# 47/# $ 4 . 8 # 2>'/YB
/ "$@/ h+ KA / r'; :# ,I .(PWyl). %321: 4 D XVV
. . : < 3 *A

بررسی جایگاه تشبیه و تمثیل در اندیشه های تعلیمی سعدی

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

بررسی جایگاه تشبیه و تمثیل در اندیشه های تعلیمی سعدی

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

'/YB X .

         

    -∗

h.aghahosaini@ltr.ui.ac.ir <DL $G'# ! 8 #   #- ∗

SV/W/VV T UB O SP/PP/PQ NL O

<E      .          47-D/  & #

  *  -%# &1(  ) ! L $=-    - >2  )* (  

* C*F / *A / =1F  G) : "E

# ?.-@2 /<  =  > 2  ='  >   %      #

 >  >d g %  ?F9 7/    # .#  #Z 2  $  *

 : ='2  ( :='2

7 /D2     /* 2  #  2    =' >B   7/  8  #

= : ='2  * :='2

: /# $.b  =g@2 A #    3 , O. #  ##

a * %@ : > 2 H .~#     /5`2 #    D

# A1 Z .## B 2 N`2 H  ,-(  Z < #   G' /

* Z - #   $     Z  L # «#» .    #

='2   > 2 H N   #   ='2  -   7/ U2 8  #

. $ 2*  #( 5 ` #    >/  #  = B # J>b

.(VSn :PW\P 4 ) #  1/ #( , " d    (_) 2

$#(    #  > 2 ? L  . @ %   7/  8  #

HrC h / "4"E

 L( 9 # B # .     # 2 s# e=g  '& / 

?.-@2 /$       :1 /   2*    =' .P

:  < 4 D  %321: i 3, 3 ""+; .(PW\P).   =  i.,2 4  XS

You might also like

'/YB X .

-∗

h.aghahosaini@ltr.ui.ac.ir <DL $G'# ! 8 # #- ∗

SV/W/VV T UB O SP/PP/PQ NL O

<E . 47-D/ & #

* -%# &1( ) ! L $=- - >2 )* (

CF / *A / =1F G) : "E

# ?.-@2 /< = > 2 =' > % #

> >d g % ?F9 7/ # .# #Z 2 $ *

: ='2 ( :='2

7 /D2 /* 2 # 2 =' >B 7/ 8 #

= : ='2 * :='2

: /# $.b =g@2 A # 3 , O. # ##

a * %@ : > 2 H .~# /5`2 # D

# A1 Z .## B 2 N`2 H ,-( Z < # G' /

* Z - # $ Z L # «#» . #

='2 > 2 H N # ='2 - 7/ U2 8 #

. $ 2* #( 5 ` # >/ # = B # J>b

.(VSn :PW\P 4 ) # 1/ #( , " d (_) 2

$#( # > 2 ? L . @ % 7/ 8 #

HrC h / "4"E

L( 9 # B # . # 2 s# e=g '& /

?.-@2 /$ :1 / 2* =' .P

: < 4 D %321: i 3, 3 ""+; .(PW\P). = i.,2 4 XS