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    Intonation is crucial in speech to avoid sounding like a robot and attract attention. It signals the division of utterances into intonational phrases which typically correspond to clause boundaries. Pitch is the key element of intonation and different tones like falling, rising, and complex tones like fall-rise have different meanings and functions. For example, a falling tone is used for statements while a rising tone is used for questions. Intonation also has attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions. The document provides an overview of the forms and functions of intonation in English.

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    Intonation is crucial in speech to avoid sounding like a robot and attract attention. It signals the division of utterances into intonational phrases which typically correspond to clause boundaries. Pitch is the key element of intonation and different tones like falling, rising, and complex tones like fall-rise have different meanings and functions. For example, a falling tone is used for statements while a rising tone is used for questions. Intonation also has attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions. The document provides an overview of the forms and functions of intonation in English.

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    6 views2 pages

    E Buja Online Class

    Uploaded by

    Bruno Spezzi
    Intonation is crucial in speech to avoid sounding like a robot and attract attention. It signals the division of utterances into intonational phrases which typically correspond to clause boundaries. Pitch is the key element of intonation and different tones like falling, rising, and complex tones like fall-rise have different meanings and functions. For example, a falling tone is used for statements while a rising tone is used for questions. Intonation also has attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions. The document provides an overview of the forms and functions of intonation in English.

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    of 2

    Intonation is really important, so you won't sound as a robot.

    - modulate voice in order to attract attention

    7.1 Form of intonation


    7.1.1 Primary accent
    7.1.2 The tone-unit
    7.1.3 The structure of the tone unit
    7.2 Pitch possibilities in tone-units
    7.3 Graphical representation of of Eng intonation
    7.4 Functions of intonation
    7.5 The use of the main tones in Eng

    Pitch - crucial element


    It signals the division of utterance into INTONATIONAL PHRASES
    (boundaries between intonational phrases correspond with clause boundaries)
    In speech we don't have any critical marks, so we replace it by intonation.
    Once upon a time - intonation goes up (adverbial)
    there was a little girl - intonation goes down (end of sentence)

    I have a friend / who is a lawyer


    I have a friend - pause + lenghtening of the final syllable friEND

    Simple tones - pitch range

    High - neutral - low

    Falling tone: yes, no


    Rising tone: yes, no
    *their respective meanings

    The tone-unit

    Tonic syllable (nucleus) - primary stress + pitch movement


    Head - extends from the 1st stressed syllable up to tonic
    Pre-head - composed of all unstressed syllables preceeding the 1st stressed
    syllable

    In a 'little 'less than an /hour

    That's very interesting!


    - ^ - \ . . |
    I know!
    - \ |

    Indicationg intonation in an utterance: using symbols.


    Pho'netics is 'not 'difficult at \all.

    a) Attitudinal function
    b) accentual function - the most basic function of intonation
    >He< travelled from New York
    He >travelled< from New York
    He travelled >from< New York
    He travelled from >New York<
    c) Grammatical function
    suprasegmental phoneme
    Old/men and women/...
    Old men and/ women/...
    d) Discourse function
    The use of the main tones in English
    1. Falling tone
    a) Statements
    b) Commands or orders
    c) Special questions
    d) Disjunctive questions = question tag
    falling --> statement; rising --> requiring an answer or opinion

    2. Rising tone
    a) Non-categorical statements
    b) General questions
    c) Non-categorical and polite requests
    d) Repeated questions
    e) Enumeration

    3. Complex tones
    a) Fall-rise V-like symbol
    b) Rise-fall A-like symbol
    c) Rise-fall-rise A/-like symbol

    Advice: talk to and listen to native speakers


    *next seminar: two weeks from now - rising and falling intonation

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